Soil Report

Geotechnical Investigation Report

Table of Contents

I. Introduction
 Importance
II. Method of Investigation and Laboratory Testing
III. Site Condition
IV. Subsurface Condition
V. Laboratory Test Results
A. Settlement Parameters
B. Soil Classification
VI. Lot Details
A. Location
B. Boundaries
C. Area
D. Vicinity Map
VII. Conclusion and Recommendation
 Recommended Foundation
VIII. Appendices
A. Tables
B. Graphs
IX. Documentation
 I. SOIL REPORT
This report shows the different soil tests and results conducted by the students of the
School of Engineering and Architecture on the subject CE422L, Geotechnical Engineering 2, of
the Civil Engineering Department.
The sample was excavated form a certain site using a Test-pit Method. The sample was
used for all the soil tests done simultaneously.

 IMPORTANCE:
Soil tests are very essential in determining certain specifications in designing the
foundation. Foundations are the most important aspect in constructing the building/structure.
We are able to determine if the soul passes the standards of the national building code
prescribed by the Philippine Government. It is also important to know if the soil can carry a
certain load for a given soil classification. Foundations are vital to the integrity of every structure
being the interface with the soil or rock below. Since soil is changing, and has broad types and
different classifications. It has a variety of properties, which varies from place to place, and
different types/classifications. There are certain limitations that pass in the standards of the
proposed structure. Due to certain circumstance, take for example physical and chemical
changes; soil properties and characteristics may change considerably in a certain area. Factors
like weather, climatic changes, global warming, acid rain, and site management can affect the
bearing and load capacity of soil. To sum it all up, if foundations are not designed to the
carrying capacity, and exceeds the maximum loads of force, the foundation may tend to fail and
so the structure itself.
In designing foundations, important design considerations are Bearing Capacity,
Compaction and settlement. Foundation must be able to support the Dead load (considerable
weight) of the structure; the soil beneath the foundation must be able to carry the entire weight.
Hence, soil tests must be properly executed in order to obtain favorable/accurate and/or
consistent characteristics of certain soil.
 II. Method of Investigation and Laboratory Testing
1. ASTM D420-69: FIELD COLLECTION OF A SOIL SAMPLE
2. ASTM D2166-06: UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST
3. ASTM D3080: DIRECT SHEAR TEST
4. ASTM D854: SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
5. ASTM D2454: PERMEABILITY TEST
6. ASTM D2435: CONSOLIDATION TEST
7. ASTM DD1883-05: CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
8. ASTM D4318-10: EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF SOIL

III. Site Condition

The site, is found at Windy Hill, Buyagan-Valley Bread, Baguio City. The soil sample was
taken from the excavated land for several soil-sampling tests. The soil sample was extracted
from one of the sides/corner of the lot.
This site is located between residential houses and commercial establishments located
along Buyagan-Valley Bread. The site is open used for agricultural plantation such as flowers
and common vegetables plants. There are also many trees within the boundaries of the site
and the ground was grassy.

IV. Subsurface Condition

The soil sample that was excavated from the site is light brown in the color and is found
to be sandy and clayey in origin. The shade of brown that was the color of the soil became
lighter as the excavation deepened. The excavation had a depth of 6.0 meters from the normal
ground level.
The excavation was done in a lot were it is a garden area that have a vegetation that the
excavation before going into deeper part we can found a lot of worms. But furthermore, as it
goes in a 3 meters deep of excavation, the soil is becoming hard to excavate.
V. Laboratory Test Results
Average Moisture Content, w = 37.56%
Specific Gravity, Gs = 2.126
Liquid Limit, LL = 59%
Plastic Limit, PL = 43.41.%
Plasticity Index, PI = 12.088%
SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

