Tugas 1

1．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt,
sour cream, and vinegar.
Pembahasan Jawaban: such that --> such as
Pasangan phrase

2. Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard
pitch or to sing a specified note at will.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is
anyone (singular) + is (singular)

3. Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling
to by their tails.
Pembahasan Jawaban: cling to --> cling (double to)
Adjective clause.
dua bentuk: (1) to which they cling by their tails (2) which they cling to by their tails. Bentuk
pertama umum digunakan untuk situasi formal.

4. Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls, which allowing for further growth.
Pembahasan Jawaban: allowing (adjective / present participle) --> allow (verb)
Adjective clause: Connector/Subject + Verb à which (connector/subject)

5. T.S.Elot, who a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor was a leader of
the Modernist movement in poetry.
Pembahasan Jawaban: who --> dihilangkan saja
Appositive: noun (phrase) yang menjelaskan noun lainnya (yang umumnya posisi subject dalam
soal TOEFL)

6. The Pacific Ocean comprises almost the entire boundary western of North and South America.
Pembahasan Jawaban: boundary western --> western boundary
Noun phrase: Adjective +noun

7．Established in 1948, the State University of New York is the singly largest
university system in the United States.
Pembahasan Jawaban: singly largest --> single largest
Pasangan phrase

8. Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature, records the visible world,
and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.
Pembahasan Jawaban: extension --> extends
Parallel Structure: disseminates (verb), records (verb), extends (verb)

9. Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American
West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.
Pembahasan Jawaban: economically (adverb) --> economical (adjective) | rapidly (adverb)
changing (adjective) economically (adverb) fortunes (noun)
Noun Phrase: adverb + adjective + noun

10. Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given, neither to cure
the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.
Pembahasan Jawaban: neither --> either
Paired Conjunction: either .. or ... , neither ... nor, both ... and

11. Calcium is essential for blood clotting, for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal
contraction and relax of muscles.
Pembahasan Jawaban: relax (verb) --> relaxation (noun)
1. for the relaxation of muscles (preposition + noun)
2. the noun + of + noun

12. The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval
art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.
Pembahasan Jawaban: much --> many
Much + singular nouns (uncountable); many + plural nouns (countable)

13. The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated
into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.
Pembahasan Jawaban: analyst (person) --> analysis (thing)
Noun: sesuaikan posisi kata.

14. Today, fifty years after its construction, the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in
normal year.
Pembahasan Jawaban: in normal --> in a normal
Noun: year merupakan countable noun. Jadi mesti ada artikel untuk mengetahui secara pasti
berapa tahun (year) yang dimaksud. Artikel yang bisa digunakan dapat berupa: a, an, the.
Disesuaikan makna kalimat.

15. Since prehistoric times, artists have been arranged colors on surfaces in ways that
express their ideas about people, the world, and religion.
Pembahasan Jawaban: have been arranged (telah diatur) -> have arranged (telah mengatur)
Passive Voice:

16. Few substances look less alike than coal and diamonds, yet both are fashioned from same
elemental carbon.
Pembahasan Jawaban: from same à from the same
Same umumnya bersama dengan the -à the same

17. Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such
as falling barometric pressure, increase cloud cover, and rising humidity.
Pembahasan Jawaban: increase (to infinitive) à increasing (gerund)
Parallel Structure: falling (gerund), increasing, rising (gerund)
18. Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming
minerals.
Pembahasan Jawaban: crystallized à crystallize atau be crystallized
Makna yang diminta kalimat adalah makna pasif. Jika Noun + to + infinitive maka to infinitive
bermakna pasif. Contoh lain: this is the best book to read (inilah buku yang paling bagus untuk
dibaca)

19. European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests,
grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.
Pembahasan Jawaban: 3,000 miles forests à 3,000 mile forests
Ingat noun yang berfungsi / berposisi adjective tidak menggunakan tambahn -S

20. Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic
value and importance in life.
Pembahasan Jawaban: true (adjective) – truth (noun)
Preposition + noun (of + truth)

