Topic: - Application of Nanomanufacturing and

Nanotechnology in Automobile
Assessment 1:- Short Paper
Course:- Advanced Manufacturing Processes
Prof. Sumit Dubal

Group 5
1700501033 – Salman Shaikh – salman.shaikh6877@gmail.com
1700501034 – Medhaj Shetty – medhajshetty@gmail.com
1700501035 – Atharva Shirke – shirkeatharva68@gmail.com
1700501037 – Shivam Sonawane – sonawane6677@gmail.com
1700501038 – Arish Syed – arishz@live.com

Date:- 16/09/2019
Time:- 11:45 a.m.
Location:- SSOU, Kiwale, Pune
 Application of Nanomanufacturing and Nanotechnology in Automobile
Salman Shaikh, Medhaj Shetty, Atharva Shirke, Shivam Sonawane, Arish Syed
B.Tech – Automobile, Symbiosis Skills and Open University
Abstract
Nanomanufacturing is the fabrication,
manipulation, and characterization of
nanoscale devices at the order of 10-9
meters, which are then used to manufacture
high-performance, innovative, next-
generation products. For nearly two
decades, nanotechnology has been one of
the fastest-growing technologies in the
world. Therefore, industries are now
heavily investing in research and
developments in order to develop safety,
environment friendliness, comfort and
performance in automobile systems which
include nano-catalysts, anti-glare coatings,
carbon black in tyres, GMR sensors, fuel
additives, dirt protection, etc.; along with
applications for nano-steel, low friction
aggregate components, switchable
materials, glare-free/wiper-free glasses;
which will become quite practical in the
near future. [1]
1.Introduction
When the size of a device is reduced to
nanometre range, the chemical, physical
and biological properties of the material
changes, which may be entirely different
from the properties of their constituent bulk
materials. This is due to a larger surface
area to volume ratio, spatial confinement,
large surface energy and reduced
imperfection. Hardness, super elasticity at
high temperatures, improved breaking
strength and increased fracture toughness
are considerably improved. Consequently,
durability of machines is improved,
lubrication systems are more effective and
materials used can be lighter. The increase
of surface area to volume ratio results in
more atoms being exposed to the surface,
making surface properties more dominant
than those of bulk material i.e. higher
chemical reactivity, dispersion of light, etc.
[2]
Hence, nano manufacturing can give us
greater control over the parameters of the
devices we intend to produce.
1.1 Requirement in Automobile
Sector
Nanotechnology contributes crucially to
necessary developments and the production
of innovative materials and processes in the
automotive sector. For instance, modern
tyres achieved their high mileage,
durability and grip through nanoscale soot
particles and silica.
Materials with nanoparticles or layers at the
nanoscales have beneficial effects on inner
and outer surfaces, on the body or on the
engine and drive. Nanotechnology is
applied to body parts, emissions, chassis
and tyres, automobile interiors, electrics
and electronics, engines and drive trains.
The important parts of automobiles those
are shaped by nanotechnology is depicted
in figure 1, and figure 2 depicts where
nanotechnology can satisfy customer
specific demands for the automotive
industry. [3]