Width of Foundation = 1.5m

Depth of Foundation = 1.5m
Cohesion = 8KPa
Max. Dry Unit Weight = 11.12 KN/

= 42.38

= 59.30

= 47.83

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

Qu = c +q + 0.5

= 1575.6 KPa
CIRCULAR FOUNDATION

Qu = c (1.3) + q + 0.3

= 1572.97 KPa
SQUARE FOUNDATION

Qu = c (1.3) + q + 0.4

= 1652.75 KPa
FACTORS OF SAFETY

FS= = 2.86 = 3.0

VI. Lot Details

A. Location:
Windy Hill,Valley Bread, Buyagan, Baguio City
B. Boundaries:
Beginning at a point marked “1” on plan TSI-V-8169, going N, 89-14 W., 221.96 m. from B.L.
“20,Baguio Town site, thence S. 83-00 E., 78.92 m. to point 2; S.44-25 W., 21.34 m. to point 3;
S. 19-03 W., 6.50 m. to point 4; N. 8-05 W., 20.30 m. to point 5; S. 82-32 W., 37.00 m to point 6;
S. 82-32 W., 25.12 m. to point 7; N. 16-55 E., 17.95 m. to point 1; point of beginning.
AREA: 2,400 square meters
C. Vicinity Map:
VII. Conclusion and Recommendation
For engineering purposes especially in our field Civil Engineering, we study the
properties of soil, such as its origin, grain-size distribution, and ability to drain water,
compressibility, shear strength, and load-bearing capacity.
Based on the results obtained from the conducted laboratory tests. The soil sample
excavated from the site is under the silt – clay type of classification. It is also known to be loamy
sand.
Sand can be a good foundation or a terrible one, depending on grain structure and water
table. All soils have a pound per square foot load capacity and when designing a building you
have to take that for your base calculation, and then add a safety factor.
Also, there is a significant amount of vegetation on the site. Tree roots will affect a structure if
the foundation is shallow enough for the root system to penetrate the ground beneath it and
cause the soil to shift. The result of this shifting is cracks in your foundation. As the tree root
grows underneath the foundation it causes the soil to shift and settle.
Using the information from the soil report, we can engineer a deep foundation solution.
Underneath the sand is harder more cohesive soil. By harnessing the properties of this other
soil type, you can successfully anchor your home.
We come up to the conclusion that our soil samples somewhat good condition for
construction. Which is in a medium consistency where our values that we got in unconfined

compression and direct shear method is in 38.65 KN/ and an angle of 32.57 degrees. The

specific gravity of our soil sample determined value is 2.126 that can be classified as silty or
clayey gravel and sand materials. According to the AASHTO, our sample falls under Granular
Materials A-2-7. The Liquid Limit is 59% and the Plastic Limit is 43.41% such that the Plasticity
Index is 12.088%. By representing the graph, you can also identify the soil classification. The

Bearing Capacity of soil 59.30, 42.0, and 47.83 with maximum Dry Unit weight of 11.12 KN/ .
VIII. Appendices
A. TABLES:
a. Unconfined Compression Test
CYLINDER 1
Diameter, mm = 72 Mass, g = 153
Area, = 4071.50 Height, mm = 917.76

Load Dial Reading Total Load Sample Stress (KPa) Deformation Strain (KPa)
5 19 0.0266 5.63 0.05 0.000636
10 23 0.0323 6.53 0.10 0.000636
15 26 0.0365 7.94 0.15 0.000981
20 30 0.0421 8.97 0.20 0.00131
25 33 0.0463 10.34 0.25 0.00163
30 36 0.0505 11.37 0.30 0.00196
35 39 0.0547 12.41 0.35 0.00229
40 42 0.0589 13.44 0.40 0.00261
45 44 0.0618 14.47 0.45 0.00294
50 47 0.0659 15.18 0.50 0.00327
55 49 0.0688 16.19 0.55 0.00359
60 52 0.0730 16.90 0.60 0.00392
65 54 0.0758 17.93 0.65 0.00425
70 55 0.0772 18.62 0.70 0.00458
/75 56 0.0786 18.97 0.75 0.00490
80 57 0.0800 19.31 0.80 0.00523
85 58 0.0814 19.65 0.85 0.00556
90 59 0.0828 20.0 0.90 0.00568

CYLINDER 2
Diameter, mm = 67.34 Weight, g = 350.039
Area, = 3561.513 Height, mm = 97