21. In this world of high technology, it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever
developed for learning is still the book.
Pembahasan Jawaban: tools (plural) à tool (singular) disesuaikan dengan kata kerja is
(singular)
Subject Verb Agreement: singular subject + singular verb; plural subject + plural verb

22. The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.
Pembahasan Jawaban: percentage --> percent

23. Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal
region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.
Which à in which
Pembahasan Jawaban: adjective clause: located in
Ada dua bentuk: (1) in which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located (Formal); (2)
which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located in (Informal)

24. The Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes
with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.
Pembahasan Jawaban: they à their
Penggunaan Pronoun: they + verb; their + noun

25. In the late 1800’s, United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad, powerful
Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.
Pembahasan Jawaban: develop (present tense) à developed (past tense)
Tense: in the late 1800’s menandakan waktu yang lampau (past)
Tugas 2
1. Lake trout, fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and are covered with
pale spots.
Kunci Jawaban: finding --> found
Topik Materi: Kesalahan dalam Past Participle dan Present Participle
Permasalahan: Kesalahan dalam soal TOEFL ialah di mana letak past participle dan present
participle ditukar. Kadang yang dimunculkan di soal ialah past participle sementara yang
dibutuhkan ialah present participle. Kadang pula soal menggunakan present participle padahal
yang dibutuhkan ialah past participle.
Penjelasan: Past Participle dan Present Participle dalam kalimat berfungsi sebagai adjective
yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya. Present Participle bermakna aktif sedangkan Past Participle
bermakna pasif.
Solusi:
Solusi dalam menjawab soal ini ialah dengan memahami makna dari noun dan particple yang
menjelaskannya.
- fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes = ikan-ikan yang biasanya menemukan di danau-danau
dingin yang dalam {Present Participle bermakna aktif)
- fish usually found in deep, cool lakes = ikan-ikan yang biasanya ditemukan di danau-danau
dingin yang dalam {Past Participle bermakna pasif)

Bagaimana jika Anda sulit untuk memahami terjemahannya?

Tips Solusi
Jika noun yang dijelaskan berupa orang, biasanya digunakan present participle.
Jika noun yang dijelaskan bukanberupa orang (benda atau hewan), biasanya digunakan
pastparticiple.

2. During the first 20 years of the space age, the United States spent more than 90 billion dollars
onto its civilian and military space programs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: onto --> on
Topik Materi: Kesalahan dalam Preposition
Permasalahan:
Spend + on

3. Vitamin A and C and most of the B vitamins are retain in foods that have been canned.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are retain --> are retained
Topic: Be + V III (Passive Voice)

4. Ella Baker spent her adult life working for social change by lecturing, writing, teacher,and
organizing adult literacy programs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: teacher --> teaching
Topic: Parallel Structure in Gerund
5. Gold can combined with silver in any proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent silver are
the strongest.
Pembahasan Jawaban: can combined --> can be combined
Topic: Modal + be + V III / Modal + V I

6. The camera obscure, a lensless precursor of the photographic camera, consists of a darkened
chamber, with light pass into it through a single tiny hole.
Pembahasan Jawaban: pass --> passing atau that passes
Topic: Reduction in adjective clause atau present participle

7. Lumber production was the main industry in Michigan until the early 1900`s, which the
automobile industry was established in Detroit.
Pembahasan Jawaban: which --> when
Topic: adjective clause

8. Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every day is very effect in helping a person to maintain
physical fitness.
Pembahasan Jawaban: effect --> effective
Topic: Pemilihan kata (Word Choice)
very

9. It was not until after Emily Dickenson’ s death in 1886 that, hidden away in her bureau, overly
one thousand unpublished poems were discovered.
Pembahasan Jawaban: overly --> over
Topic: Pemilihan kata (Word Choice)

10. Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks because the magma form
which they form often intrudes into neighboring rock.
Pembahasan Jawaban: form --> formed
Topic: Reduction in adjective clause atau past participle

