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LEARNER GUIDE
CARRY OUT MECHANICAL CUTTING OPERATIONS (BASIC)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
Welcome ................................................................................................................... 1
This Competency Unit.................................................................................................... 1
Before You Start ............................................................................................................. 2
Planning Your Learning Programme ............................................................................. 2
Self-Assessment Checklist ............................................................................................. 3
How To Use This Learner Guide ................................................................................... 5
Using the Computer and other Resources...................................................................... 6
Method of Assessment.................................................................................................... 6
LG-MEMFAB0041A:
CARRY OUT MECHANICAL
CUTTING OPERATIONS (BASIC)
INTRODUCTION
Welcome
Welcome to the Learner Guide for Unit of Competency “Carry Out Mechanical Cutting
Operations (Basic)”. This is just one of a number of Learner Guides produced for the Skills
streams of the Metal Engineering and Maintenance Industry, and it is designed to guide you, the
learner, through a series of learning processes and activities that will enable you to achieve the
specified learning outcomes for the competency unit.
The content of this guide was developed from the Competency Standard MEMFAB0041Awhich is
one of the basic building blocks for the National Vocational Qualification of Jamaica (NVQ-J)
certification within the industry. Please refer to your Learner Handbook for a thorough explanation
of standards and competencies, and how these relate to the NVQ-J certification.
You are also advised to consult the Competency Standard and assessment instrument for a better
understanding of what is required to master the competency.
“Carry Out Mechanical Cutting Operations (Basic)” addresses the knowledge and skills
requirements to carry out mechanical cutting operations. There are four main areas or elements:
As you go through each element, you will find critical information relating to each one. You are
advised to study them carefully so that you will be able to develop the necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes for carry out mechanical cutting operations (basic).
a. Obtain a Learner Logbook that you will use to record evidence of your new skills/competence.
As you demonstrate your new skills, record your activities and have your learning facilitator
sign off on them. This will allow you to provide evidence of your competence when you are
being assessed against the competency standard.
b. Ensure that you have access to the facilities and equipment necessary for learning.
d. Ensure that you are wearing suitable clothing, that tools and equipment are safe, and that the
correct safety equipment is used.
The self-assessment checklist on the following page will assist you in planning your training
programme as it will help you to think about the knowledge and skills needed to demonstrate
competency in this unit. As you go through the checklist you will be able to find out what
elements you have already mastered and which ones you will need to pay more attention to as
you go through the learning process.
To complete the self-assessment checklist, simply read the statements and tick the ‘Yes’ or ‘No’
box. You should do this exercise now.
Self-Assessment Checklist
- Carry Out Mechanical Cutting Operations (Basic)
If you ticked all or most of the ‘Yes’ boxes then you might not need to go through the entire guide.
Ask your learning facilitator to assist you in determining the most appropriate action you should
take.
If you ticked a few of the ‘Yes’ boxes or none at all then you should work through all of the guide,
even though some of the material my be familiar to you.
Plan your learning based on your answers. Be sure to involve your learning facilitator in the
planning process.
This Learner Guide is designed to assist you in working and learning at your own pace.
• Check your progress at each checkpoint to ensure that you have understood the material
• Observe the icons and special graphics used throughout this guide to remind you of what you
have to do and to enhance your learning. The icons and their meanings are as follows:
Definition Box
Words/phases are defined or explained in this box. The
words/phases being explained are in bold print.
Checkpoint
This denotes a brain teaser and is used to check your
understanding of the materials presented. No answers are
provided for the questions asked.
Activity
This denotes something for you to do either alone or with
the assistance of your trainer/supervisor.
Reference
Points you to the reference materials and other support
documents or resources used in compiling the unit content.
• Ask your learning facilitator for help if you have any problems with the interpretation of the
contents, the procedures, or the availability of resources.
• Complete each activity as you come to it. If the activity requires you perform an actual task,
be sure to tell your learning facilitator when you get to that activity so that he/she can make
any arrangements, if necessary.
• Get your learning facilitator to sign and date the Learner Logbook when you have completed an
activity.
When you have worked through all elements of the guide, and when you can tick every ‘Yes’ box,
you are ready for assessment and should ask your learning facilitator to assist you in making the
arrangements to have your performance assessed.
Where your activities refer you to the library, computer and Internet resources, ask your learning
facilitator to assist you with locating these resources. If you are getting your training in an
institution, there may be a library and a computer laboratory. If this is not the case, visit the local
library and find out what resources are available.
If you are new to the computer and the Internet, someone in the computer room should be able to
show you how to use these resources.
Please note that in many of your activities you have been referred to information on the Internet.
This is because the Internet has a vast amount of information that can help you in acquiring the
particular competencies. We would like to advise you, however, that we cannot guarantee that all
the sites will be available when you need them. If this happens, ask your learning facilitator to
assist you with locating other sites that have the information you require.
