BASIC ENGLISH The Past Tenses

COURSE 1  Simple Past

 Past Perfect
VERB – a word that  Past Continuous
expresses an action, a state  Past Perfect Continuous
of being or condition. The Future Tenses
KINDS OF VERB
 Simple Future
1. Linking Verb – connects  Future Perfect
a subject with words  Future Continuous
that rename or describe  Future Perfect Continuous
the subject.
2. Auxiliary Verb – also
known as helping verbs SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
3. Action Verb – a verb Rule 1: A verb agrees with
that expresses action. its subject in number.
TENSES OF VERB Rule 2: The number of the
The Present Tenses subject (singular or plural) is
not changed by words that
 Simple Present
come between the subject
 Present Perfect
and the verb.
 Present Continuous
 Present Perfect Continuous Rule 3: Some subjects
always take a singular verb
even though the meaning Rule 8: Expressions of time,
may seem plural. money, measurement, and
Rule 4: The following words weight are usually singular
may be singular or plural, when the amount is
depending upon their use in considered one unit.
a sentence, some, any, all, Rule 9: Some nouns, while
most, several, & few. plural in form, singular in
Rule 5: Subjects joined by meaning.
“and” are plural. Subjects Rule 10: Don’t and Doesn’t
joined by “or” or “nor” take must agree with the
a verb that agrees with the subject. Use doesn’t after
last subject. he, she, & it.
Rule 6: “There” and “Here”
are never subjects. In
sentences that begin with
these words, the subject is
usually found later on in the
sentence.
Rule 7: Collective nouns
may be singular or plural,
depending on their use in
the sentence.

READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
SITE OF THE FIRST MASS
*LIMASAWA
 The first Catholic mass in
the Philippines was on
Easter Sunday of March 31,
1521 officiated by Father
Pedro de Valderrama in the
shore of a town islet named
as Limasawa in the tip of
Southern Leyte.
 Limasawa is historic in that
the first Christian Mass in the
Far East was celebrated in
this island on March 31,
1521 by Ferdinand Magellan.
 In 1994, President Fidel V.
Ramos approved Republic
Act No. 7822 declaring
Limasawa as a Tourist Zone
in 1994.
 On March 1, 1994, National
Historical Institute Chairman
and Executive Director
Serafin D. Quiazon informed
that it upholds Limasawa as
the site of First Mass
representing “more credible
possibility until a
controversible evidence to
the contrary is established.”
*BUTUAN
 On Easter Sunday, March
31, 1521, a mass officiated
by the Augustinian Friar
Pedro Valderrama was
held on the shore of
Masao, Butuan, Agusan
del Norte. At sundown,
Magellan planted a
wooden cross on the
summit of a hill overlooking
the sea. He named the
country the Islas de San
Lazaro.
 Noted historian Dr. Sonia
M. Zaide presented the
evidence for Masao rather
than Limasawa [an island
in Southern Leyte] as the
site of the first recorded
mass in the Philippines.
*HOMONHON
 Jonathan Pading was
ordained as the first
Catholic priest from
Homonhon Island in
Guiuan town, Eastern
Samar.
  Pading celebrated his first
Mass of thanksgiving in
Homonhon Friday.
 Homonhon Island was
where Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan and
his men first landed in the
Philippines on March 16,
1521.
 Some even claim that the
first Mass may have been
celebrated in the island.
 The government, however,
declared Limasawa, an
island in the nearby
province of Southern
Leyte, as the site of the
first Mass on March 31.
*MAHABA ISLAND
 Another group of people in
northeastern Mindanao
claimed that Magellan's
expedition actually had the
"First Mass" in Mahaba
Island in Surigao del Norte:
 "It was recorded that when
he was nearing the shores
of Mindanao, Magellan
saw lights of a settlement
which he avoided and
sailed farther north
[actually south of Panaon
island] and anchored near
an island named Mazzava,
now mark on maps as
Mahaba Island, located at
latitude nine and two thirds
degrees.
 "Magellan during that time
was using an astrolabe to
determine his latitude
location and the accuracy
of this instrument was plus
or minus one degree. They
must have landed and then
check their latitude location
which was why they read
to one-third of a degree,
which they could not have
done [so] on a moving
ship. There was no way
during that time to
determine [the] longitude
as the chronometer which
could measure [the]
longitude was only
invented by James
Harrison, an Englishman,
in 1740.
