33kV/√3 NER Sizing Calculation

Transformer Rating 25000 kVA

Primary Voltage 220000 VAC
Secondary Voltage 33000 VAC
% Impedence 12.50
Rated current at 33000VAC 437.39 Amps
Isc * 3499.12 Amps
Fault kVA 200.0016 MVA

System Charging Current (Typically 1 A per 1 MVA for Medium Voltage Systems)

= 25000 x ( 1 / 1000 ) 25 Amps

Let-through current of the NER must be greater than 10 times the system charging current considering the stability during the system charging.

= ( 25 X 10 ) 250 Amps

As per IEEE standard 142-1991, states that : " Low resistance grounding typically uses Ground fault current levels of atleast 100A,
with currents in the 200-1000A range being more usual. "
So a selected value of current rating of NER :

Selected NER Rating = 500 Amps

From the above it is evident, that the minimum rating of NER should be = 500 Amps
considering the stability during the system charging.

The NER is rated for 30 seconds, as the protective devices will clear the ground fault in less than 1s, depending on the type
& magnitude of the earth fault.

NER Current Rating = 500 Amps

Value of Fault Current limited as a % of Isc 14.29 %
NER Voltage Rating (33000/√3 ) = 19052.56 VAC
Value of Resistance (V/I) 38.11 Ω

Cable selection for NER

As the NER is rated for 30 Seconds , the cables need to be sized for a maximum of 30 seconds.
A
S= × t
K

Where
S = Cross sectional area of the conductor in sq.mm
A = Withstand capacity of the cable in KA
K = Factor for Aluminium XLPE Cables = 0.094
t = Fault clearing time in Seconds = 10

Hence S = 16.82 Sqmm

However, Cable size :- "1C x 300 sq. mm. Al, XLPE, PVC, Armoured" is selected, for Transformer Neutral to NER connection.

Selected rating of NER :

33000/√3 V, 38.11 Ohms, 500 Amps for 30 Seconds Earth Grounding Resistor

* Isc is the maximum 3 Phase Symmetrical bolted-fault current ,assuming sustained primary voltage during fault & unlimited primary power source