Load Dial Reading Total Load Sample Stress (KPa) Deformation Strain (KPa)
5 16 0.0025 5.78 0.05 0.000326
10 23 0.0322 8.30 0.10 0.000645
15 34 0.0477 12.28 0.15 0.000968
 20 44 0.0618 15.90 0.20 0.00129
25 53 0.0743 19.15 0.25 0.00161
30 61 0.0856 22.03 0.30 0.00194
35 68 0.0954 24.56 0.35 0.00226
40 76 0.1066 27.44 0.40 0.00258
45 82 0.1151 29.63 0.45 0.00290
50 89 0.1235 31.79 0.50 0.00323
55 94 0.1319 33.95 0.55 0.00355
60 100 0.1403 36.11 0.60 0.00387
65 106 0.1437 38.28 0.65 0.00419
70 113 0.1586 40.33 0.70 0.00452
75 119 0.1670 42.99 0.75 0.00482
80 124 0.1740 44.79 0.80 0.00516
85 129 0.1810 46.59 0.85 0.00548
90 134 0.1880 48.39 0.90 0.00581
95 138 0.1937 49.86 0.95 0.00613
100 141 0.1978 50.92 1.00 0.00645
105 146 0.2049 52.74 1.05 0.00677
110 150 0.2105 54.19 1.10 0.00710
115 154 0.2161 55.63 1.15 0.00742
120 158 0.2217 57.07 1.20 0.00774
125 160 0.2245 57.79 1.25 0.00806
130 163 0.2257 58.87 1.30 0.00839
135 165 0.2315 59.59 1.35 0.00871
140 168 0.2358 60.70 1.40 0.00903
145 170 0.2386 61.42 1.45 0.00935
150 172 0.2414 62.14 1.50 0.00968
155 174 0.2442 62.86 1.55 0.01
160 176 0.2470 63.58 1.60 0.01032
165 177 0.2484 63.94 1.65 0.01065
170 177 0.2484 63.94 1.70 0.01097
175 178 0.2498 63.60 1.75 0.01129
180 179 0.2412 64.66 1.80 0.01161
185 178 0.2498 63.30 1.85 0.01194

CYLINDER 3
Diameter, mm = 60.01 Weight, g = 570.08
Area, = 2828.38 Height, mm = 98

Load Dial Reading Total Load Sample Stress (KPa) Deformation Strain (KPa)
5 13 4.10 5.01 0.05 0.000324
 10 16 5.05 6.17 0.10 0.000648
15 18 5.68 6.94 0.15 0.000972
20 19 5.99 7.32 0.20 0.00130
25 21 6.62 8.09 0.25 0.00162
30 21 6.62 8.09 0.30 0.00194
35 22 6.94 8.49 0.35 0.00277
40 23 7.25 8.86 0.40 0.00259
45 24 7.57 9.25 0.45 0.00291
50 24 7.57 9.25 0.50 0.00324
55 24 7.57 9.25 0.55 0.00356
60 24 7.57 9.25 0.60 0.00389
65 23 7.25 8.86 0.65 0.00421
70 22 6.94 8.49 0.70 0.00453

b. Direct Shear
Area Specimen = 2.581

Weight of Loading Frame + Plate = 7.725 kg.

Load Dial = 1.32 N/DN
Specimen Weight Dial Normal Normal Shear Shear
No. (lbs) Reading Load, Kg Stress (KPa) (N) Stress (KPa)
1 10 71 12.26 46.60 93.04 41.50
2 20 76 16.80 63.85 126.72 56.12
3 30 111 21.33 81.07 146.52 64.89
4 40 145 25.87 98.33 191.4 84.76

c. Specific Gravity of Soil Test

Weight of Air Dry Sample 100 g
Weight of Bottle 153.66 g
Weight of Bottle + Water + Temperature 650.91g - 24
Weight of Bottle + Water + Sample + Temperature 655.50 g - 26
Weight of Oven Dry Sample + Pan 212.28 g
Weight of Pan 111.47 g
Pan # #5

d. Consolidation Test (Group Data)

Time Load Dial Reading Applied Pressure Deformation (mm)

(lbs) (KPa)
Drained Undrained Drained Undrained Drained Undrained
50 sec. 2.5 0 0.5 3.512 2.586 0 0.2413
15 min 5 2 24.5 7.024 5.172 0.0508 0.6223
30 min 10 23 139.5 14.048 10.344 0.5842 3.5433
60 min 20 51 158.2 28.096 20.688 1.2954 4.0183
80 min 40 85.5 183.5 56.192 41.376 2.1717 4.6609
100 min 60 104 202.9 84.288 62.064 2.6416 5.1537
120 min 90 122 226 42.144 31.032 3.0988 5.7404

B. GRAPHS:

a. Unconfined Compression
 CYLINDER 1
25

20

15
STRESS

10

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
DEFORMATION
 CYLINDER 2
70

60

50
STRESS(KPa)

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
DEFORMATION

CYLINDER 3
10
9
8
7
STRES(KPa)

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
DEFORMATION
 b. Direct- Shear Test

DIRECT- SHEAR STRESS

50
45
SHEAR STRESS(KPa)

40 θ
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
NORMAL STRESS(KPa)

c. Sieve Analysis
d. Liquid Limit
IX. DOCUMENTATION:

Field Collection of a Soil Sample

Unconfined Compression Test
Direct shear Test
Specific Gravity of Soil
Soil Compaction
Field Density Test
Liquid Limit Determination of Soil
Plastic Limit Determination of Soil
Sieve Analysis