CAVITE MUTINY
 Cavite Mutiny, (Jan. 20,
1872), brief uprising of
200 Filipino troops and
workers at
 the Cavite arsenal, which
became the excuse for
Spanish repression of the
embryonic Philippine
nationalist movement.
Ironically, the harsh
reaction of the Spanish
authorities served
ultimately to promote the
nationalist cause.
 One hundred and forty
years ago, on January 20,
1872, about 200 Filipino
military personnel of Fort
San Felipe Arsenal in
Cavite, Philippines, staged
a mutiny which in a way
led to the Philippine
Revolution in 1896. The
1872 Cavite Mutiny was
precipitated by the removal
of long-standing personal
benefits to the workers
such as tax (tribute) and
forced labor exemptions on
order from the Governor
General Rafael de
Izquierdo.
 Izquierdo used the mutiny
to implicate Gomburza and
other notable Filipinos
known for their liberal
leanings. Prominent
Filipinos such as priests,
professionals, and
businessmen were
arrested on flimsy and
trumped-up charges and
sentenced to prison, death,
or exile. These include
Joaquin Pardo de Tavera,
Jose Basa, and Antonio M.
Regidor. It was said that
the Cavite mutineers got
their cue from Manila when
they saw and heard
fireworks across the Manila
Bay which was really a
celebration of the feast of
the Lady of Loreto in
Sampaloc.
 When the Archbishop of
Manila, Rev. Meliton
Martinez, refused to
cooperate and defrock the
priests, the Spanish court-
martial on February 15
went ahead and
maliciously found Fathers
Gomez, Burgos, and
Zamora guilty of treason
for instigating the Cavite
mutiny. Two days later, the
three priests were put to
 death by garrotte in
Bagumbayan, now known
as Luneta. (Garrote was a
barbaric Spanish method
of execution in which an
iron collar was tightened
around the prisoner’s neck
until death occurred.)
 Father Burgos was of
Spanish descent, born in
the Philippines. He was a
parish priest of the Manila
Cathedral and had been
known to be close to the
liberal Governor General
de la Torre. He was 35
years old at the time and
was active and outspoken
in advocating the
Filipinization of the clergy.
He was quoted as saying,
“Why shall a young man
strive to rise in the
profession of law or
theology when he can
vision no future for himself
but obscurity?”
 Father Zamora, 37, was
also Spanish, born in the
Philippines. He was the
parish priest of Marikina
and was known to be
unfriendly to and would not
countenance any
arrogance or authoritative
behavior from Spaniards
coming from Spain. He
once snubbed a Spanish
governor who came to visit
Marikina.
 Father Gomez was an old
man in his mid-’70,
Chinese-Filipino, born in
Cavite. He held the most
senior position of the three
as Archbishop’s Vicar in
Cavite. He was truly
nationalistic and accepted
the death penalty calmly as
though it were his penance
for being pro-Filipinos.
 The three priests were
stripped of their albs, and
with chained hands and
feet were brought to their
cells after their sentence.
They received numerous
visits from folks coming
from Cavite, Bulacan, and
elsewhere. Forty thousand
Filipinos came to Luneta to
witness and quietly
condemn the execution,
and Gomburza became a
rallying catchword for the
down-trodden Filipinos
seeking justice and
freedom from Spain.
  In the dedication page of
his second book, El
Filibusterismo, published in
1891, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote,
“I dedicate my work to you
as victims of the evil which
I undertake to combat…”
 It is well to remember that
the seeds of nationalism
that was sown in Cavite
blossomed to the
Philippine Revolution and
later to the Declaration of
Independence by Emilio
Aguinaldo which took place
also in Cavite. As for me,
the 1872 Cavite Mutiny
bolstered the stereotypical
belief that Caviteños were
the most courageous of my
fellow Filipinos.
RETRACTION OF RIZAL
 The document of the
retraction of Jose Rizal,
too, is being hotly debated
as to its authenticity.
