PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

PREBOARD B

TEACHING PROFESSION

1. Which are elements of profession like teaching?

I. Long years of professional education
II. Passing the competency-based examination to obtain diploma from TESDA
III. Continuing professional development
IV. Adhere to a code of ethics for the professional group

A. I, II and IV
B. I, II and III
C. I, III and IV
D. II, III and IV
RATIONALIZATION:
The following are the nine elements of professionalism.
1. Initial Professional Education – Professionals generally begin their professional lives by completing
a university program in their chosen fields – law school, medical school, engineering school, and
so on.
2. Accreditation – University programs are accredited by oversight bodies that determine whether the
programs provide adequate education. Accreditation assures that graduates from accredited
programs start their professional lives with the knowledge they need to perform effectively. The
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) oversees engineering programs.
3. Skills Development – For most professions, education alone is not sufficient to develop full
professional capabilities. Nascent professionals need practice applying their knowledge before
they are prepared to take primary responsibility for performing work in their fields. Physicians have
a three-year residency. Certified public accountants (CPAs) must work one year for a board-
approved organization before receiving their licenses. Professional engineers must have at least
four years of work experience. Requiring some kind of apprenticeship assures that people who
enter a profession have practive performing work at a satisfactory level of competence.
4. Certification – After completion of education and skills development, a professional is required to
pass one or more exams that assure the person has attained a minimum level of knowledge. Doctors
take board exams. Accountants take CPA exams. Professional engineers take a Fundamentals of
Engineering exam at college graduation time and then take an engineering specialty exam about
four years later. Some professions require recertification from time to time.
5. Licensing – Licensing is similar to certification except that it is mandatory instead of voluntary and
is administered by a governmental authority. [Only licensed professionals can be found guilty of
malpractice but following generally accepted practices of your profession can be a defense against
accusations of malpractice. Non-licensed workers are rarely sued for poor work, except in extreme
cases of neglect or intent to harm; usually the company employing the worker is sued if its workers
produce defective products. Dissatisfied customers can sue the licensed professional AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, in addition to suing their employer. Along with licensing comes malpractice insurance,
to allow the licensed professional to practice his or her craft without fear of personal bankruptcy.
6. Professional Development – Many professions are required to keep their professional education
current. Ongoing professional education maintains or improves workers’ knowledge and skills after
they begin professional practice. Professional development requirements tend to be strongest in
professions where a body of technical knowledge is rapidly changing. Medicine is perhaps the most
notable because of the constant improvements in drugs, therapies, medical equipment, and
diagnosis and treatment procedures. After a professional’s initial education and skills development
are complete, this additional education requirement helps to assure a minimum competency
throughout the professional’s career.
7. Professional Societies – Professionals see themselves as part of a community of like-minded
individuals who put their professional standards above the individual self-interest or their
employer’s self-interest. When a professional society is just beginning, it usually promotes the
exchange of knowledge, and over time its function evolves to include defining certification criteria,
managing certification programs, establishing accreditation standards, and defining a code of
ethics and disciplinary action for violations of that code.
8. Code of Ethics – Each profession has a code of ethics to ensure that its practitioners behave
responsibly. The code states not just what its practitioners actually do but what they should do.
Professionals can be ejected from their professional societies or lose their licenses to practice for
violating the code of ethics. Adherence to a recognized code of conduct helps professionals feel
they belong to a well-regarded community, and enforcement of ethics standards helps maintain a
minimum level of conduct.
9. Organizational Certification – In many professions, not only must individuals be certified, their
organizations must be certified. Accounting firms are peer reviewed. Hospitals are accredited, as
are universities. For fields as complex as accounting, education, and medicine, organizational
certification is a response to the reality that individual competence is not sufficient to guarantee
adequate levels of professional service; organizational characteristics can have as much influence
as individuals’ characteristics.
 2. Which of the following is true of the teaching profession?
A. Noblest profession
B. Highest paid profession
C. Most lucrative profession
D. Highest level of public service
RATIONALIZATION:
Teaching is the noblest among all the professions since all professionals underwent education with a
teacher. It’s also a process to prepare the next generation of skilled professionals and workers like
politician, engineers, doctors, policemen, priests, educators, legislators and good citizens. Teaching,
therefore, is considered as a means for which God uses a teacher as an instrument to touch lives.

3. Who among these graduates is not qualified to take the Licensure Examination for Teacher (LET)?
A. Bachelor of Science in Mathematics
B. Bachelor of Elementary Education
C. Associate in Arts
D. Bachelor of Agricultural Education
RATIONALIZATION:
A Bachelor’s Degree is required for an individual to be admitted to the Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET).

Republic Act 9293 – “AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SEVENTY-
EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX (R.A. NO. 7836), OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “PHILIPPINE
TEACHERS PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF 1994”

SECTION 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836 is hereby amended as follows:
“SEC. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. – No applicant shall be admitted to take the
examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following
requirements:
“(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government and possesses the
minimum educational qualifications, as follows:

(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its
equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary education (BSEED)
or its equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or its equivalent with a
major and minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen (18) units in
professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s degree in the field of
specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education.”

4. Is an alien qualified to take the Licensure Examination for Teachers?

A. Yes, provided his/her country has reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching
profession.
B. Yes, provided he/she is a teacher education graduate.
C. No, because she/he is not a citizen of the Philippines.
D. No, he/she is not a natural born citizen of the Philippines.
RATIONALIZATION:
In RA 7836, as amended by RA 9293, those who can be allowed to take the LET are citizens of the
Philippines or aliens (foreigners) whose country have reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of
the teaching profession.

5. Based on R.A. 9293, may all who failed in the LET be deployed as para-teachers?
A. No, only those with an average rating of 70 to 74.
B. Yes.
C. Yes, only in places where there are no applicants.
D. That depends on teacher need of the community.
RATIONALIZATION:
According to RA 9293, those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers, with
a rating of not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating, shall be eligible
as para-teachers upon issuance by the Board of a two-year special permit, renewable for a non-
extendible period of two (2) years. The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage
or absence of a professional teacher, as identified and provided by the Department of Education and the
Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the Board for professional
teachers and to the Commission. The special permit shall indicate the area of assignment of the para-
teacher.

6. All teachers in private schools are required to have a license. Is this statement correct?
A. No
B. Yes
C. It depends on the school where the teacher teaches
D. It depends on the teaching experience of the teacher
RATIONALIZATION:
Both R.A. 7836 and R.A. 9293 states that “No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional
teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the
person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a
valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit.” This means that all teachers,
whether in private or public school is required to have a license.

7. Based on RA 10533, the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 is a non-licensed teacher allowed to
teach in the K to 12 Curriculum full time?
A. Yes, provided he/she obtains a license within five years from the time of hiring.
B. No, no one may teach without a license.
C. Yes, only in Tech-Voc track where there is dearth of qualified teachers.
D. That depends on the policy of the educational institution.
RATIONALIZATION:
Based on R.A. 10533 (Enhanced Basic Education Act or K-12), both the DepED and private education
institutions can now hire, as may be relevant to the particular subject “Graduates of science,
mathematics, statistics, engineering, music and other degree courses with shortages in qualified
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) applicants to teach in their specialized subjects in the
elementary and secondary education. Qualified LET applicants shall also include graduates admitted by
foundations duly recognized for their expertise in the education sector and who satisfactorily complete
the requirements set by these organizations: Provided, That they pass the LET within five (5) years after
their date of hiring: Provided, further, That if such graduates are willing to teach on part-time basis, the
provisions of LET shall no longer be required”.

8. Which of the following countries provide teachers license through Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC)?
A. Philippines
B. Brunei
C. Singapore
D. Malaysia
RATIONALIZATION:
The Professional Regulation Commission, otherwise known as the PRC, is a three-man commission
attached to Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Its mandate is to regulate and supervise the
practice of the professionals (except lawyers, who are handled by the Supreme Court of the Philippines)
who constitute the highly skilled manpower of the Philippines. As the agency-in-charge of the
professional sector, the PRC plays a strategic role in developing the corps of professionals for industry,
commerce, governance, and the economy.