11. Most fish swim by moving their tails from side to side, with little relatively body undulation.
Pembahasan Jawaban: little relatively --> relatively little
Topic: Posisi Adverb yang menjelaskan Adjective
Adverb + Adjective bukan adjective + adverb

12. In its life expectancy, although in most other things, the Sun is a typical star.
Pembahasan Jawaban: although --> and
Topic: Pemilihan conjunction
Although +
13. Machines need energy to function, whether it is animal or human muscle, wind or waters
currents, or heat-generated energy, such as steam.
Pembahasan Jawaban: waters --> water
Topic: Uncountable Noun

14. The modern violin, the smallest and versatile instrument in the violin family, is tuned in fifths
and produces tones ranging over four and a half octaves.
Pembahasan Jawaban: versatile --> most versatile
Topic: Superlative Degree

15. Norman Rockwell was a meticulous artist who paintings portrayed family incidents and well-
defined characters with a wealth of supporting details.
Pembahasan Jawaban: who --> whose
Topic: Adjective clause

16. By the late twelve century, stained glass had emerged in Europe as an integral part of Gothic
architecture.
Pembahasan Jawaban: twelve --> twelfth
Topic: Noun phrase --> Adjective + noun
twelve (noun) & twelfth (adjective)

17. The United States, a nation with a highly diversified economy, is a major exporter of grain,
fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars.
Pembahasan Jawaban: chemical --> chemicals
Topic: 1. Countable noun; 2. Penggunaan article; 3. Parallel Structure; 4. Noun

18. Canada began cultivation wheat intensively in 1910, which led to a demand for tools,
machines, housing, and building supplies.
Pembahasan Jawaban: cultivation --> cultivating
Topic: Begun + Gerund

19. Magnesium has little structural strength and must be alloyed with another metals such as
aluminum and zinc when it is to be subjected to stress.
Pembahasan Jawaban: another --> other
Topic: Penggunaan another, other, others, the other

20. Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to mature before they sprout, and the young plants
may need another two years to reach at the flowering stage.
Pembahasan Jawaban: reach at --> reach
Topic: Intransitive Verb -tanpa ada preposition memisahkan antar verb dan object
21. The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C, the White House was originally constructed in
the 1790`s, also has been rebuilt or extensively remodeled three times since.
Pembahasan Jawaban: also --> and
Topic: connector
Dua clause butuh 1 connector. 'also' bukanlah connector tapi adverb

22. Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell divides, each new cell ending up with a same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Pembahasan Jawaban: a --> the
Topic: a number vs the number
a number = a lot of
the number = total / quantity

23. There are a series of large-scale wind patterns all over Earth are called prevailing winds that
have a direct effect on weather and climate.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are called --> that are called atau called
Topic: Adjective clause (reduction) atau past participle

24. In June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in the Bear
Flag Revolt and proclaiming California an independent republic.
Pembahasan Jawaban: proclaiming --> proclaimed
Topic: Parallel structure --> rebelled & proclaimed

25. A mutation is result of a definite biochemical change in a gene that causes the offspring to
vary in some characteristic from the parents.
Pembahasan Jawaban: is result --> is the result
Topic: Article / noun
'result' merupakan countable noun yang singular. Sebuah countable noun yang singular tidak
dibolehkan berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya article atau determiner sebelumnya.

Tugas 3
1. By 1899 Ransom olds had establish in Detroit, Michigan, the first factory in the United States
for the manufacture of automobiles.
Kunci Jawaban: establish --> established
Topik Materi: Past Perfect (Had + past participle/VIII)
Permasalahan: seperti Have dan Has, Had mesti ketemu dengan kata kerja ke 3 (VERB IIII /
Past Participle) seperti "established" bukannnya dengan kata kerja pertama (V I/Simple Form)
seperti "establish".