It was supposed to
have been signed by Jose
Rizal moments before his
death. There were many
witnesses, most of them
Jesuits. The document
only surfaced for public
viewing on May 13, 1935.
It was found by Fr. Manuel
A. Gracia at the Catholic
hierarchy’s archive in
Manila. But the original
document was never
shown to the public, only
reproductions of it.
However, Fr. Pio Pi, a
Spanish Jesuit,
reported that as early as
1907, the retraction of
Rizal was copied verbatim
and published in Spain,
and reprinted in Manila. Fr.
Gracia, who found the
original document, also
copied it verbatim.
In both reproductions,
there were conflicting
versions of the text. Add to
this the date of the signing
was very clear in the
original Spanish document
which Rizal supposedly
signed. The date was
“December 29, 1890.”
Later, another
supposedly original
 document surfaced, it
bears the date “December
29, 189C”. The number “0”
was evidently altered to
make it look like a letter C.
Then still later, another
supposedly original version
came up. It has the date
“December 29, 1896”. This
time, the “0” became a “6”.
CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
 The Cry of
balintawak (Filipino: Siga
w ng Pugad Lawin),
alternately and originally
referred to as the Cry of
Balintawak (Filipino: Siga
w ng
Balíntawak, Spanish: Grito
de Balíntawak), was the
beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against
the Spanish Empire.
 Originally the term "cry"
referred to the first clash
between the Katipuneros
and the Civil
Guards (Guardia Civil).
The cry could also refer to
the tearing up
of community tax
certificates (cédulas
personales) in defiance of
their allegiance to Spain.
This was literally
accompanied by patriotic
shouts.
 The Cry is commemorated
as National Heroes' Day,
a public holiday in the
Philippines.[7]
 The first annual
commemoration of the Cry
occurred in Balintawak in
1908 after the American
colonial government
repealed the Sedition Law.
In 1911 a monument to the
Cry (a lone Katipunero
popularly identified with
Bonifacio) was erected at
Balintawak; it was later
transferred to Vinzons Hall
in the University of the
Philippines-Diliman,
Quezon City. In 1984,
the National Historical
Institute of the
Philippines installed a
commemorative plaque in
Pugad Lawin.
CONTEMPORARY *Reasons why people
WORLD migrate
 Disaster
 Poverty
*Richest Country
 Health
 Luxembourg  Family
 119719(GDP per capita)  Job Opportunities
*Agreement ASEAN *3 types of market
summit integration
*ASEAN Members 1. Horizontal integration
2. Vertical integration
 Indonesia
3. Conglomeration
 Thailand
 Singapore *2 major goals of UN
 Malaysia
 Philippines
*Why global education
 Vietnam is important?


Myanmar (Burma)
Brunei
 Global education is a set
of ideas taught to enhance
 Cambodia
one's perception of the
 Laos world. It is taught within the
*3 Pillars of ASEAN curriculum where teachers
integrate multiple
1. ASEAN Political-Security dimensions, perspectives,
Community (APSC) and citizenships into
2. ASEAN Economic everyday lessons.
Community (AEC)
 Global learning
3. ASEAN Socio-Cultural
encourages awareness
Community (ASCC)
and critical thinking about
 issues such as poverty,
climate change, religious
and cultural differences,
world trade and politics.
*Diff. of GDP & GNP
 GDP (Gross Domestic
Product) is a measure of
(national income = national
output = national
expenditure) produced in a
particular country.
 GNP = GDP + net property
income from abroad. This
net income from abroad
includes dividends, interest
and profit. GNP includes
the value of all goods and
services produced by
nationals – whether in the
country or not.
*Role of Religion in our
society
 The role of religion in
society is definitely a
dynamic one. The
relationship between both
religion and society is
always changing. Religion
effects different societies in
different ways and different
forms, causing the forms of
society to change
according to a change in
religion.
 Religion maintains social
solidarity and value
consensus amongst a
society's population and
this helps maintain the well-
being of society.
*Effects of information
revolution
*What is global
migration in
contemporary world?
 Global Migration. Moving
from one place to another
is a protected human right.
Human beings have
always moved from one
place to another. The
freedom to move is so
precious that it is a
protected human
right. Immigration is when
a person freely chooses to
move to another place.