9. Which ASEAN country provides greater pay for teachers?

A. Philippines
B. Malaysia
C. Singapore
D. Vietnam
RATIONALIZATION:
The following are the considered as the best countries to teach in Southeast Asia:
• Thailand – the average beginning teacher banks a salary of around $1,000 per month. More
experienced teachers can make significantly more than that, even up to $4,000 per month
teaching in a reputable private school in Thailand.
• Malaysia - Depending on experience, teachers can make anywhere from $1,000 to 3,000 in terms
of monthly salaries.
• Vietnam - teachers make a basic salary of $1,200 to $1,500 per month, or more depending on
experience.
• Singapore - With such a high-quality economy, the cost of living is the most expensive in the
region. A small city apartment costs as much as $2,300 per month and a monthly transportation
pass runs around $75. For teachers, this also means a much higher monthly salary than what is
available in other ASEAN nations, with experienced teachers making as much as $4,000 per
month. In effect, those looking for teaching jobs in Singapore will find a higher level of both
required qualifications and job competition.

10. According to the global teacher status index, from what country could have the teachers the greatest
respect from students?
A. China
B. Finland
C. Greece
D. New Zealand
RATIONALIZATION:
The Global Teacher Status Index is based on in-depth opinion by Populus in 35 countries that explores
the attitudes on issues ranging from what is a fair salary for teachers to whether they think pupils respect
teachers to how highly people rank their own education system. There have been many international
comparisons in education, but this the first time that the role of teacher status has been studied in-depth.
In China, 80% of people believe pupils respect teachers – the highest rating of any country.

11. This is an acceptable initiative conducive to the teachers making a difference in the achievement of new
generations of the country’s youth?
 A. Greatest prestige in the community
B. Wearing of distinctive teacher’s uniform
C. Highest pay in the country
D. Quality teacher participation
RATIONALIZATION:
Teaching is a complex and multidimensional process that requires deep knowledge and understanding
in a wide range of areas and the ability to synthesize, integrate, and apply this knowledge in different
situations, under varying conditions, and with a wide diversity of groups and individuals. Therefore,
quality teacher preparation is required to produce quality teachers that have content knowledge and
know how to teach that knowledge to young learners.

12. What is the highest career stage of a teacher in the PPST?

A. Distinguished
B. Proficient
C. Highly proficient
D. Most proficient
RATIOANALIZATION:
The description of standards (i.e., in PPST, the indicators) at different career stages provides a
“framework for the teacher development continuum.” (OECD, 2005). Anchored on the principle of
lifelong learning, the PPST recognizes the significance of a standards framework that articulates
developmental progression as teachers develop, refine their practice and respond to the complexities
of educational reforms. The following are the career stages
• Beginning Teachers (Career Stage 1) are those who have gained the qualifications recognized for
entry into the teaching profession. Teachers at this stage are supported to reach Career Stage 2
within two to three years.
• Proficient Teachers (Career Stage 2) are professionally independent in the application of skills
vital to the teaching and learning process. This stage shows the acceptable standards for all
teachers, which should be reached within the first two or three years of teaching.
• Highly Proficient Teachers (Career Stage 3) consistently display a high level of performance in
their teaching practice. They are accomplished practitioners who mentor and work collegially
with other staff. This is the stage that Master Teachers are expected to be at.
• Distinguished Teachers (Career Stage 4) embody the highest standards for teaching grounded in
global best practice. They are recognized as leaders in education, contributors to the profession
and initiators of collaborations and partnerships.

13. Which statement on diversity of students is CORRECT?

A. The lesser number of diverse students in a class, the better for the teacher and students.
B. Teacher must do his/her best to reduce the number of diverse students.
C. Teacher must accept the diversity of students in the class.
D. Diversity of students are purely dependent on culture.
RATIONALIZATION:
Diversity means having a range of people with various racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural
backgrounds and various lifestyles, experience, and interests. Diversity is the ability for differences to
coexist together, with some type of mutual understanding or acceptance present.

14. For the continuing professional development seminar of the graduate in the doctorate level to meet
standards, the outcome/s should be in accordance with which level in the Philippine Qualifications
Framework?
A. Level 4 C. Level 6
B. Level 5 D. Level 8
RATIONALIZATION:
The Philippine education system covers both formal and non-formal education. Formal education is a
progression of academic schooling from elementary (grade school) to secondary (high school) and
tertiary levels (TVET and higher education).
The system is tri-focalized by law into basic, technical-vocational and higher education under three
different agencies: the Department of Education (DepED) headed by a Cabinet Secretary for basic
education; the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) headed by a Director
General for technical-vocational education and training; and the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) under the Office of the Philippine President headed by the Chairperson of a collegial body of five
Commissioners.
It describes the levels of educational qualifications and sets the standards for qualification outcomes.
As defined in RA 10968, qualification refers to a formal certification that a person has successfully
achieved specific learning outcomes relevant to the identified academic, industry or community
requirements.
 15. It is the responsibility of every teacher to undergo annual medical check-up in the interest of the:
I. School
II. Community
III. Learner
IV. Co-teachers

A. I and II C. I, II and III

B. I only D. III only
RATIONALE:
The provision of annual medical check-up for teachers (Sec. 22 of RA 4670) is for the interest of the
teacher himself/herself, the learners whom he/she is teaching, the school and community where he she
belongs, as well as the government who pays for his/her service.

16. Among the following, __________________ violates the code of ethics that every teacher prompt from
acts “disparaging the community”.
A. Relating lessons to community culture.
B. Appreciating community values.
C. Using resources for community.
D. Imposing cultural bias to community
RATIONALIZATION:
Article III Section 4 of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers states that “Every teacher shall live
for and with the community and shall, therefore, study the local customs and traditions in order to have
a sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the community.”

17. Which is an exemption in the code of ethics of teachers?

A. Principal
B. Librarian
C. Division Office Superintendent
D. Master Teacher
RATIONALE:
“The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers covers all public and private school teachers in all
educational institutions at the preschool, primary, elementary, and secondary levels whether academic,
vocational, special, technical, or non-formal. The term “teacher” shall include industrial arts or
vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all
schools at the aforesaid levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis.” – Article 1. Librarians are not
included in the term “teachers.” Hence, they are not covered by the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers. Librarians have their own set of ethical standards called “Code of Ethics for Philippine
Librarians”.

18. Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, which has been provided as official languages for purposes of
communication and instruction?
A. Filipino only C. English only
B. Filipino, English and Spanish D. Filipino and English
RATIONALIZATION:
Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Filipino and English are the official languages for purposes of
communication and instruction.

19. Which is TRUE of the Alternative Learning System?

A. Learning system parallel to the formal system
B. Lower than the formal system
C. More practical than the formal system
D. Excludes informal learning system
RATIONALIZATION:
The Alternative Learning System is a parallel learning system in the Philippines that provides a practical
option to the existing formal instruction. When one does not have or cannot access formal education in
schools, ALS is an alternate or substitute. ALS includes both the non-formal and informal sources of
knowledge and skills.
Unlike the Formal Education system which is classroom-based and managed by trained formal school
teachers, ALS Non-formal Education happens outside the classroom, community-based, usually
conducted at community learning centers, barangay multi-purpose hall, libraries or at home, managed
by ALS learning facilitators, such as mobile teachers, district ALS Coordinators, instructional managers
at an agreed schedule and venue between the learners and facilitators.

20. According to PRC Revised Guidelines for Continuing Professional Development (Resolution No.
2013774, every professional teacher is required proof of _____ continuing professional development
units for renewal of professional identification card every three years.
A. 36 B.30 C. 45 D. 48
RATIONALIZATION:
Through the CPD Act of 2016, Professional Teachers were required to gain 45 CPD units for the renewal
of their professional identification card (PIC).
However, new Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the Republic Act 10912 or the Continuing
Professional Development Law of 2016 took effect on March 1, 2019 due to the numerous complaints
from professionals. The document from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) was signed by
Chairman Teofilo Pilando Jr., Commissioner Yolanda D. Reyes and Commissioner Jose Y. Cueto Jr. It
was published on February 13 at the Official Gazette and took effect 15 days after.
Under the new provisions, CPD is still a mandatory requirement for the renewal of the PRC ID of all
registered and licensed professionals. Significant decrease in the number of required CPD units for the
renewal of professional license. From 45 units, it’s now down to 15 units every three years. In-house
trainings and capacity-building activities of government agencies and corporations, including local
government units and private employers shall be credited and considered as CPD compliance.
A transition period will be implemented while the PRC is working with CPD councils to fulfill the “pre-
conditions” required from them.