Method of Assessment
Competency will be assessed while you are actually performing the tasks related to this
competency, this may be in a real workplace or a simulated situation that accurately relates to the
work situation. You are advised to consult the associated competency standard for further details
relating to the assessment strategies.
You may now start your learning. Have fun while you work!
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element it will provide you with the knowledge, skills and attitude required
to determine job requirements. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you through the various
activities so on completion you should be able to:
JOB REQUIREMENTS
As you engage in this activity you will realize that machine shop work usually relies on a lot of
drawings, and you should be able to read these special pictorial features.
• These drawings sometimes are sectional views, assembled drawings, or orthographic projections.
• There are lines, symbols, and surface finishes to indicate the appearance of the finished product.
Take a look at the drawings on the next page and take note of these special pictorial features:
ACTIVITY
MACHINE SELECTION
You always need to cut metals in the workshop and you can achieve this by any one of the
following machines: the horizontal band saw, the abrasive cut-off saw, the cold circular cut-off
saw, and the contour band saw.
Horizontal band saw - by far the most popular machine that you can use for metal cutting.
• It has a flexible blade that cuts in one direction, and its frame is attached to the motor end.
• It has two pulley wheels mounted on it that the continuous blade passes.
• To suit the type of material being cut there are step pulleys at the motor end that are used to
vary the speed of the blade.
• To accommodate various thicknesses of materials to be cut, roller guide brackets that can be
adjusted are used.
• To prevent the blade from breaking, the blade tension handle is used to adjust the blade’s
tension.
• To make angular cuts on a material’s end a vise mounted on the table that can be adjusted to
hold various material sizes is used .
Abrasive cut-off saw- uses a thin abrasive wheel revolving at high speed to cut materials.
• This machine is best used to cut most metals, glass, and ceramics.
• It cuts to close tolerances and can perform under any conditions; dry cutting or with a cutting
fluid that keeps the blade cool and produces a better finish.
Cold circular cut-off saw- is best suited for cutting aluminum, brass, copper, machine steel,
stainless steel, and produces a very accurate cut.
The machine utilizes a circular blade usually made from chrome-vanadium steel, and sometimes
carbide-tipped blades are used for other applications.
Contour band saw - this provides a continuous cutting action on the material.
• It has a base that supports the column and houses the drive assembly. It saves material by
cutting off wastes as solids instead of breaking them up into chips.
• The variable speed hand wheel varies the speed of the variable speed pulley that drives the
lower pulley, and it is used to regulate the speed of the band saw blade.
• The table tilt hand wheel is used to tilt the table when making angular cuts, 100 to the left and
450 to the right.
• The lower saw guide that prevents the blade from breaking supports the blade.
ACTIVITY
When you are loading the horizontal band saw, you place the material between the jaws of the
vise and a floor stand is used to support the material if necessary.
• Lower the blade of the saw until it just passes the material, and keep in this position with the
help of the ratchet lever.
• Adjust the roller guide brackets until they just past the material.
• The material is then measured to the length to be cut plus an additional length to compensate
for any angular cut by the blade.
Abrasive cut-off and cold circular cut-off saws- you move the cutting tool to an elevated position
at rest and the material placed between the jaws of the vise. The correct length plus an additional
length to compensate for any angular cut by the blade is marked and the vise tightened.
Contour band saw-the material to be cut is marked and placed on the table against holding jaws or a
block of wood.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
CHECKPOINT
ACTIVITY
Load and adjust the saw that is at your disposal under the
supervision of your learning facilitator.
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
3. I know how to load and adjust the machine for operation consistent
with standard operating procedures ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary knowledge, skills,
and attitudes to select/set up machinery and its tools. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you
through the different activities, so on completion you should be able to:
SELECT TOOL
To select an appropriate tool you should be knowledgeable of its construction, performance, and
usage.
• Saw blades are constructed of high-speed tungsten and high-speed molybdenum steel and are
completely hardened for use as power hacksaw blades, while blades for band saws have only
the saw teeth hardened.
• The blades are manufactured in various degrees of coarseness, 4 to 14 pitch with 4 being the
most coarse.
• A 4-pitch blade is used for cutting large sections, 14-pitch for tool steel and thin materials,
and 10-pitch for general sawing cutting.
• Metric blades are quoted in teeth per 25mm of length instead of per inch.
• It is recommended that a blade as coarse as possible should be chosen.
• Band saw blades are mainly carbon alloy, high- speed steel, and tungsten-carbide-tipped blades.
• For straight, accurate cuts, use a wide blade.
• Use a narrow blade for small radii, and use the widest blade that can cut the smallest radii on the
material when doing contour cutting.
• The length of the blade is usually cut from a coil, (about 30mm to 45mm length), and welded
together to form a continuous band.
INSTALL TOOL
Horizontal band saw-when installing a blade, you should make sure the blade’s teeth is pointed in
the direction that the saw travels or toward the motor end.