Figure 1. . Potential areas where nanotechnology
can contribute to satisfy society demands in the
automotive industry. [1]
Figure 2. Customer-specific requirements to future
automobiles where nanotechnology has an impact.
[1]
2. Nanotechnology Current
Uses/Potential Applications:
Nanomaterials in tires are used to counter
the drastic reduction in safety for drivers
and passengers, increase efficiency, control
and handling performance. Automobile
tires contain materials such as carbon black
and silica fillers, nanoclay and carbon
nanotubes, graphene and other additives
surrounded by a matrix of polybutadiene
and styrene-butadiene rubber.
Another wide application of
nanotechonology is surface coatings. The
quality of glass has drastically improved
with the use of nanoglass coating like
indium-tin-oxide, titanium dioxide, etc.,
making the surface hydrophobic and
scratch resistant. Adding nanoparticles to
the lubricants and fluids used in a car can
improve their mechanical properties and
provide several economic benefits like:
extending engine oil life by 100%, lowering
engine friction and increasing performance
by up to 9%, as well as reducing overall
friction by 90%.
The new generation of super-charging
lithium-ion batteries use a high surface area
silicon nanowire connected to stainless
steel anode to replace the traditional
graphic anode. This greatly accelerates
battery charging and discharging process by
nearly tenfold. [1]
3. Nanoparticle Production
Two basic strategies are used to produce
nanoparticles: 'top-down' and 'bottom-up'.
The term 'top-down' refers here to the
mechanical crushing of source material
using a milling process. In the 'bottom-up'
strategy, structures are built up by chemical
processes. The selection of the respective
process depends on the chemical
composition and the desired features
specified for the nanoparticles.
'Top-down' refers to mechanical-physical
particle production processes based on
principles of microsystem technology. The
traditional mechanical-physical crushing
methods for producing nanoparticles
involve various milling techniques
Bottom-up methods are based on
physicochemical principles of molecular or
atomic self-organization. This approach
produces selected, more complex structures
from atoms or molecules, better controlling
sizes, shapes and size ranges. It includes
aerosol processes, precipitation reactions
and solution/gel processes.
These differences are visualised in figure 3.
Figure 3. Differences between Top-down and
Bottom-up methodologies [4]
4. Cost effective Nano-fabrication:
However, to manufacture electro-
mechanical devices at the nano and micro
scale, nano-fabrication must be performed.
However, investment of nanotechnology
facilities is enormous and the time required
for fabrication increases drastically with
increase in patterning resolution. Drawing
of few mm2 of nanoparticles can take up to
a week and increases fabrication costs. The
cost is expected to reduce with the
introduction of forming process.
Figure 4 shows the step and repeat type
Nano imprinting machine developed by
collaboration with industry. The mold size
up to 30x30 mm2 can be used and the
imprinting area of 200x200 mm2 can be
covered by step and repeat motion with
alignment error less than 1 um.[4]
Figure 4. Step-and-Repeat type nano imprinting
machine [3]
Nano mold fabrication is developed by
using Electron-Beam Lithography (which
employs a focused beam of electrons to
draw custom shapes), Silicon etching and
electroforming of Nickel. Although wet
etching of glasses is widely employed for
fabrication of fluidic nanotechnology, it is
not considered satisfactory for the low
machining resolution and the etched profile.
Dry etching of glasses is an alternative, but
the etching rate is extremely low (to the
order of 0.1 um/min) and the cost is too high
because of the expensive Reactive Ion
Etching facility (which uses chemically
reactive ions, which are accelerated toward
the substrate, usually a silicon wafer, to
remove a specific deposited material).
Conclusion Science Received Date: 20 October 2017
Accepted Date: 21 March 2018
Nanomaterials in the form of nanoparticles,
nanofilms, nanoflakes, nanotubes, Presting H., Konig U.; ‘Future
nanofibers, and nanocomposites have been Nanotechnology Develpments For
used in the automotive industry for various Automotive Applications’; Daimler
purposes, such as improved mechanical, Chrysler Research; 2003.
electrical, thermal, corrosion, self-cleaning 1. Asmatulu R., Nguyen P., Asmatulu
and anti-wear properties. Although these E.; ‘Nanotechnology Safety in the
materials have superior properties for Automotive Industry’; Wichita State
various automobile applications, they are University, Department Of Mechanical
quite expensive in comparison and can have Engineering; 2011.
their limitations, like agglomeration of
nanoparticles, hardening of ultra-fine 2. Ryutaro Maeda, Masaharu
particles etc. However, benefits of nano- Takahashi and Shinya Sasaki;
coating outweigh its drawbacks. Our aim, ‘Commercialization of MEMS and Nano
therefore, should be to overcome these Manufacturing’; National Institute of
drawbacks and make even more effective Advanced Industrial Science and
coating systems. Technology (AIST) Japan; 2003.

Citations: 3. A.S. Khanna; ‘Nanotechnology in

High Performance Paint Coatings’;
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