The following will be observed during the transition period:

• Professionals working abroad shall not be covered by the CPD requirement during the period of
their employment abroad
• Newly licensed professionals shall be exempted from CPD requirements for their first renewal
• CPD councils shall reduce the required CPD units to a minimum which shall not be more than 15
CPD units
• All seminars attended by licensed professionals should be recognized as CPD units and shall be
accepted as valid for the renewal of their licenses

Professionals who renewed their PRC ID's by signing an Undertaking shall only comply the required 15
CPD units, in pursuant to the Resolution.

21. When the teacher is convinced that it is better to teach the students the skill to adapt to change since
change is the only thing permanent in this world, he/she subscribe to which philosophy?
A. Existentialism
B. Pragmatism
C. Idealism
D. Realism
RATIONALIZATION:
For pragmatists, only those things that are experienced or observed are real. In this late 19th century
American philosophy, the focus is on the reality of experience. Unlike the Realists and Rationalists,
Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our
experiences and thoughts to problems, as they arise. The universe is dynamic and evolving, a
"becoming" view of the world. There is no absolute and unchanging truth, but rather, truth is what works.
Pragmatism is derived from the teaching of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), who believed that
thought must produce action, rather than linger in the mind and lead to indecisiveness.
John Dewey (1859-1952) applied pragmatist philosophy in his progressive approaches. He believed that
learners must adapt to each other and to their environment. Schools should emphasize the subject
matter of social experience. All learning is dependent on the context of place, time, and circumstance.
Different cultural and ethnic groups learn to work cooperatively and contribute to a democratic society.
The ultimate purpose is the creation of a new social order. Character development is based on making
group decisions in light of consequences.
For Pragmatists, teaching methods focus on hands-on problem solving, experimenting, and projects,
often having students work in groups. Curriculum should bring the disciplines together to focus on
solving problems in an interdisciplinary way. Rather than passing down organized bodies of knowledge
to new learners, Pragmatists believe that learners should apply their knowledge to real situations
through experimental inquiry. This prepares students for citizenship, daily living, and future careers.

22. Which of the following is the focus of the Japanese education in the Philippines?
A. Democratic ideals and nationalism
B. Love and service to one’s country
C. Religion and love for Asian brothers
D. Vocational and health education
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. During the Japanese Period, Love for work and dignity for labor was
emphasized. There was the spread of health and vocational education. Nihongo was used and the
Japanese tried to stop the Filipino people from using the English Language.

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

23. Which of the following processes usually comes first in developing curriculum?
A. Evaluating educational experiences
B. Identifying learning goals and objectives
C. Selection of educational content
D. Organization of learning experiences
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. The first and most important part in the curriculum development process is the
identification of learning goals, objectives and outcomes. It will be the basis of the entire educative
process.

24. When do we need to evaluate the curriculum?

A. When somebody suggests it
B. Whenever necessary
C. Every academic year
D. Every quarter
RATIONALIZATION:
The best answer is B, whenever necessary. Evaluation is the process of collecting data on a program to
determine its value or worth with the aim of deciding whether to adopt, reject, or revise the program. The
developer or planner wants to know how to improve the curriculum product. The public wants to know
whether the curriculum implemented has achieved its aims and objectives Teachers want to know
whether what they are doing in the classroom is effective. Curriculum evaluation should be concerned
with assessing the value of a program of study.
• Worthen and Sanders (1987) define curriculum evaluation as “the formal determination of the
quality, effectiveness, or value of a program, product, project, process, objective, or curriculum”
• Ornstein and Hunkins (1998) define curriculum evaluation as “a process or cluster of processes
that people perform in order to gather data that will enable them to decide whether to accept,
change, or eliminate something- the curriculum in general or an educational textbook in
particular”

25. A teacher takes records of knowledge, subject matter, and content that are needed to be written and
preserved:
A. Planner
B. Writer
C. Innovator
D. Implementor
RATIONALIZATION:
• Curriculum writer – A classroom teacher takes record of knowledge concepts, subject matter or
content. These need to be written or preserved. The teacher writes books, modules, laboratory
manuals, instructional guides, and reference materials in paper or electronic media.
• Curriculum planner – It is the role of the teacher to make a yearly, monthly or daily plan of the
curriculum.
The teacher takes into consideration several factors in planning a curriculum. These are: learners,
support material, time, subject matter or content, desired outcomes, context of the learners
among others.
• Curriculum innovator – Creativity and innovation are hallmarks of an excellent teacher. A
curriculum is always dynamic, hence keeps on changing. From the content strategies, ways of
holding, blocks of time, ways of evaluating, kinds of students and skills of teachers, one cannot
find a single eternal curriculum that would perpetually fit.
• Curriculum implementor – The curriculum that remains recommended or written will never serve
its purpose. Somebody has to implement it. Heart of schooling is the curriculum. It is this role
where the teacher becomes the implementor of the curriculum. She is at the height of an
engagement with the learners, with support materials in order to achieve the desired outcome. It
is where teaching, guiding and facilitating skills of the teacher is expected to be the highest level.

26. PAFTE proposed new curriculum for teachers’ education to make graduates globally competitive, what
type of curriculum is this?
A. Assessed
B. Recommended
C. Hidden
D. Supported
RATIONALIZATION:
• Recommended Curriculum – Comes from a national agency like the DepEd, CHED, DOST or any
professional organization that has a stake in education.
• Written Curriculum – Includes documents, course of study, or syllabi handed down to the
schools, districts, division, departments, or colleges for implementation.
• Taught Curriculum – Different planned activities which are put into action in the classroom. Varied
activities that are implemented in order to arrive at the objectives or purposes of the written
 curriculum. Used by the learners with the guidance of the teachers. Varies according to the
learning styles of the students and the teaching styles of the teachers.
• Supported Curriculum – Materials which support or help in the implementation of the written
curriculum. Should enable each learner to achieve real and lifelong learning.
• Assessed Curriculum – Tested or evaluated curriculum. A series of evaluations done by the
teacher to determine the extent of teaching or to tell if the students are progressing
• Learned Curriculum – Learning outcomes achieved by the students. Indicated by the results of
the tests and changes in behavior which can either be cognitive, affective or psychomotor
• Hidden Curriculum – Unintended curriculum which is not deliberately planned but may modify
behavior or influence learning outcomes

27. Specialization in TLE under the K-12 Curriculum starts in what grade level?
A. Grade 7 C. Grade 9
B. Grade 8 D. Grade 10
RATIONALIZATION:
The Technical-Vocational Education-based TLE is focused on technical skills development in any area.
Five common competencies, based on the training regulations of the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), are covered in the exploratory phase (Grades 7 and 8): mensuration
and calculation, technical drafting, use of tools and equipment, maintenance of tools and equipment,
and occupational health and safety. The specialization phase is from Grades 9 to 12.

28. In which grade is mother tongue used as a medium of instruction according to the K-12 Law?
A. K to 1
B. K to Grade 2
C. K only
D. K to Grade 3
RATIONALIZATION:
One of the changes in Basic Education Curriculum brought about by the new K-12 program is the
introduction of Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) specifically in Kindergarten,
Grades 1, 2 and 3 to support the goal of “Every Child- A- Reader and A –Writer” by Grade 1.”
MTB-MLE refers to “first-language-first” education that is, schooling which begins in the mother tongue
and transitions to additional languages particularly Filipino and English. It is meant to address the high
functional illiteracy of Filipinos where language plays a significant factor. Since the child’s own language
enables her/ him to express him/herself easily, then, there is no fear of making mistakes. It encourages
active participation by children in the learning process because they understand what is being
discussed and what is being asked of them. They can immediately use their mother tongue to construct
and explain their world, articulate their thoughts and add new concepts to what they already know.