2. The progressive Movement is an umbrella tern refer to a number

of reform efforts that emerged in the early 1900’s.
Kunci Jawaban: refer --> referring atau that refers
Topik Materi: Present Participle atau Adjective Clause
Pelajari ke tiga jenis clause di link Subordinating Conjunction
Permasalahan: "is" merupakan kata kerja dari subject "the progressive movement". Sementara
jika menggunakan "refer" maka akan menimbulkan error "double verb". Jadi, kita butuh 1
conjunction (that).
Tips: 2 verb atau 2 clause butuh 1 connector (conjunction). 3 verb atau 3 clause butuh
2 connector (conjunction).

3. The pelican is a water bird with a large pouch attached to its bill, which it uses as a
scoop for catch small fish.
Kunci Jawaban: for à to
Topik Materi: perbedaan penggunaan “for” dan “to”.
Penjelasan: “for” dan “to” mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu “untuk”. Secara umum, untuk
menyatakan sebuah tujuan, kata yang digunakan ialah “to”. “For” boleh saja digunakan tapi lebih
terkhusus ke tujuan penggunaan (fungsi) umum dari suatu benda. Dalam konteks kalimat di atas,
“to” dan “for” boleh saja digunakan. Lihat perbedaannya berikut
Tips & Trik: Bentuk pola (pattern) structure “to” dan “for” mempunyai perbedaan.
For + Verb-ing à for catching small fish
For + Noun à for a catch of small fish
To + Simple Form (infinitive) à to catch small fish
I went to the library to study last night. (√)
I went to the library for studying last night. (x)

4. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate glass, and steel in the mid-1800’s was enabled
architects to design and build extremely tall constructions, or “skyscrapers.”
Kunci Jawaban: was enabled --> enabled
Topik Materi: Passive Voice
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik: Lihat pola passive voice
Subject + Be + VIII + (Preposition + Noun)

5. Acoustics, the study of sounds, is one of the oldest of the physically sciences.
Kunci Jawaban: physically --> physical
Topik Materi: Posisi Adjective dan Adverb
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

6. Each of functions of the body, even thinking, requires the expenditure of energy.
Kunci Jawaban: of functions --> of the functions
Topik Materi: Definite & Indefinite Article
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik: Jangan pernah biarkan Countable Noun berdiri sendiri tanpa ada article atau
possessive adjective.

7. Gourds were introduced to what is now the southwestern United States by earliest peoples
who migrated north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
Kunci Jawaban: earliest --> the earliest
Topik Materi: Definite & Indefinite Article
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

8. The economic heart of Canada, Ontario accounts for more than 40 percentage of the nation’s
productive capacity.
Kunci Jawaban: percentage --> percent
Topik Materi: percent VS percentage
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

9. Virtually all parts moving of an automobile need to be lubricated because, without lubrication,
friction would increase power consumption and damage the parts.
Kunci Jawaban: parts moving --> moving parts
Topik Materi: Posisi adjective
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

10. Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on society as the
rapid grow of electronics.
Kunci Jawaban: grow --> growth
Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Verb VS Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

11. The North American Review, a magazine was first published in 1815, was one of the leading
literary journals of the past woe centuries.
Kunci Jawaban: magazine was --> magazine atau magazine that was
Topik Materi: Appositive atau (Reduced) Adjective Clause
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

12. Fuel is any substance or material that reacts chemically with another substance or material to
produce hot.
Kunci Jawaban: hot --> heat
Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Adjective VS Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

13. Glint was a favored material of prehistoric humans, which used it to make tools and
weapons, because it would chip into shapes with sharp edges.
Kunci Jawaban: which --> who
Topik Materi: Adjective Clause
Pelajari ke tiga jenis clause di link Subordinating Conjunction
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

14. Mutiny of a ship’s crew against the captain signifies the breakdown of
the obedience and discipline required to deal effectively to perils at eat.
Kunci Jawaban: to --> with [deal to --> deal with]
Topik Materi: preposition atau phrasal verbs
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

15. Of all the art-related reference and research library in North America, that of the
Metropolitan Museum of a Art in New York City is among the largest and most complete.
Kunci Jawaban: library --> libraries
Topik Materi: Plural or singular Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

