PARTÍCULA EN DESCENSO POR MONTAÑA RUSA.

FÍSICA APLICADA: MOVIMIENTOS Y CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS DE MECÁNICA CLASICA

APLICADOS A UNA MONTAÑA RUSA.

PRÁCTICA DE FÍSICA 1
DOCENTE: GILMAR ROLANDO ANAGUANO

GEFERSON DAVID LICONA ESCOBAR

JAVIER STIVEN ZAYAS FLOREZ
GUILLERMO ANDRESVERHELST HOYOS

UDEM
2019
 SUMMARY:
The present physics project consists of the experimental application of various concepts of theoretical
physics taught at the University of Medellín, in order to deepen the study and practice in real life of
said knowledge learned. It consists of the movement of a particle (small ball of negligible material) in
descent by a miniature model of a roller coaster with different sections along the route, to demonstrate
how concepts such as: Conservation of energy, speed, are applicable force, acceleration, coefficient of
friction, parabolic movement and collisions. The first part consists of the experimental design and
construction of the work model, then the theoretical analysis works (enrichment and deepening of
concepts) are carried out, and finally the calculation of variables, trial-error tests and final proposal to
the teacher of the physics practice 1.

ABSTRACT:
The present physics project consists of the experimental application of various concepts of theoretical
physics taught at the University of Medellín, in order to deepen the study and practice in real life of
said knowledge learned. It consists of the movement of a particle (small ball of negligible material) in
descent by a miniature model of a roller coaster with different sections along the route, to demonstrate
how concepts such as: Conservation of energy, speed, are applicable force, acceleration, coefficient of
friction, parabolic movement and collisions. The first part consists of the experimental design and
construction of the work model, then the theoretical analysis works (enrichment and deepening of
concepts) are carried out, and finally the calculation of variables, trial-error tests and final proposal to
the teacher of the physics practice 1.
SUMMARY
O presente projeto de física consiste na aplicação experimental de vários conceitos de física teórica
ensinados na Universidade de Medellín, a fim de aprofundar o estudo e a prática na vida real dos
referidos conhecimentos aprendidos. Consiste no movimento de uma partícula (pequena bola de
material desprezível) em descida por um modelo em miniatura de uma montanha-russa com diferentes
seções ao longo do percurso, para demonstrar como conceitos como: Conservação de energia,
velocidade, são aplicáveis força, aceleração, coeficiente de atrito, movimento parabólico e colisões. A
primeira parte consiste no delineamento experimental e construção do modelo de trabalho, em seguida
são realizados os trabalhos de análise teórica (enriquecimento e aprofundamento de conceitos) e,
finalmente, o cálculo das variáveis, testes de tentativa e erro e proposta final ao professor do prática de
física 1.
INTRODUCTION.
No person should be oblivious to knowing that we are governed by the laws of physics, and knowing
them allows us to make sense of many of our daily activities, such as walking, running, carrying a
heavy object with a friend, or climbing an end of week. Taking this into account, we all set up a work
team and set out to demonstrate many of these concepts in a simple but very complete classroom
project at the same time, which also serves us to review concepts learned in the theoretical class of the
Physics course 1 dictated at the University of Medellín.
Very popular concepts such as: Conservation of energy, speed, force, acceleration, coefficient of
friction, parabolic movement and collisions are participants in movements in super objects to study
physics: Roller coasters. These are governed by many of the laws of mechanics, and in a very
assimilable way we will demonstrate how they act on this popular attraction.
As a brief description "A daring accident", this is how many of the current roller coaster manufacturers
refer to the origin of this attraction, which came to light in 1885 thanks to a patent by LaMarcus Adna
Thompson who worked at a railway company and that on weekends, when the influx of passengers
went down, they used the tracks and trains as fun. Since then the changes around the design, planning
and manufacturing of roller coasters have evolved in a spectacular way, since it is not only about
offering fun, but about offering a unique and unrepeatable experience, something that you will not feel
in any other Place of the world. (ÁLVAREZ, 2015).
With the intention of making a scale model of this attraction specially adapted for the corresponding
physical analysis, we will use various types of materials that are easily accessible to anyone, low cost
and not so specific. All in order to make a very interesting proposal on a topic of these that has been of
considerable study by other researchers in this field.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
The most basic thing to begin with is to take into account the physical concepts that have been used in
the investigation.
What is the principle of energy conservation?
In physics, the term conservation refers to something that does not change. This means that the variable
in an equation that represents a conservative quantity is constant over time. It has the same value before
and after an event. (ACADEMY, 2017). In our case, in particular, our particle rises over a bridge to the
highest part where the route begins, this separation of the earth produces an increase in gravitational
potential energy, when released on the rails, it gradually increases its speed, that is, its gravitational
potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy, the energy associated with the movement of the
particle.

