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Sub-batch : O2
DISADVANTAGES
• Less memory capacity
• Higher manufacturing cost
One of the two basic memory types (the other being SRAM), DRAM
requires a periodic ‘refresh’ of power in order to function. It stores each bit
of data on a small capacitor within the memory cell . The capacitors that
store data in DRAM gradually discharge energy; no energy means the data
becomes lost. This is why DRAM is called ‘dynamic’ — constant change or
action (e.g. refreshing) is needed to keep data intact. DRAM is also a
volatile memory, which means that all the stored data becomes lost once
the power is cut off.
In the 1990s, Extended Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) was
developed, followed by its evolution, Burst EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM).
These memory types had appeal due to increased performance/efficiency
at lower costs. However, the technology was rendered obsolete by the
development of SDRAM.
• System memory
• Video graphics memory
Advantages of DRAM
• Very dense
• Low cost per bit
• Simple memory cell structure
Disadvantages of DRAM
• Complex manufacturing process
• Data requires refreshing
• More complex external circuitry required (read and refresh periodically)
• Volatile memory
• Relatively slow operational speed
Advantages of SDRAM
• Faster compared to other versions of RAM
• more efficient , which is up to 4 times the performance of the other
standard DRAMs
• It can run at much higher clock speeds than conventional memory.
Disdvantages of SDRAM
• it can't use with the older motherboards.
• It works in a single data rate, i.e., it can do only tasks per clock
cycle.
• To remove this disadvantage later on double data
rate SDRAM was introduced
SDR SDRAM is the expanded term for SDRAM — the two types are one
and the same, but most frequently referred to as just SDRAM. The
‘single data rate’ indicates how the memory processes one read and one
write instruction per clock cycle. This labeling helps to clarify
comparisons between SDR SDRAM and DDR SDRAM:
DDR SDRAM operates like SDR SDRAM, only twice as fast. DDR
SDRAM is capable of processing two read and two write instructions per
clock cycle (hence the ‘double’). Although similar in function, DDR
SDRAM has physical differences (184 pins and a single notch on the
connector) versus SDR SDRAM (168 pins and two notches on the
connector). DDR SDRAM also works at a lower standard voltage (2.5 V
from 3.3 V), preventing backward compatibility with SDR SDRAM.
DISADVANTAGES
• cannot request and receive data on the same clock cycle.
• Low bandwidth as compared to gddr.
• High power and heat dispersal so not efficient with simpler cooling
systems .
ADVANTAGES
• GDDR memory is built for much higher bandwidth (performance)
hence a wider memory bus.
• It can request and receive data on the same clock cycle, DDR
cannot.
• GDDR is optimised for reduced heat output
• It is designed for reduced power consumption
Flash Memory
• Time in market: 1984 to present
• Popular products using flash memory: Digital cameras,
smartphones/tablets, handheld gaming systems/toys