Heat Transfer Laboratory

Formal Report

Determining the Specific Heat of Metals

Conducted by:
María Fernanda Romo Santiago
Yovana García Morais

Date Performed: January 17, 2018

Date Due: January 28, 2018

Coordination of Chemical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
Universidad Anáhuac México
Campus Norte
 Determining the Specific Heat of Metals

Table content

1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. Introduction ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Apparatus and Procedure ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. Presentation and Discussion of Results .................................................................... 3
6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 4
7. Recommendations ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8. Nomenclature ............................................................................................................... 4
9. References ................................................................................................................... 5
10. Appendix A ................................................................................................................. 5
11. Rubric ....................................................................................................................... 13
1. Introduction

For the purpose of this practice, we compared the specific heat of different metals
by using a calorimeter and determined it experimentally. The error rate was also
calculated by comparing the experimental value with the theoretical one. The
bigger error rate was presented in the Aluminum (1) with an error rate of 70% while
the smallest one was the Stainless Steel with 0.14% of error rate. This may be due
to the difference in the measurements of the boiling points for each team.

2. Presentation and Discussion of Results

The results of the specific heat of the metal obteinded from the energy balance are
presented in the following table:

Table 1. Experimental specific heat for the metal

Metal Cpm(J/kgºC)

Brass 𝟑𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟎𝟕

Anodized aluminium 𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟔

Carbon steel 𝟒𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟗𝟑

Stainless steel 𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟓𝟖

In Table 1 is the average of the experimental data that were taken.

All the tables are in the appendix A:

The variations in Table 2 are in temperature, where these changes exist because
at the moment of transferring the metal to the calorimeter, there could have been a
change in temperature and not having an exact reading.

In Table 3 compared to Table 1, in the last temperature reading there is a huge

variation, this is because the calorimeter could have been hot and the last reading
was added with the current one. This also is reflected on the error rate, which is the
biggest of all.

In Table 4 compared to 3 and 2, very small variation in temperature was obtained.

This is seen in the error percentage, where it is the smallest of all.
For Table 5, there are more variations comparing with Table 4 and Table 2, but has
fewer variations than Table 3. The percentage of error is very similar of Table 2.
For all temperature readings, there were errors, where almost all are within the
normal, which do not exceed half, except for the last temperature data 4 in Table 3.

3. Conclusions

- Each material has a different specific heat depending on the specific

characteristics and properties of each one.

- The measurement of the temperatures influences the results, depending on the

temperature readings, also are reflected in the error rate.


- Due to the Law of conservation of Energy, the energy balance is equal to zero
because the heat gained by the water is equal to the heat loss by the metal.

-The energy balance involves the heated water, the calorimeter and the hot metal.

8. Nomenclature

Kc = calorimeter calibration constant

Cp =specific heat
M = molar mass
mc = mass of the calorimeter
mH2O = mass of the water
T = temperature
Q = heat
Qc= heat of the calorimeter
Qw= heat of the water
J = joules
°C = degrees Celsius
Kg = kilogram
4. References

1. Anthony McBain Collieu (1977) Propiedades mecánicas y térmicas de los

materiales. Spain: Reverté.
2. Castellan G. (1987) Fisicoquímica. Mexico: Pearson Educación.

10. Appendix A
 Results
Table 2. Brass temperature recording
Cpm from
tables at
Cpm 20ºC Error rate
Material Mass H2O (kg) T1(ºC) T2(ºC) T3(ºC) (J/kgºC) (J/kgºC) (%)

0.0492 20 87 23 392.192 385 /14.77/

Brass 0.0492 22 87 25 404.795

0.029 (kg) 0.0492 24 86 27 425.327

0.0492 25 87 27 278.817

0.0492 26 87 26 139.405

𝟑𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟎𝟕 Average

Table 3. Anodized aluminium temperature recording

Cpm from
tables at
Cpm 20ºC Error rate
Material Mass H2O (kg) T1(ºC) T2(ºC) T3(ºC) (J/kgºC) (J/kgºC) (%)

645.699 1530.4353

0.0503 21.5 88 23 /-67.70/

Anodized 874.358
aluminium 0.0503 22 88 24

0.0091 (kg) 0.0503 22 88 24.5 1101.54

0.0503 22 80.5 24.5 1092.93

0.0503 22 88 49.5 19979.3

𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟔 Average

Table 4. Carbon steel temperature recording

Material Mass H2O (kg) T1(ºC) T2(ºC) T3(ºC)
Cpm Cpm from Error rate
 (J/kgºC) tables at (%)
20ºC
(J/kgºC)

0.0494 20 92 24 555.528 465 /2.23/

Carbon steel 0.0494 21 91 24 416.634

0.0264 (kg) 0.0494 23 91 26 435.811

0.0494 23 92 26 429.208

0.0494 24 92 27 435.785

𝟒𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟗𝟑 Average

Table 5. Stainless steel temperature recording

Cpm from
tables at
Cpm 20ºC Error rate
Material Mass H2O (kg) T1(ºC) T2(ºC) T3(ºC) (J/kgºC) (J/kgºC) (%)