• The blade is loosened with the blade tension handle to prevent breaking and the adjustable
pulley wheel moved forward slightly.
• The blade is then mounted over the two pulleys with its teeth pointed toward the motor end.
• The blade is then placed between the guide bracket’s rollers, and the blade tension handle
tightened only just to hold the blade on the pulleys.
Contour band saw- the blade is inserted in the upper and lower saw guides with clearance (1/4 mm
to ½ mm) to allow free movement.
• The upper saw band carrier wheel is lowered so that the blade will slide over the wheels on
installation.
• The blade is mounted over the upper and lower wheels with the teeth pointing down toward the
table.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
ACTIVITY
Horizontal band saw-start and stop the machine quickly to allow the blade to revolve one or two
turns to seat the blade on the pulley.
• Tighten the blade tension handle as tight as possible.
• Bring the blade down on the material to the mark to start the cut, if off the mark, slightly
raise the blade and adjust the material so the blade is on the mark.
• Tighten the work in the vise as tight as is possible.
Contour band saw- adjust the upper wheel until tension is seen on the band tension indicator.
• The gearshift lever is set to neutral and the upper saw band wheel turned manually so that the
saw band is centered.
• The gearshift lever is then adjusted and the doors of the upper and lower carrier housing are
closed.
• The filler plate is replaced and the upper saw guide lowered on the material on the mark to start
the cut.
• The machine is started and the saw band adjusted to the correct tension by using the band
tension indicator and chart.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
CHECKPOINT
ACTIVITY
Set up and adjust the cutting machine with the help of your
learning facilitator.
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary knowledge, skills,
and attitudes to operate a mechanical cutting machine. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you
through the different activities, so on completion you should be able to:
If you need more than one piece of material with the same length, the stop gauge supplied with the
horizontal band saw may be set to achieve this length.
• Have a look at the diagram below and note the piece of material that is being sawn. Can you
picture the sawing action and the function of the stop gauge?
• The guard should also be placed over the blade when cutting.
• The saw guard for the contour band saw is found in the head of the machine
• Guards ensure that an element of safety is achieved while the operation is being carried out.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
ACTIVITY
Set the stop gauge on the cutting machine, following the direction of
the learning facilitator. Discuss the importance of adjusting it to the
correct length.
POSITION MATERIAL
You should always place the material in a vise and adjust it so that the mark coincides with the
cutting tool. The jaws of the vise are then tightened to secure the work. A floor stand may be used to
support the work if it is too long.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
ACTIVITY
Horizontal band saw-when setting up for cutting, start and stop the machine quickly to enable the
saw blade to revolve one or two turns to seat the blade on the pulley.
Contour band saw-the machine is started and stopped quickly to see how much tension is on the
blade. This is indicated on the band tension gauge.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0111A Use Power Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
USE MACHINE
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0111A Use Power Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
ACTIVITY
CUT MATERIAL
When you are cutting the material, be sure not to force the material on the saw blade or force down
the frame on the material. A wide range of cuts can be obtained by various settings of the machine.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
LUBRICANT
Large metal cutting machines usually have their own coolant to use on the work piece. If this is not
available on the machine that is being used, grease type lubricant or coolant may be used.
Ensure that you apply the lubricant directly to the cut in progress to prevent overheating of the blade
and that a smooth cut is achieved.
Safety Precautions
• The removal, measure, or mounting of the work should never be attempted while the
machine is running.
• Secure the material properly to prevent accidents.
• Cutting fluids should be used to reduce heat and to prolong the life of the blade.
• Never force the work piece on the blade.
• Never force the blade on the work piece.
• Rings and watches are not permitted around the machine.
CHECKPOINT
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
After all the adjustments have been made and all safety features are
in place, begin to cut the material under the close supervision of your
learning facilitator. Ensure that you follow all directions.
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No
LEARNING OUTCOMES
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary knowledge, skills,
and attitudes to check material for specification. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you
through the different activities, so on completion you should be able to:
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
After you completed cutting, the material is checked and measured to determine if the
specifications have been met. If not, the machine is adjusted to do further cutting on the material
to achieve the specifications.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0191A Use Hand Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
After the material is cut, measuring instruments are used to check its dimensions and tolerances.
Some of these used may be:
• Steel Rule
• Micrometer
• Vernier Caliper
• Gauges
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0111A Use Power Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
When cutting the material, measure the length with a small allowance for cutting. When doing
circular cutting add a small allowance on the material, for the part to be machined, to the correct
size on another machine.
Refer to: Learner guide for competency MEMCOR0111A Use Power Tools
(Ask your learning facilitator how to access this)
Use proper blade sizes and proper speeds when carrying out cutting, these are sometimes indicated
on the machine or in a manual.
Refer to: Krar, Steve F., Check, Albert F., Technology of Machine Tools, fifth edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1997 Pgs. 264-285
CHECKPOINT
ACTIVITY
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components by
doing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
Checklist 2 Yes No