Roll No.

__________________ 01 March, 2017

Sarhad University, Peshawar

(Distance Education)

Paper : Discrete Mathematics - MA213 Examination: Final, Fall - 2016

Time Allowed: 3 hours Total Marks: 70, Passing Marks (35)

NOTE: Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Mobile phones and other electronic
gadgets are not allowed in the examination hall.

Q.1 (a) Define the following terms (i) Biconditional (ii) Conjuction (iii) Imlication

(b) Show that the statement form p   p is a tautology and the statement form
p   p is a contradiction.

Q.2 (a) Construct the truth table for p   q   p .

(b) Show that p  q and  p  q    q  p  are logically equivalent.

Q.3 (a) Define the following terms (i) onto function (ii) one-one function (iii) Bijective function
(b) Prove that A  B  A  B

Q.4 (a) Define the following terms (i) Reflexive relation (ii) Symmetric relation (iii) Transitive relation
(b) Let A   0,1, 2, 3 and defined relations R, S and T on A as follows:’
R    0,0  ,  0,1 ,  0,3 , 1,0  , 1,1 ,  2,2  ,  3,0  ,  3,3  , S    0,0  ,  0,2  ,  0,3 ,  2,3  .
and T    0,1 ,  2,3 . Are R, S and T reflexive? Symmetric? Transitive?

Q.5 (a) Find the number of combinations of 4 objects, A, B, C. D, taken 3 at a time.

(b) In a group of six people, must there be at least two who were born in the same Month.

Q6. (a) Define the following terms (i) Graphs (ii) Digraphs (iii) Divisibility
(b) Use the mathematical induction to prove that n 3  n is divisible by 3 whenever n
is a positive integer.

Q7. (a) Define the following terms (i) Sample Space (ii) Event (iii) Probability

(b) A fair coin tossed three times. What is the probability to get at most one head in three tosses.

Q8. Write the brief note on (i) Tree traversal (ii) Quantifiers
(iii) Application of trees

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