29. Senior high school students in private schools are given ______________.
A. Scholarships
B. Low tuition fee
C. Voucher
D. Discount in tuition fee
RATIONALIZATION:
Republic Act No. 10533 (RA 10533), otherwise known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013,
lengthens Philippine basic education from 10 years to 13 years with the addition of Kindergarten and
Grades 11 and 12 in Senior High School (SHS). Grade 11 was introduced in School Year (SY) 2016-17
and Grade 12 will be introduced in SY 2017-2018.
RA 10533 explicitly expands Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (E-
GASTPE or RA 8545) to include Grades 11 and 12. RA 10533 further mandates the Department of
Education (DepEd) to formulate programs to enact the abovementioned provision based on the
principles of public-private partnership. In this regard, DepEd Order No. 11, series of 2015 (DO 11 s. 2015)
introduced the Senior High School Voucher Program (SHS VP) as a mechanism to provide financial
support to qualified students in SHS.

30. Which is the main objective of the Educational Service Contracting Scheme, or ESC?
A. To decongest public secondary schools by "contracting" the excess capacities of private high schools
through the provision of subsidies for students who, otherwise, would have gone to the public high
schools.
B. To enter into a contract with public school students to stay and complete schooling or else pay their
own tuition fees
C. To fill up the private schools with students or else go bankrupt and close.
D. To enter into an agreement with parents to send their children to school or else they get penalized.
RATIONALIZATION:
The Education Service Contracting (ESC) scheme is a partnership program by the Department of
Education (DepEd) with certified private schools aimed at decongesting overcrowded public schools.
Republic Act No. 8545, otherwise known as the Expanded Government Assistance to Students and
Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE), provides the legal basis for the ESC. The ESC bestows grants
to “poor but deserving” elementary graduates to attend private secondary schools subcontracted by the
government. The Fund for Assistance for Private Education (FAPE) has been designated by the DepEd
to manage the ESC program on its behalf.
 31. GASTPE is one proof of public-private partnership for government to give access to quality education.
What does GASTPE mean?
A. Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education
B. Government Assistance for Scholarships and Teaching in Private Education
C. Government Assistance to Students' and Teachers' Scholarships in Private Education
D. Government Assistance to Selected Students and Teachers in Private Education
RATIONALIZATION:
GASTPE stands for Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education. This was
provided for by Republic Act (RA) 6728 called the GASTPE Act, which was amended by RA 8545 known
as the Expanded GASTPE (E-GASTPE) Act. E-GASTPE was further expanded by RA 10533 or the
Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 to cover senior high school.
What are the GASTPE Programs currently provided by the DepEd?
• Education Service Contracting (ESC)
• Teachers’ Salary Subsidy (TSS)
• Senior High School Voucher Program (SHS VP)
• In-Service Training (INSET)
• Research

32. What agency formulated the standards of the various learning areas in the Senior High School?
A. PRC
B. CHED
C. TESDA
D. DepEd
RATIONALIZATION:
The contents of the various learning areas in SHS are based on the College Readiness Standards of the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED); they will be equivalent to the courses offered under the
General Education Curriculum of higher education. The core subjects are English, Filipino,
Mathematics, and Science. Contents of the Mathematics and Language curriculum in Grade 12 will
depend on the specialization of the student. Contemporary issues on politics and governance, society
and culture in the country and around the world are the Araling Panlipunan subjects in the SHS.
Subjects of the General Education Curriculum such as Literature of the Philippines, Literature of the
World, and Philosophy of the Human Person are also offered in SHS.

33. Which is TRUE of Kindergarten grades?

A. There are numerical grades with descriptions.
B. Grades are compared like the grades in Grade 1.
C. Remarks like Passed and Failed are used.
D. There are no numerical grades.
RATIONALIZATION:
For Kindergarten, checklists and anecdotal records are used instead of numerical grades. These are
based on learning standards found in the Kindergarten curriculum guide. It is important for teachers to
keep a portfolio, which is a record or compilation of the learner’s output, such as writing samples,
accomplished activity sheets, and artwork. The portfolio can provide concrete evidence of how much or
how well the learner is able to accomplish the skills and competencies. Through checklists, the teacher
will be able to indicate whether or not the child is able to demonstrate knowledge and/or perform the
tasks expected of Kindergarten learners. Through anecdotal records or narrative reports, teachers will
be able to describe learners’ behavior, attitude, and effort in school work.

34. Which is the percentage contribution of quarterly assessment to the grade of the student from Grades 1
to 10?
A. 30% C. 20%
B. 25% D. 15%
RATIONALIZATION:

35. Who is retained in the same grade level for Grades 1 to 10? Any students who did not meet expectations
____________.
A. As shown in the general average
B. In 2 learning areas
C. In three or more learning areas
D. In four learning areas
RATIONALIZATION:
Under the K-12 Grading System, students who failed in 3 or more subjects in Grades 1 to 10 are retained
in the same grade level. Those who failed in 1 or 2 subjects are required to take and pass remedial
classes.

36. In the new K-12 Grading System, which is described as "Did not meet expectations"?
A. Below 72%
B. Below 74%
C. Below 76%
D. Below 75%
RATIONALIZATION:

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

37. If a child was raised by authoritative parents, how will most likely will he/she behave in class?
A. Relates well to classmates
B. Quarrels often with classmates
C. Is suspicious of others
D. Has low level if independence
RATIONALIZATION:
Authoritative parenting is a parenting style characterized by high responsiveness and high demands.
Authoritative parents are responsive to the child's emotional needs while having high standards. They
set limits and are very consistent in enforcing boundaries. Kids raised by authoritative parents are more
likely to become independent, self-reliant, socially accepted, academically successful, and well-
behaved. They are less likely to report depression and anxiety, and less likely to engage in antisocial
behavior like delinquency and drug use.

38. Every person strives to satisfy physical needs. He/she progressed materially if he/she increases the
capacity to meet those needs and lives in material comfort, in addition, he also seeks social acceptance,
prestige, status or superiority over other people. How does this point about human?
I. Psychological growth and spiritual program only begin when a person rises above the mere
satisfaction for physical and social needs
II. Life is more than material satisfaction
III. One should belong to church to satisfy those needs

A. I and III
B. II only
C. I and II
D. I, II and III
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter C. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggests that a person needs to
satisfy his/her physiological needs, such as food, water, sleep, and warmth. He believes that when one
of the lower-level needs have been met, one can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety
and security. As people progress up the pyramid, one’s needs become increasingly psychological and
social. Social acceptance falls under an individual’s social needs. Social needs include friendships,
romantic attachments, family, social groups, community groups, churches and religious organizations.
However, reading through Abraham Maslow’s biography would tell that he is an atheist. He found it
difficult to accept religious as valid. With this, we could say that only statements I and II are true.

39. Science Teacher Iah showed her class a glass of water with an egg in it. She asked the class: “What
happens to the egg if I add three tablespoon salt to the glass of water?” This is hypothesis formulation.
What can you infer about the cognitive developmental stage of Teacher Rita’s class?
A. Pre-operational stage
B. Concrete operational stage
C. Formal operational stage
D. Between concrete and formal operational stage
RATIONALIZATION:
The formal operational stage is the fourth and final stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive
development. It begins at approximately age 12 and lasts into adulthood. At this point in development,
thinking becomes much more sophisticated and advanced. Kids can think about abstract and theoretical
concepts and use logic to come up with creative solutions to problems. Skills such as logical thought,
deductive reasoning, and systematic planning also emerge during this stage.

40. When a child says that the sun is sleeping at night, the child is in the pre-operational stage, particularly
_______________.
 A. Animism B. Egocentrism C. Centration D. Reversibility
RATIONALIZATION:
Animism is the belief that inanimate objects (such as toys and teddy bears) have human feelings and
intentions. By animism Piaget (1929) meant that for the pre-operational child the world of nature is alive,
conscious and has a purpose.

41. When the daughter is competing with the mother for the father’s attention, the daughter is said to be
experiencing _________________.
A. Electra complex
B. Identity crisis
C. Oedipus complex
D. Sexual deviation
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter A. The Electra complex is a psychoanalytic term used to describe a girl's
sense of competition with her mother for the affections of her father. It is comparable to the male Oedipus
complex. Resolving the Electra complex ultimately leads to identification with the same-sex parent.