0.049 21 88 23 308.998 468 /16.16/

Stainless 393.046
steel 0.049 23 88 25

0.02 (kg) 0.049 25 88 27 405.885

0.049 27 88 29 419.594

0.049 29 88 31 434.265

𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟓𝟖 Average

Calculus
a) Energy balance of the system

 Because the heat that enters the system is equal to the heat that leaves it:

Q=0 (1)

The heat gained by the system is given by the next equation, which represents the
heat of the water and the heat of the metal

Qg = Qw + QM (2)

As we can see in the “theory” section the heat is defined also by this expression:

-mmCpm (T3 – T2) = mwCpw (T3 – T1) + kc (T3 – T1) (3)

Then, we clear Cpm from the equation and we obtained the next results:

b) Calorimeter constant of calibration

Using:

mwCpw (T3 – T1) + kc (T3 – T1)

Cpm = (4)
mm(T2 – T3)

From Table 1. Brass temperature recording

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 21.5 ºC = 4181.55 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝑱
Where kc to 50mL = 42.76 º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4181.55 (23º𝐶−20º𝐶)+ 42.76 (23º𝐶−20º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚1 = 0.0296𝑘𝑔 (87º𝐶−23º𝐶)
= 𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 23.5 ºC = 4180.95 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.95 (25º𝐶−22º𝐶)+ 42.76 (25º𝐶−22º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚2 = 0.0296𝑘𝑔 (87º𝐶−22º𝐶)
= 𝟒𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 25.5 ºC = 4180.35 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.35 (27º𝐶−24º𝐶)+ 42.76 (27º𝐶−24º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚3 = 0.0296𝑘𝑔 (86º𝐶−27º𝐶)
= 𝟒𝟐𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
 𝑱
From tables Cpw to 26 ºC = 4180.2 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.2 (27º𝐶−25º𝐶)+ 42.76 (27º𝐶−25º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚4 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟏𝟕
0.0296𝑘𝑔 (87º𝐶−27º𝐶) 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 26.5 ºC = 4180.05 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.05 (27º𝐶−26º𝐶)+ 42.76 (27º𝐶−26º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚5 = 0.0296𝑘𝑔 (87º𝐶−27º𝐶)
= 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱
(𝟑𝟗𝟐.𝟏𝟗𝟐 +𝟒𝟎𝟒.𝟕𝟗𝟓 + 𝟒𝟐𝟓.𝟑𝟐𝟕 +𝟐𝟕𝟖.𝟖𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏𝟑𝟗.𝟒𝟎𝟓 ) 𝑱
𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
Average= 𝟓
= 𝟑𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

From Table 2. Anodized aluminium temperature recording

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 22.5 ºC = 4181.25 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝑱
Where kc to 50mL = 42.76 º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.050𝑘𝑔∗4181.25 (23º𝐶−21.5º𝐶)+ 42.76 (23º𝐶−21.5º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚1 = 0.009𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−23º𝐶)
= 𝟔𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 23 ºC = 4181.1 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.050𝑘𝑔∗4181.1 (24º𝐶−22º𝐶)+ 42.76 (24º𝐶−22º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚2 = 0.009𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−24º𝐶)
= 𝟖𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 23.25 ºC = 4181.03 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.050𝑘𝑔∗4181.03 (24.5º𝐶−22º𝐶)+ 42.76 (24.5º𝐶−22º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚3 = 0.009𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−24.5º𝐶)
= 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 23.25 ºC = 4181.03 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.050𝑘𝑔∗4181.03 (24.5º𝐶−22º𝐶)+ 42.76 (24.5º𝐶−22º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚4 = 0.009𝑘𝑔 (88.5º𝐶−24.5º𝐶)
= 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 35.75 ºC = 4179.58 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
 𝐽 𝐽
0.050𝑘𝑔∗4179.58 (49.5º𝐶−22º𝐶)+ 42.76 (49.5º𝐶−22º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚5 = 0.009𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−49.5º𝐶)
= 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟗. 𝟑 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱
𝟔𝟒𝟓.𝟔𝟗𝟗 +𝟖𝟕𝟒.𝟑𝟓𝟖 +𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏.𝟓𝟒 +𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐.𝟗𝟑 +𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟗.𝟑 𝑱
𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
Average= 𝟓
= 𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