Speed, acceleration and force

One of the aspects they have in mind when designing a roller coaster is the force that the car exerts on
the passengers. This force is not constant but is related to the change of the car's speed, and therefore of
the passengers, along the route. It is the increase or decrease of this force, in relation to that
experienced at rest or with constant speed, which makes riding a roller coaster attractive to many
people. This change in speed over time, which can be in its magnitude or in its direction, is what is
called acceleration. (Antonio, 2015)
In the horizontal sections, without taking into account the friction for this case, the speed does not
change therefore there is no acceleration. The net force acting on the particle is zero. The force that
makes the particle up (Normal) is equal to the force that makes the Earth down, the weight of the
particle in this case.
In the horizontal curved sections, in the non-horizontal straight and in the non-horizontal curves there is
acceleration since the direction of the velocity, the magnitude of the velocity or both changes
respectively. The net force acting on the car is proportional to the acceleration and is represented in the
figure at several points along the route. (Antonio, 2015)
 Figura 1. FUERZA NETA EN DISTINTOS TRAMOS DE UNA M.R. TOMADA DE: https://divulgadores.com/fisica-y-montanas-rusas/

When an object describes a curved movement, several forces can act on it but it is necessary that the
sum of all of them be directed towards the interior of the curve it describes. If this net force is
perpendicular to the curve the velocity only changes direction, otherwise the velocity increases or
decreases its magnitude as seen in the figure.

Figura 2. FUERZA NETA Y EL CAMBIO DE LA VELOCIDAD EN MAGNITUD. TOMADA DE: https://divulgadores.com/fisica-y-montanas-rusas/

This net force can be broken down into two, one perpendicular to the curve and another tangent, so that
when added together they equal the first.

Figura 3. COMPONENTES DE LA F NETA Y CAMBIO EN MAGNITUD DE LA VELOCIDAD TOMADA DE: https://divulgadores.com/fisica-y-montanas-rusas/

The force perpendicular to the curve is called the centripetal force and is directly proportional to the
mass of the moving object and the square of the magnitude of the velocity and inversely proportional to
the radius of curvature.

Coefficient of friction applied to the roller coaster in a short section.

The friction in the roller coasters is seen between the rail and the car, this is very important since it
gives it the maximum acceleration and it is also the one that stops it. So the nature of that friction can
really be a matter of life or death. Without the force of friction the roller coaster would never stop.
Friction is generated at the moment when the car moves and operates in the opposite direction of that
movement. They can be the wheels on the track, the air that blows against the cars and other examples.
All work against the roller coaster's frontal movement even with the friction of the wheels. When cars
climb a hill, they have to fight against friction and gravity to reach the top, which is why they slow it
down. Once there, the friction is overcome, the potential energy becomes kinetic and the speed
increases until it reaches the bottom of the hill.

Bibliografía
ACADEMY, K. (2017). khanacademy.org. Recuperado el 29 de 08 de 2019, de
https://es.khanacademy.org/science/physics/work-and-energy/work-and-energy-tutorial/a/what-
is-conservation-of-energy
ÁLVAREZ, R. (15 de 06 de 2015). Magnet. Recuperado el 29 de 08 de 2019, de
https://magnet.xataka.com/en-diez-minutos/el-complejo-y-fascinante-arte-de-disenar-montanas-
rusas-que-te-hagan-suplicar-clemencia
antonio. (23 de 03 de 2015). divulgadores.com. Recuperado el 29 de 08 de 2019, de
https://divulgadores.com/fisica-y-montanas-rusas