42. In Sigmund Freud’s personality component, which is first to emerge in process of child development?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Both ego and id
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. The id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality. It consists of
all the inherited (i.e., biological) components of personality present at birth, including the sex (life)
instinct – Eros (which contains the libido), and the aggressive (death) instinct - Thanatos.
The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately
to the instincts. The personality of the newborn child is all id and only later does it develop an ego and
super-ego.

43. A student follows his teacher and receives star as reward. According to Kohlberg, to what level of moral
development does the student belong to?
A. Post-conventional
B. Conventional
C. Between preconventional and conventional
D. Preconventional
RATIONALIZATION:
Kohlberg identified three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-
conventional. Each level is associated with increasingly complex stages of moral development.
• Level 1: Preconventional – Throughout the preconventional level, a child’s sense of morality is
externally controlled. Children accept and believe the rules of authority figures, such as parents
and teachers. A child with pre-conventional morality has not yet adopted or internalized society’s
conventions regarding what is right or wrong, but instead focuses largely on external
consequences that certain actions may bring.
• Level 2: Conventional – Throughout the conventional level, a child’s sense of morality is tied to
personal and societal relationships. Children continue to accept the rules of authority figures, but
this is now due to their belief that this is necessary to ensure positive relationships and societal
order. Adherence to rules and conventions is somewhat rigid during these stages, and a rule’s
appropriateness or fairness is seldom questioned.
• Level 3: Postconventional
• Throughout the postconventional level, a person’s sense of morality is defined in terms of more
abstract principles and values. People now believe that some laws are unjust and should be
changed or eliminated. This level is marked by a growing realization that individuals are separate
entities from society and that individuals may disobey rules inconsistent with their own
principles. Post-conventional moralists live by their own ethical principles—principles that
typically include such basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice—and view rules as useful
but changeable mechanisms, rather than absolute dictates that must be obeyed without question.
Because post-conventional individuals elevate their own moral evaluation of a situation over
social conventions, their behavior, especially at stage six, can sometimes be confused with that
of those at the pre-conventional level. Some theorists have speculated that many people may
never reach this level of abstract moral reasoning.

44. Which is an example of a child's mesosystem that does NOT work favorably for the child?
A. The child is not in good terms with his peers.
B. There is so much hostility at home.
C. The child's parent and teacher are at odds.
D. The child is sickly.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Mesosystem refers to the interaction between two microsystems. A child’s
parent and teacher that are both part of his microsystem (immediate environment like family, school,
neighboorhood, and peers). The mesosystem is a component of the ecological systems theory
developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner in the 1970s. It proposes that children don't develop only by influence
from their close familial environment - surrounding environments are influential on the development of
the child as well.

FACILITATING LEARNING

45. In Gardner’s’ multiple intelligences, naturalists can best___________.

A. Use hands to fix and create, body interpretations
B. Analyze ecological and natural situations and data
C. Meditate, reflect, maintain composure
D. Work with others
RATIONALIZATION:
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
This theory suggests that traditional psychometric views of intelligence are too limited. Gardner first
outlined his theory in his 1983 book "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences," where he
suggested that all people have different kinds of "intelligences." Gardner proposed that there are eight
intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as "existentialist intelligence."
Naturalistic is the most recent addition to Gardner’s theory and has been met with more resistance than
his original seven intelligences. According to Gardner, individuals who are high in this type of
intelligence are more in tune with nature and are often interested in nurturing, exploring the environment,
and learning about other species. These individuals are said to be highly aware of even subtle changes
to their environments.
Characteristics of naturalistic intelligence include:
• Interested in subjects such as botany, biology, and zoology
• Good at categorizing and cataloging information easily
• May enjoy camping, gardening, hiking, and exploring the outdoors
• Doesn’t enjoy learning unfamiliar topics that have no connection to nature

46. In Bruner's three-tiered learning, which is action-based?

A. Enactive learning
B. Inactive learning
C. Iconic learning
D. Symbolic learning
RATIONALIZATION:
Enactive learning appears first. It involves encoding action-based information and storing it in our
memory. For example, in the form of movement as a muscle memory, a baby might remember the action
of shaking a rattle.

47. A recent study of a group of LET results reveals that those who took the Licensure Exams for Teachers
right after year of graduation had higher chances of passing than those who postponed taking the LET
after year of graduation. Which of Thorndike's laws explains this?
A. Exercise
B. Recency
C. Frequency
D. Contiguity
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. The situation emphasizes the Law of Recency being applied in taking the LET.
According to this law, things most recently learned are best remembered, while the things learned some
time ago are remembered with more difficulty.

48. Who perceive learners not as passive recipients of information, but as constructors of knowledge as they
interact with the environment and as they reorganize their mental structures?
A. Metacognitivists
B. Constructivists
C. Behaviorists
D. Cognitivists
RATIONALIZATION:
Constructivism is basically a theory -- based on observation and scientific study -- about how people
learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through
experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.

49. According to Piaget's cognitive concept, what is the learning experience structure during infancy and
early years?
A. Accommodation
B. Assimilation
C. Schema
D. Equilibrium
RATIONALIZATION:
The Correct Answer is letter B. In assimilation, the child takes in new information or experiences and
incorporates them into existing ideas. Assimilation plays an important role in how we learn about the
world around us. In early childhood, children are constantly assimilating new information and
experiences into their existing knowledge about the world. For example, a 2-year-old child sees a man
who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides. To his father’s horror, the toddler
shouts “Clown, clown” (Siegler et al., 2003)
 50. Rey is always fearful of freely roaming dogs but does not mind dogs in a pen or on a leash. What feature
of classical condition is exhibited?
A. Discrimination
B. Extinction
C. Generalization
D. Practice
RATIONALIZATION:
In classical conditioning, discrimination is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and
other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus. For example, if a bell tone were
the conditioned stimulus, discrimination would involve being able to tell the difference between the bell
sound and other similar sounds.

51. Teacher Iah begins a lesson on basic dance position by demonstrating the arms and feet position in slow
motion and physically guiding her students through correct movements. As her students become more
skillful, she just gives verbal instruction. With Vygotsky's theory in mind, what does Teacher Iah do?
A. Guided participation
B. Peer Interaction
C. Apprenticeship
D. Scaffolding
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. Scaffolding consists of the activities provided by the educator, or more
competent peer, to support the student as he or she is led through the zone of proximal development.
Support is tapered off (i.e. withdrawn) as it becomes unnecessary, much as a scaffold is removed from
a building during construction. The student will then be able to complete the task again on his own.

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

52. In providing valid learning experiences, the primary factor to consider is/are _______________.
A. Objectives and aims of the lesson
B. Nature of the learner
C. Competence of the teachers
D. Material resources

53. You are required to formulate your own philosophy of education in the course the teaching profession. In
Bloom's revised taxonomy, which cognitive processing are you?
A. Applying
B. Evaluating
C. Creating
D. Analyzing
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. “Formulating” your own philosophy of education is under the Synthesis Level
of Cognitive learning in Bloom’s Taxonomy and under Creating Level in the Revised Cognitive Taxonomy
of Anderson. Synthesis was placed on the fifth level of the Bloom's taxonomy pyramid and 6th level of
the Anderson’s Revised taxonomy as it requires students to infer relationships among sources. The
high-level thinking of synthesis is evident when students put the parts or information they have reviewed
as a whole in order to create new meaning or a new structure.

54. Sir Johdel sees to it that his class sees the importance of the grammar lessons in English and so gets
intrinsically motivated to learn. In which level of processing is the class expected to act?
A. Metacognitive system
B. Cognitive
C. Between cognitive and metacognitive system
D. Self-system
RATIONALIZATION:
• Metacognitive System: involves monitoring accuracy, clarity, process, specifying goals, and
examining motivation
• Self-System: involves examining emotions, efficacy, and importance
• Knowledge Utilization: involves decision-making, problem-solving, experimenting, and
investigating
• Retrieval: involves recognizing, recalling, and executing

55. In the 4a´s approach to facilitating learning, the students learn best to relate ideas to real life through
____________.
A. Activity
B. Abstraction
C. Analysis
D. Application
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D, application. Application means using learned material in a new or unprompted
use of an abstraction and relating what was learned in real-life situations.