16. Acclimatization is the process by which an organism adjusts to living in an

environment to which it normally unsuited.
Kunci Jawaban: it normally --> it is normally
Topik Materi: Passive Voice
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

17. Glaciers, mass of ice that flow outward from ice caps, cover about one-tenth of
earth’s land area.
Kunci Jawaban: mass --> masses
Topik Materi: singular or plural noun atau pronoun preference
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

18. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on such simply compounds as alcohol.
Kunci Jawaban: simply --> simple
Topik Materi: Penggunaan atau posisi dari adjective dan adverb
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

19. In 1923 Alice Paul began campaign to promote the adoption of an amendment to the United
States Constitution mandating equal rights for women.
Kunci Jawaban: an amendment --> the amendment
Topik Materi: Article
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

20. Perhaps more than any other United States city, San Francisco is a collection
of neighborhood.
Kunci Jawaban: neighborhood --> neighborhoods
Topik Materi:
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

21. Almost every the hereditary material of an individual organism resides in the chromosomes.
Kunci Jawaban: every --> each of
Topik Materi: Every VS Each
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

22. Only with early seventeenth-century observers did the music of the original inhabitants of the
United States and Canada entered recorded history.
Kunci Jawaban: entered --> enter
Topik Materi: Inversion of negative expressions
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

23. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most important
reasons for their success is their well-developed sensory system.
Kunci Jawaban: features --> feature
Topik Materi: singular vs plural noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

24. The major economic activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, include transportation, chemicals,
tourism, but governmental activities.
Kunci Jawaban: but --> and
Topik Materi: coordinate conjunction (parallel)
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

25. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar Allan Poe is among the most familiar of
American writers and one of the most enigmatic.
Kunci Jawaban: poetry --> poet
Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Noun thing dan Noun People
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
TUGAS 1
1. Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt,
sour cream, and vinegar.
2. Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard
pitch or to sing a specified note at will.
3. Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling
to by their tails.
4. Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls, which allowing for further growth.
5. T.S.Elot, who a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor was a leader of
the Modernist movement in poetry.
6. The Pacific Ocean comprises almost the entire boundary western of North and South America.
7. Established in 1948, the State University of New York is the singly largest
university system in the United States.
8. Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature, records the visible world,
and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.
9. Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American
West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.
10. Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given, neither to cure
the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.
11. Calcium is essential for blood clotting, for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal
contraction and relax of muscles.
12. The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval
art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.
13. The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated
into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.
14. Today, fifty years after its construction, the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in
normal year.
15. Since prehistoric times, artists have been arranged colors on surfaces in ways that
express their ideas about people, the world, and religion.
16. Few substances look less alike than coal and diamonds, yet both are fashioned from same
elemental carbon.
17. Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such
as falling barometric pressure, increase cloud cover, and rising humidity.
18. Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming
minerals.
19. European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests,
grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.
20. Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic
value and importance in life.
21. In this world of high technology, it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever
developed for learning is still the book.
22. The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.
23. Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal
region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.
Which à in which
24. The Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes
with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.
25. In the late 1800’s, United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad, powerful
Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.
TUGAS 2
1. Lake trout, fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and are covered with
pale spots.
2. During the first 20 years of the space age, the United States spent more than 90 billion dollars
onto its civilian and military space programs.
3. Vitamin A and C and most of the B vitamins are retain in foods that have been canned.
4. Ella Baker spent her adult life working for social change by lecturing, writing, teacher,and
organizing adult literacy programs.
5. Gold can combined with silver in any proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent silver are
the strongest.
6. The camera obscure, a lensless precursor of the photographic camera, consists of a darkened
chamber, with light pass into it through a single tiny hole.
7. Lumber production was the main industry in Michigan until the early 1900`s, which the
automobile industry was established in Detroit.
8. Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every day is very effect in helping a person to maintain
physical fitness.
9. It was not until after Emily Dickenson’s death in 1886 that, hidden away in her bureau, overly
one thousand unpublished poems were discovered.
10. Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks because the magma form
which they form often intrudes into neighboring rock.
11. Most fish swim by moving their tails from side to side, with little relatively body undulation.
12. In its life expectancy, although in most other things, the Sun is a typical star.
13. Machines need energy to function, whether it is animal or human muscle, wind or waters
currents, or heat-generated energy, such as steam.
14. The modern violin, the smallest and versatile instrument in the violin family, is tuned in fifths
and produces tones ranging over four and a half octaves.
15. Norman Rockwell was a meticulous artist who paintings portrayed family incidents and well-
defined characters with a wealth of supporting details.
16. By the late twelve century, stained glass had emerged in Europe as an integral part of Gothic
architecture.
17. The United States, a nation with a highly diversified economy, is a major exporter of grain,
fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars.
18. Canada began cultivation wheat intensively in 1910, which led to a demand for tools,
machines, housing, and building supplies.
19. Magnesium has little structural strength and must be alloyed with another metals such as
aluminum and zinc when it is to be subjected to stress.
20. Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to mature before they sprout, and the young plants
may need another two years to reach at the flowering stage.
21. The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C, the White House was originally constructed in
the 1790`s, also has been rebuilt or extensively remodeled three times since.
22. Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell divides, each new cell ending up with a same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
23. There are a series of large-scale wind patterns all over Earth are called prevailing winds that
have a direct effect on weather and climate.
24. In June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in the Bear
Flag Revolt and proclaiming California an independent republic.
25. A mutation is result of a definite biochemical change in a gene that causes the offspring to
vary in some characteristic from the parents.

