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As = 736624/(0.5*413.69)
= 3562 mm2 (ADAPT 3569 mm2, B29, C6)
f’ci = 21 N/mm2
Allowable stresses were as 0.60*f’ci. Therefore, the maximum allowable stress is:
The maximum compressive stress, as shown in the Data Block 27, is 11.36 N/mm2
at X/L = 0.45 in span 1 and X/L = 0.55 in span 2.
11.36/21 = 0.54
The maximum stress is 0.54 *f’ci < 0.60 f’ci OK
5.12 DEFLECTION
5.12.1 Background
The longhand computation is broken into two parts. The first assumes, as its entry
value, the equivalent moment of inertia, Ie, computed by the software. The second
illustrates how the software computes Ie.
Consider the two-span beam shown in Fig 5.12-1. The particulars of the beam are:
f'c = 28 MPa
Ec = 24870 MPa
Concrete; normal weight = 2400 kg/m3
Creep/shrinkage factor = 2.0
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SPECIFIC VERIFICATION Chapter 5
FIGURE 5.12-1
The computed deflections by ADAPT-PT are given in Fig 5.12-2 graphically. The
graphs are a representation of the deflection computations at 1/20th points. The
1/20th point deflections for the dead loading are listed in file CDF_D.INT and the
combined deflections for dead and live loading are given in file CDF_DPSL.INT.
The values for the current problem are extracted from these files and divided by
modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ec) to get deflection and listed in Table 5.12-1.
In the regular output of ADAPT-PT, only the summary of maximum deflections of
each span is given (data block 14). For the current problem, this summary is
reproduced in Table 5.12-2. In the following, the deflection values of span 1 from
this table are a summary of the longhand computations.
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FIGURE 5.12-2
PT
FIGURE 5.12-3
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SPECIFIC VERIFICATION Chapter 5
The procedure adopted for deflection calculation is described next. Refer to Fig
5.12-3. The distance, t, offset to the tangent at A, from point B, is given by the
second equation of the moment-area method.
where, a, is the distance from support, A, the location at which the maximum
deflection occurs (wmax). The distance, a, is read from the Table 5.12-1. For the
current problem, this distance is 6300 mm. The user may verify that 6300 mm is the
maximum deflection by opening the deflection graph and clicking on the maximum
point. The X and Y coordinates of the point will display.
FIGURE 8.1-3
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Ai = Moment area each 1/20th subdivision (assumed as a trapezoid) (see Fig 5.12-3)
C = Centroid of each 1/20th subdivision (assumed as a trapezoid)
Xi = Moment arm of each 1/20th subdivision about point, B (see Fig 5.12-3)
Xi' = Moment arm of each 1/20th subdivision about point, D (see Fig 5.12-3)
==============================================================================
Applied moment (Ma), Cracked moment (Mcr), Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
Cracked I (Icr) and Effective I (Ie)
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SPECIFIC VERIFICATION Chapter 5
==============================================================================
Applied moment (Ma), Cracked moment (Mcr), Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
Cracked I (Icr) and Effective I (Ie)
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SPECIFIC VERIFICATION Chapter 5
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ADAPT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE SOFTWARE SYSTEM DATE: Dec 11,2008 TIME: 15:46
Data ID: Two-span Output File ID: DPSL_IE.INT
==============================================================================
Applied moment (Ma), Cracked moment (Mcr), Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
Cracked I (Icr) and Effective I (Ie)
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SPECIFIC VERIFICATION Chapter 5
In cases in which the live loading is skipped, an envelope for the live load
is calculated, and hence, the combined dead and live loading is
determined. In the computation of the equivalent moment of inertia, the
following conservative procedure is adopted. At a location where the
combined dead and skipped live load moment does not change sign, the
maximum value of the combined moment is used as Ma, since this
produces maximum deflection. At locations where the combined moment
changes sign, two values are computed for the equivalent moment of
inertia, Ie: one value uses the maximum positive moment, and the other
uses the maximum negative moment. Of the two values of computed Ie,
the smaller is used for deflection computation.
In addition to the geometry of the section, the location and amount of both the tension
and the compression reinforcement are necessary to compute Icr. Herein, Icr at the
section next to the second support(18th pint in Table 5.12-10) is hand calculated for
SW+PT combination. This section contains both negative and positive reinforcement.
Refer to Table 5.12-9.
For this combination since tension occurs at the bottom fiber of the section, indicated
by the positive moment in Table 5.12-10, the following are the primary equations used
in determining the cracking moment of inertia, Icr.
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