56. This is the time the teacher actually spends in the classroom giving instruction by various means.
 A. Academic learning time C. Allocated time
B. Mandated time D. Teaching time
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer D. Instructional time, also referred to as teaching time is the portion of classroom
time spent teaching the students particular knowledge, concepts, and skills pertaining to school
subjects. It excludes routine procedural matters, transitions, and discipline.

57. It is less interactive and requires relatively shorter period of time to cover content. What type of method
is this?
A. Both inductive and deductive
B. Inductive
C. Both but more deductive
D. Deductive
RATIONALIZATION:
Deductive approach involves the learners being given a general rule, which is then applied to specific
ideas and examples and honed through practice exercises. It does not require much student interaction
but can be executed by the teacher with less time for preparation.

58. In a classroom situation where students are discussing whether government efforts to establish peace in
Mindanao will be beneficial to the whole country or not, which is the most appropriate strategy?
A. Debate
B. Consensus taking
C. Visualization exercise
D. Conflict resolution
RATIONALIZATION:
A debate is a discussion or structured contest about an issue or a resolution. A formal debate involves
two sides: one supporting a resolution and one opposing it. Such a debate is bound by rules previously
agreed upon. Debates may be judged in order to declare a winning side. Debates are a great way for
students to get involved in class. Students have to research topics, prepare for the debate with their
team, and think on their feet as they practice public speaking. Learning how to debate does more than
improve speaking skills; it also makes for better listeners.

59. I wasn’t satisfied with Student B’s yes as an answer and so I asked her to explain why? Which did I do?
A. Prompting C. Probing
B. Asking non-directed question D. Rephrasing
RATIONALIZATION:
Probing is asking follow-up questions when we do not fully understand a response, when answers are
vague or ambiguous or when we want to obtain more specific or in-depth information.

60. A question is raised by one student. You don’t answer it but throw back the question to the class. Which
is this reacting behavior?
A. Soliciting students’ questions
B. Redirecting questions to other pupils
C. Providing corrective feedback
D. Asking follow up question
RATIONALIZATION:
Redirecting Questions. These questions are simply asking a question in response to the question just
asked. Basically, these questions are meant to help guide students to the answer by prodding them to
perhaps think about why the question was asked and to try to understand their instructor's thinking.

61. Teacher Karen delegates some of her responsibilities to the whole class assigns separate students
monitor for attendance, classroom cleaning and distribution of learning materials. In what aspect is she
good?
A. Instructional Material
B. Values development
C. Classroom management
D. Classroom teaching
RATIONALIZATION:
Classroom management is a term that teachers use to describe the process of ensuring that classroom
lessons run smoothly without disruptive behavior from students compromising the delivery of
instruction. The term also applies to the prevention of disruptive behavior preemptively, as well as
effectively responding to it after it happens. It can be explained as the actions and directions that
teachers use to create a successful learning environment; indeed, having a positive impact on students
achieving given learning requirements and goals.

62. Among mistaken goals in the Acceptance Approach to discipline, what happens when students seek to
hurt others to make up for being hurt or rejected?
A. Revenge seeking
B. Power seeking
C. Withdrawal
D. Attention getting
RATIONALIZATION:
The goal of revenge is closely related to the goal of power. Some students feel they should be allowed
to do whatever they like and should consider anyone who tries to stop them as an enemy. These students
are very difficult to deal with because they do not care about consequences – consequences only give
them justification for revenge. Dreikurs suggests that these students feel the need to hurt others
because they have been hurt themselves. What they need most is understanding and acceptance.
According to Dreikurs, teachers can best provide this by calling on the class to support and encourage
these students and sometimes this is best accomplished by selecting a student with high self-esteem to
befriend the troublemaker and help him or her develop constructive behavior. The teacher also may be
able to set up situations that allow revengeful students to exhibit talents or strengths, helping to
persuade these students that they can behave in ways that bring acceptance and status. This is a very
difficult thing to ask of a class, and students who seek revenge at first reject efforts made by others. It
takes persistence and patience on everyone’s part to change such a situation.

63. Many researchers have identified important components of classroom management, including
beginning the school year with a positive emphasis on management; arranging the room in a way
conducive to effective management; and identifying and implementing rules and operating procedures.
How may these components of classroom management be described?
I. Reactive
II. Preventive
III. Proactive

A. II and III B. I only C. I, II and III D. II only

RATIONALIZATION:
It's essential for good developers to switch between reactive and proactive modes. The definition of
reactive and proactive is as follows: Reactive: Reacting to the past rather than anticipating the future.
Proactive: Acting before a situation becomes a source of confrontation or crisis.

64. A child who is having difficulty containing himself is asked to do an errand. By the time he comes back,
the rest of the class has calmed down. Which classroom management technique was employed?
A. Proximity control
B. Antiseptic bouncing
C. Signal interference
D. Walking around
RATIONALIZATION:
This technique is used to prevent behavior from escalating. You remove the student from the classroom
setting when you notice that the student is becoming frustrated or agitated, before inappropriate
behavior occurs. The technique allows the student to calm down, move, avoid embarrassment, and,
upon return to the work area, begin to work again. Many teachers accomplish the "bounce" by having
the student go on an errand, perhaps taking a note to a colleague or returning material to the library.
Color coding the note can signal a colleague that the student needed a "change of pace" and that the
note does not need a response.

65. Continuously scanning the classroom even when Teacher is working with small groups illustrates
Kounin's _________________.
A. With-it-ness
B. Diligence
C. Aggressiveness
D. Sensitiveness
RATIONALIZATION:
"Withitness" is a term created by Kounin to describe the teacher's awareness of what is going on in all
parts of the classroom at all times. We commonly refer to this as "having eyes in the back of the head."

DEVELOPMENTAL READING

66. In acquiring language competence, what is the process of attaching meaning to words?
A. Phonology
B. Syntax
C. Semantics
D. Morphology
RATIONALIZATION:
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. The term is taken from the Greek “seme”, meaning sign.
The word meaning can be defined in many ways, but the definition most pertinent to linguistics and the
one we will use is that meaning is "the function of signs in language."

67. Which is the correct order of reading skills in Goodell’s Reading Skills ladder?
I. Finding the main idea
II. Basic sight words
III. Vocabulary building
IV. Using contextual clues
V. Using structural analysis
VI. Using phonetic analysis

A. II, V, IV, I, III, VI C. II, I, IV, III, V, VI

 B. II, VI, V, IV, III, I D. II, III, VI, IV, V, I
RATIONALIZATION:
Grace Goodell’s Reading Skills Ladder
1. Basic sight words
2. Using phonetic analysis
3. Using structural analysis
4. Using contextual clues
5. Vocabulary building
6. Finding the main idea
7. Finding the supporting details
8. Interfering meanings, drawing conclusions
9. Classifying and organizing facts
10. Using parts of the book
11. Using the dictionary
12. Using the encyclopedias and other reference books
13. Borrowing library books for research and enjoyment
14. Starting your private library collection
15. Exposure to reading from mass media
16. Reading from the Internet

68. Among models of reading strategies, what did student Janus adopt when he reads back and forth,
attending to both what is in his mind and what’s on the page?
A. Bottoms-up
B. Interactive
C. Down-top
D. Top-down
RATIONALIZATION:
The reading process involves the text, the reader, and the interaction between the two. Theorists have
proposed three basic models of how reading occurs: bottom-up, top-down, and interactive.

• Interactive Models - Reading is a process of constructing meaning from text through the use of
both bottom-up and top-down processes, strategies, and skills (focus on the interaction). Both
bottom-up and top-down processes occur simultaneously for the reader to comprehend the
meaning of the text.
Two levels of interaction:
- the interaction between the reader and the text.
- the interaction between two kinds of cognitive skills: identification and interpretation.
• Bottom-up Models - Reading is a decoding process (focus on the text).
• Top-Down Models - Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game (focus on the reader). The
reader receives input from the text, makes predictions (based on conceptual abilities, background
knowledge, and language processing skills), tests and confirms or revises those prediction.

