Lhander Q Peñaflorida

March 21 2018

Rome Joshua limbo

Grade 11 STEM A

Boyle’s law
Marshmallow and syringe experiment
Introduction:
Boyle's law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or
Mariotte's law[1]) is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure
of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.

Data analysis:

Materials needed either per student or pair of students:

60 mL syringe with Luer Lock tip

syringe tip caps

miniature marshmallow

Note: syringes and tips can be purchased from Flinn Scientific. Syringes
without caps may also

be used.

Directions:

1. Place a miniature marshmallow inside syringe.

2. Move plunger to about 30 mL.

3. Put cap on tip (or hold finger over end) so no air can escape.
 4. Experiment by moving the plunger back and forth, increasing and
decreasing volume

of container. Observe what happens to the marshmallow.

CONCLUSION:

Boyle’s law states that for fixed amount a gas at a fixed temperature volume
is opposite to its pressure. The air in the marshmallow is what follows boyles law.
The marshmallow is similar to a gas because when the pressure in the syringe is
decreased. The volume increase in the marshmallow. So basically when plunger is
pulled out the pressure in the syringe decreases and the volume of the
marshmallow increase

Charles Law
Bubbles on soda can experiment
Introduction:
Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental
gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern
statement of Charles's law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is
held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related.

Data analysis

Activity Sheet: Bubbles on a soda can: Discovering Charles’s law

Materials

Caution sign946 mL rubbing alcohol (typically sold as a 32 oz. bottle) (Safety

note: Use of alcohol requires proper ventilation, and students must wear
safety goggles.)

100 mL dish soap

500 mL water

soda cans with tabs removed (one per student)

10 cm diameter, round petri dishes (one per pair of students)

cotton balls (one per student)

safety goggles
Preparation

Prepare soap bubble mixture by adding dish soap to water. Place enough
soap solution (5–10 mL) to fill half of a petri-dish bottom. The tops of the
petri dishes can be used for rubbing alcohol–soaked cotton balls; pour 5–7
mL of rubbing alcohol in each top, one top per student group, and add two
cotton balls.

Conclusion

The bubbles-on-a-soda-can activity is an inexpensive way to illustrate

Charles’s law (see Activity Sheet), have students practice observation and
graphing skills, and introduce experimental variables. As teachers, we have
an opportunity to practice questioning skills to help students discover
science concepts and decide when to use direct instruction. Most of my
students need direct instruction on graphing, especially the labeling of axes
with variables from an experiment. Asking students to explain their drawings
for this activity is a way to let them make their own connections between the
temperature of a gas and its volume.

Avogadro’s Law

To determine the physical behavior of gases

Intruduction
Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or
Avogadro's principle) is an experimental gas law relating volume of a gas to
the amount of substance of gas present. ... Avogadro's law states that,
"equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the
same number of molecules".

Data analysis
Materials

Apparatus

• bottle and syringe setup (see diagram to the right)

o 250 mL plastic bottle

o One-hole stopper fitted with a short glass tube

o Short length of rubber tubing

o 60 mL syringe

• semi-micro (4") test tube

• 25 mL measuring cylinder

Reagents and Disposables

• sodium hydrogen carbonate

• 1 M acetic acid solution

• silicone oil (to lubricate the syringe)

Daltons Law
Partial pressure
Introduction:
In chemistry and physics, Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of
partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the
total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the
individual gases.[1] This empirical law was observed by John Dalton in 1801
and published in 1802.[2] and is related to the ideal gas laws.
Data analysis

Materials
• Large test tubes
• Water
• Iron filings
• 250 mL beakers
• Ring stands and test tube clamps
• Markers
• Graduated cylinders
• Calculators
• Barometer