TUGAS 3
1. By 1899 Ransom olds had establish in Detroit, Michigan, the first factory in the United States
for the manufacture of automobiles.
2. The progressive Movement is an umbrella tern refer to a number
of reform efforts that emerged in the early 1900’s.
3. The pelican is a water bird with a large pouch attached to its bill, which it uses as a
scoop for catch small fish.
4. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate glass, and steel in the mid-1800’s was enabled
architects to design and build extremely tall constructions, or “skyscrapers.”
5. Acoustics, the study of sounds, is one of the oldest of the physically sciences.
6. Each of functions of the body, even thinking, requires the expenditure of energy.
7. Gourds were introduced to what is now the southwestern United States by earliest peoples
who migrated north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
8. The economic heart of Canada, Ontario accounts for more than 40 percentage of the nation’s
productive capacity.
9. Virtually all parts moving of an automobile need to be lubricated because, without lubrication,
friction would increase power consumption and damage the parts.
10. Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on society as the
rapid grow of electronics.
11. The North American Review, a magazine was first published in 1815, was one of the leading
literary journals of the past woe centuries.
12. Fuel is any substance or material that reacts chemically with another substance or material to
produce hot.
13. Glint was a favored material of prehistoric humans, which used it to make tools and
weapons, because it would chip into shapes with sharp edges.
14. Mutiny of a ship’s crew against the captain signifies the breakdown of
the obedience and discipline required to deal effectively to perils at eat.
15. Of all the art-related reference and research library in North America, that of the
Metropolitan Museum of a Art in New York City is among the largest and most complete.
16. Acclimatization is the process by which an organism adjusts to living in an
environment to which it normally unsuited.
17. Glaciers, mass of ice that flow outward from ice caps, cover about one-tenth of
earth’s land area.
18. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on such simply compounds as alcohol.
19. In 1923 Alice Paul began campaign to promote the adoption of an amendment to the United
States Constitution mandating equal rights for women.
20. Perhaps more than any other United States city, San Francisco is a collection
of neighborhood.
21. Almost every the hereditary material of an individual organism resides in the chromosomes.
22. Only with early seventeenth-century observers did the music of the original inhabitants of the
United States and Canada entered recorded history.
23. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most important
reasons for their success is their well-developed sensory system.
24. The major economic activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, include transportation, chemicals,
tourism, but governmental activities.
25. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar Allan Poe is among the most familiar of
American writers and one of the most enigmatic.