69. Edna is reading a book and he needs to know the meaning of the word “obliterate”. However, the passage
does not give enough cues for him to figure out what the word means. He decided to use his pocket
dictionary, so he would know what the word means. Which of the following strategies should she use so
that she would know the meaning of the unfamiliar word?
A. Scanning
B. Skimming
C. Close reading
D. Careful slow reading
RATIONALIZATION:
Skimming and scanning are reading techniques that use rapid eye movement and keywords to move
quickly through text for slightly different purposes. Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general
overview of the material. Scanning is reading rapidly in order to find specific facts. While skimming tells
you what general information is within a section, scanning helps you locate a particular fact. Skimming
is like snorkeling, and scanning is more like pearl diving.
Use skimming in previewing (reading before you read), reviewing (reading after you read), determining
the main idea from a long selection you don't wish to read, or when trying to find source material for a
research paper.
Use scanning in research to find particular facts, to study fact-heavy topics, and to answer questions
requiring factual support.

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION

70. The International Commission of Education for the 21st Century advocates Four Pillars. Which of the 4
Pillars should be given emphasis in teaching if there are peace and cultural diversity issues?
A. Learning to know
B. Learning to be
C. Learning to live together
D. Learning to do
RATIONALIZATION:
Learning to live together implies that the teacher should help the students develop an understanding of
other people and appreciation of interdependence since we live in a closely connected world.
 71. Education in the human rights starts with what?
A. Loving others
B. Respect towards the others
C. Liking others
D. Caring others
RATIONALIZATION:
The mandate for human rights education is unequivocal: you have a human right to know your rights.
The Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) exhorts "every individual and every
organ of society" to "strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and
freedoms." Article 30 of the UDHR declares that one goal of education should be "the strengthening of
respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms." According to the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights (ICCPR), a government "may not stand in the way of people's learning about [their
rights]."

72. For a positive learning environment, it is good to make clear that an individual's beliefs and activities
should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. Which concept is explained?
A. Ethical relativism
B. Cultural relativism
C. Individual differences
D. Cultural sensitivity
RATIONALIZATION:
Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based
on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another. Cultural relativism
refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead,
we should try to understand cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context.

73. Which is a progressive approach in transforming education that holistically critiques current
shortcomings, failures, and discriminatory practices in education?
A. Transformative education
B. Peace Education
C. Multicultural education
D. Values education
RATIONALIZATION:
Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts,
values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds. At the classroom level,
for example, teachers may modify or incorporate lessons to reflect the cultural diversity of the students
in a particular class. In many cases, “culture” is defined in the broadest possible sense, encompassing
race, ethnicity, nationality, language, religion, class, gender, sexual orientation, and “exceptionality”—
a term applied to students with specialized needs or disabilities.

74. Which statement thinking/behavior indicates that he/she values diversity?

A. He/she emphasizes on the differences among people and disregards their commonalities
B. He/she regards his culture as inferior to other’s culture
C. He/she regards his culture as superior to other’s culture
D. He/she accepts the fact that all people are unique in their own.
RATIONALIZATION:
The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each
individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of
race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious
beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive,
and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance
to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual.

75. There is a gap between words and deeds, and so the teacher needs to exemplify certain characteristics,
the most personal of which is_____
A. To monitor one's own behavior
B. To be tolerant of others
C. To keep an open mind
D. To engage in socio-civic projects
RATIONALIZATION:
Self-monitoring is a concept introduced during the 1970s by Mark Snyder, that shows how much people
monitor their self-presentations, expressive behavior, and nonverbal affective displays. It is the act of
observing and regulating one's own behavior in a social context. It is defined as a personality trait that
refers to an ability to regulate behavior to accommodate social situations. People concerned with their
expressive self-presentation (see impression management) tend to closely monitor their audience in
order to ensure appropriate or desired public appearances. Self-monitors try to understand how
individuals and groups will perceive their actions. Some personality types commonly act spontaneously
(low self-monitors) and others are more apt to purposely control and consciously adjust their behavior
(high self-monitors).

76. Among important characteristics of successful teaching, which connotes dress, physique, freedom from
personal defects, personal magnetism, neatness, cleanliness, posture, and personal charm.
 A. Dominance
B. Buoyancy
C. Attractiveness
D. Drive
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Attractiveness connotes dress, physique, freedom from personal defects,
personal magnetism, neatness, cleanliness, posture, and personal charm. Physical attractiveness is the
degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. Physical
attraction itself includes universal perceptions common to all human cultures, as well as aspects that
are culturally and socially dependent, along with individual subjective preferences.

77. Among the important successful teaching which of the following shows fairness, impartiality, open
mindedness, free from prejudice and sense of awareness?
A. Buoyancy
B. Objectivity
C. Emotional Stability
D. Considerateness
RATIONALIZATION:
Objectivity is a noun that means a lack of bias, judgment, or prejudice. Maintaining one's objectivity is
the most important job of a judge.

78. What set of core values that Filipino Teacher possess to be a global teacher?
A. Cultural and historical rootedness and nationalism
B. Economic excellence and materialism
C. Inclusiveness and self-perseverance
D. Boundless thinking and interconnectivity
RATIONALIZATION:
A global teacher is a competent teacher who is armed with enough skills, appropriate attitude and
universal values to teach students with both time-tested as well as modern technologies in education in
any place in the world. He or she is someone who thinks and acts both locally and globally with
worldwide perspectives, right in the communities where he or she is situated. Patience, care, and kind
personality are characteristics related to being a compassionate person and having a sensitivity to
student differences, particularly with learners, was the second most frequently reported quality.

RESEARCH

79. In doing research, what will support a conclusion of a study so that it can be valid and true?
A. Hypothesis
B. Assumptions
C. Factual evidence
D. Implications
RATIONALIZATION:
Evidence is the facts, examples, or sources used to support a claim. In the sciences, this might be data
retrieved from an experiment or a scientific journal article. In the humanities, it may be a quotation from
the text, published information from academic critics, or a theory that supports your claims.

80. What type of research will be applied if you will group the students according to Grade 3,4,5 and 6?
A. Longitudinal
B. Experimental
C. Cross sectional
D. Strata
RATIONALIZATION:
Strata. Stratified random sampling refers to a sampling method in which the total population is divided
into non-overlapping subgroups. Each of the subgroups is called a stratum, and two or more subgroups
are called strata.
‘Strata’ is a characteristic of stratified sampling method in which the entire population is divided into
several homogeneous groups and a simple random sampling technique is applied on each of these
groups. Such homogeneous groups are called as Strata.
The population of each and every stratum is identical and significantly differs in its characteristics from
those of others. A stratum enables selection of no. of samples in accordance with the proportion of
sample population in the entire population. In this way, strata reduce the chances of under or over
representation of any particular type of population in sampling and provide proportionate representation
to all.

81. You want to examine specific-subpopulations such as those who played a part in the EDSA revolution
with focus on how their attitudes have changed, which study will you do?
A. Longitudinal study
B. Trend study
C. Cohort study
D. Cross-sectional study

ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
 82. The most appropriate focus for assessment of learning is determining ____________________.
A. Congruence of intended objectives and outcome
B. Effective teacher instruction and feedback
C. Efficiency of class management and discipline
D. Relevance of curriculum content and lesson content
RATIONALIZATION:
The most important aspect to consider in assessment of learning is the achievement of the lesson
objectives/outcomes. The results of assessment should be able to improve students’ learning and
teacher’ teaching as both respond to the information it provides. Assessment is an ongoing process
that arises out of the interaction between teaching and learning.

83. After teaching them the process of experimenting, Teacher Vanessa wanted her students to be able set
up an experiment to find an answer to a scientific problem. Which will she ask her students to do?
A. Research on the answers to this scientific problem: Can aerial plans survive when transferred in soil?
B. Can be aerial plants also live on land? Research on experiments already conducted.
C. Observe if aerial plants can survive when planted in soil. Note your observations and present them
in class.
D. Set up and experiment to find out if aerial plants can also live on land.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. It is considered as authentic form of assessment. Authentic assessment is the
measurement of "intellectual accomplishments that are worthwhile, significant, and meaningful," as
contrasted to multiple choice standardized tests. Authentic assessment can be devised by the teacher,
or in collaboration with the student by engaging student voice.

84. Teacher Prince sees to it that he checks for understanding as he teaches to ensure that every student
can follow the lesson. With what for/s of assessment is Teacher Prince occupied with?
A. Assessment AS Learning
B. Assessment FOR Learning
C. Assessment OF Learning
D. Assessment FOR and AS Learning
RATIONALIZATION:
Assessment for learning is ongoing assessment that allows teachers to monitor students on a day-to-
day basis and modify their teaching based on what the students need to be successful. This assessment
provides students with the timely, specific feedback that they need to make adjustments to their learning.

85. Teacher Merta is doing an assessment of learning. Which of the following questions would he likely
consider?
A. Have the students already achieved the intended outcomes?
B. Do the students have the prerequisite skills?
C. Which tasks are students handling satisfactorily?
D. What grade should I assign to each student?
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. The purpose of assessment OF learning is usually summative and is mostly
done at the end of a task, unit of work etc. “It is designed to provide evidence of achievement to parents,
other educators, the students themselves and sometimes to outside groups (e.g., employers, other
educational institutions).”

86. Which of the following is an example of diagnostic?

A. Journal writing and discussion
B. Student achievement test
C. 10-item test to contract difficulty of student
D. Quiz after unit lesson
RATIONALIZATION:
A diagnostic test is a form of pre-assessment that is used to determine students’ specific areas of
weakness and strength prior to instruction. It is primarily used to diagnose students difficulties and to
guide lesson and curriculum planning.

87. How can a teacher establish the reliability test?

I. Repeat the same test
II. Administer a parallel test
III. Split the test
IV. Vary the number of items

A. I, II, and III

B. I, II, and IV
C. I and IV only
D. II and III
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter A. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. The following are the
methods to establish reliability:
• Test-Retest: retaking the test
• Alternate forms of Equivalence: constructing a test that’s different in construction yet measures the
same objectives.
• Split-Half: involves splitting items into two sets

88. I would like to see if my students have achieved the objectives of my lesson. What portfolio would I like
to see?
A. Showcase portfolio
B. Assessment portfolio
C. Developmental portfolio
D. Objective portfolio
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. Assessment portfolios are intended to check if the students have learned the
lesson or if they have achieved the intended learning outcomes.

89. A teacher is applying for a teaching job. Which type of portfolio should accompany her application letter?
A. Assessment
B. Development
C. Showcase
D. Evaluation
RATIONALIZATION:
Showcase portfolios are created by a learner to showcase or display their best quality of work. A
portfolio a student submits to a teacher would include a representation of course of work or projects,
while a portfolio for a job interview would highlight skills and qualifications. Since in applying for a job
you basically want to impress the employer to hire you, you would need to highlight your best
achievements, which can be done through showcase portfolio.

90. Because of its nature, it’s used to measure the effectiveness of self-directed learning.
A. Holistic rubric
B. Analytical
C. Holistic only
D. Both Holistic and analytical
RATIONALIZATION:
Analytic rubrics can be more useful if you want to do self-assessment. It allows you to assess
achievements based on multiple criteria using a single rubric. You can assign different weights (value)
to different criteria and include overall achievement by totaling the criteria. Because it can include many
criteria, it can assess an individual’s strengths and weaknesses. As such, it is more effective for self-
directed learning.

91. In this type assessment, the score of the student in a test is related to other students.
A. Criterion-referenced
B. Norm-referenced
C. Formative
D. Diagnostic
RATIONALIZATION:
Norm-referenced test reports whether test takers performed worse or better than a hypothetically
average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a
statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already
taken the exam.

92. Which test is subjective and less reliable for scoring and grading?
A. Completion
B. True or false
C. Matching
D. Essay
RATIONALIZATION:
A subjective test is evaluated by giving an opinion. It can be compared with an objective test, which has
right or wrong answers and so can be marked objectively. Subjective tests are more challenging and
expensive to prepare, administer and evaluate correctly, but they can be more valid.
Tests of writing ability like essays are often subjective because they require an examiner to give an
opinion on the level of the writing.

93. Which does NOT belong to the group?

A. Completion test
B. Matching type
C. Multiple choice
D. Alternate response
RATIONALIZATION:
Completion test is under Supply Type of test which requires students to create and supply their own
answer to show mastery of knowledge or skills. Matching type, multiple choice, and alternate response
belong to selection type of test assessments in which students select a response from provided
alternatives (options).

94. Miss Eugenio would like to cover a wide variety of objectives in the quarterly examination in her English
class lesson on subject-verb agreement. Which of the following types of test is the most appropriate?
A. True-False B. Matching C. Multiple Choice D. Essay
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Among the given options, multiple choice can cover the widest scope of
objectives because of its nature. For example, a single 150-item licensure examination for teachers,
which is considered as multiple-choice type, can measure wide set of competencies in different subjects
in Professional Education.

95. What can be said of student performance in a negatively skewed class score distribution?
A. Most students performed well.
B. All students have average performance.
C. Few students performed well.
D. Most students performed poorly.
RATIONALIZATION:
A class’ score distribution is negatively skewed, or skewed to the left, if the scores fall toward the higher
side of the scale and there are very few low scores since most of the students got high scores.

96. A negative discrimination index means that:

A. The test item has low reliability.
B. The test item could not discriminate between the lower and upper groups.
C. More from the lower group answered the test item correctly.
D. More from the upper group got the item correctly.
RATIONALIZATION:
Discrimination Index refers to how well an assessment differentiates between high and low scorers. In
other words, you should be able to expect that the high-performing students would select the correct
answer for each question more often than the low-performing students. If this is true, then the
assessment is said to have a positive discrimination index (between 0 and 1) -- indicating that students
who received a high total score chose the correct answer for a specific item more often than the students
who had a lower overall score. If, however, you find that more of the low-performing students got a
specific item correct, then the item has a negative discrimination index (between -1 and 0).

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

97. Performance experiment is an example of _________________.

A. Demonstration
B. Direct purposeful experience
C. Contrived experience
D. Dramatized experience
RATIONALIZATION:
Direct purposeful experiences are our concrete and first hand experiences that make up the foundation
of our learning. These are the rich experiences that our senses bring from which we construct the
ideas, the concepts, the generalizations that give meaning and order to our lives (Dale, 1969). They are
the sensory experiences.
Example of Direct Purposeful Activities
1. Preparing meals or snacks
2. Making a piece of furniture
3. Performing a laboratory experiment
4. Delivering a speech

98. The more senses that are involved, the more and the better the learning. Which practice is aligned with
this principle?
A. Employ cooperative learning.
B. Teach using mostly verbal symbol.
C. Bring students to field trips with the consent of school and parents.
D. Invite parents as resource speakers in class.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. Cooperative learning is considered as a direct purposeful activity and first-hand
experience which means that it involves more senses than the other options given.

99. “What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand.” This means that pupils learn
best when they __________________.
A. Watch TV
B. Take active part in the teaching-learning process
C. Work independently
D. Work with groups
RATIONALIZATION:
The Chinese sentence above literally translates to "Not hearing is not as good as hearing, hearing is
not as good as seeing, seeing is not as good as mentally knowing, mentally knowing is not as good as
acting; true learning continues up to the point that action comes forth (or, only when a thing produces
action can it be said to have been truly learned)." It means that learning by doing is better than hearing
and seeing.

100. Teacher Dada demonstrates how to work with a Math Application that provides
practice in adding mixed fractions. The students then work independently with the app to provide them
sufficient practice in adding mixed fraction. This level of technology integration is called:
 A. Entry-active
B. Adoption-active
C. Infusion-active
D. Transformation-active
RATIONALIZATION:
Active Learning Adoption Level – conventional or procedural use of tools

Students: Students are using technology in conventional ways and the locus of control is on the
teacher.

Teacher: The teacher controls the type of technology and how it is used. The teacher may be pacing
the students through a project, making sure that they complete each step in the same sequence with
the same tool. Although the students are more active than students at the Entry level in their use of
technology, the teacher strongly regulates activities.
Setting: Setting is arranged for direct instruction and individual seat work. The students may have very
limited and regulated access to the technology resources.