From Table 3. Carbon steel temperature recording

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 22ºC = 4181.4 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
Where kc to 50mL = 42.76 º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.0494𝑘𝑔∗4181.4 (24º𝐶−20º𝐶)+ 42.76 (24º𝐶−20º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚1 = = 𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.0264𝑘𝑔 (92º𝐶−24º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 22.5 ºC = 4181.25 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝐽 𝐽
0.0494𝑘𝑔∗4181.25 (24º𝐶−21º𝐶)+ 42.76 (24º𝐶−21º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚2 = = 𝟒𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟑𝟒
0.0264𝑘𝑔 (92º𝐶−24º𝐶) 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 24.5 ºC = 4180.65 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.0494𝑘𝑔∗4180.65 (26º𝐶−23º𝐶)+ 42.76 (26º𝐶−23º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚3 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟓. 𝟖𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.0264𝑘𝑔 (91º𝐶−26º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 24.5 ºC = 4180.65 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.0494𝑘𝑔∗4180.65 (26º𝐶−23º𝐶)+ 42.76 (26º𝐶−23º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚4 = = 𝟒𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.0264𝑘𝑔 (92º𝐶−26º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 25.5 ºC = 4180.35𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.0494𝑘𝑔∗4180.35 (27º𝐶−24º𝐶)+ 42.76 (27º𝐶−24º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚5 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.0264𝑘𝑔 (92º𝐶−27º𝐶)
 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱
𝟓𝟓𝟓.𝟓𝟐𝟖 +𝟒𝟏𝟔.𝟔𝟑𝟒 +𝟒𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟏𝟏 +𝟒𝟐𝟗.𝟐𝟎𝟖 +𝟒𝟑𝟓.𝟕𝟖𝟓 𝑱
𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
Average= = 𝟒𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝟓

From Table 4. Stainless steel temperature recording

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 22ºC = 4181.4 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝑱
Where kc to 50mL = 42.76 º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4181.4 (23º𝐶−21º𝐶)+ 42.76 (23º𝐶−21º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚1 = = 𝟑𝟎𝟖. 𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.02𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−23º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 24 ºC = 4180.8 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪

𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.8 (25º𝐶−23º𝐶)+ 42.76 (25º𝐶−23º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚2 = = 𝟑𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.02𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−25º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 26 ºC = 4180.2 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4180.2 (27º𝐶−25º𝐶)+ 42.76 (27º𝐶−25º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚3 = = 𝟒𝟎𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.02𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−27º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 28 ºC = 4179.6 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4179.6 (29º𝐶−27º𝐶)+ 42.76 (29º𝐶−27º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚4 = = 𝟒𝟏𝟗. 𝟓𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.02𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−29º𝐶)

𝑱
From tables Cpw to 30ºC = 4179𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝐽 𝐽
0.049𝑘𝑔∗4179 (31º𝐶−29º𝐶)+ 42.76 (31º𝐶−29º𝐶) 𝑱
𝑘𝑔º𝐶 º𝐶
𝐶𝑝𝑚5 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
0.02𝑘𝑔 (88º𝐶−31º𝐶)

𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱 𝑱
𝟑𝟎𝟖.𝟗𝟗𝟖 +𝟑𝟗𝟑.𝟎𝟒𝟔 +𝟒𝟎𝟓.𝟖𝟖𝟓 +𝟒𝟏𝟗.𝟓𝟗𝟒 +𝟒𝟑𝟒.𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝑱
𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
Average= = 𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝒈∗º𝑪
𝟓

Error rate
𝑪𝒑𝒎𝒕−𝑪𝒑𝒎𝒆
𝒆= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝒑𝒎𝒕
 385 − 328.107
𝒆𝟏 = 𝑥100 =/𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟕%/
385

1530.4353 − 4738.76
𝒆𝟐 = 𝑥100 =/−𝟔𝟕. 𝟕𝟎%/
4738.76

465 − 454.593
𝒆𝟑 = 𝑥100 =/𝟐. 𝟐𝟑%/
465

468 − 392.35
𝒆𝟒 = 𝑥100 =/𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟔%/
468

NOTE: Cp value was found in Data books, Heat transfer and fluid flow, “Fluid flow
division”, Section 410.2,page 4, General Electric,Genium Publishing, Mayo, 1982.
 11. Rubric
Excellent (10) Good (9 – 8) Regular (7 – 6) Deficient (5 – 0)
Percentage A B C D
Calculations: equations correctly set-out,
A: an ability to apply adequate symbology used, exponents of 10
All calculation 4 or more
knowledge of and prefixes correctly employed, One calculation not 2 - 3 calculation not
10.0

fulfilled with no calculation not

mathematics, science measurement units correctly associated and fulfilled fulfilled.
errors fulfilled.
and engineering. equations completely written in both literal
and numeric forms
10.0
All experimental One error or 2 - 3 errors or 4 or more errors
work completely oversight in oversights in or oversights in
and correctly experimental experimental experimental
5.0

done, according work , according work, according work, according

to applicable to applicable to applicable to applicable
guidelines. guidelines guidelines guidelines
Experimental
work Student groups apply
knowledge Student groups make
Student groups apply with no significant Student groups apply significant
5.0

knowledge with virtually no conceptual knowledge conceptual and/or

conceptual or procedural errors and only minor with occasional conceptual procedural
errors affecting the quality of procedural errors and only minor errors affecting the quality of
the experimental results. errors. procedural errors. the experimental results.

Graphs: coordinate axes drawn straight and

All guidelines for 2 - 3 guidelines 4 or more
perpendicular, orientation marks attached to One guideline for
graph drawing for graph guidelines for
5.0

axes, variables associated to axes, axes graph drawing

fulfilled with no drawing not graph drawing
properly scaled, waveform correctly traced not fulfilled
errors fulfilled not fulfilled
B: An ability to with value marks attached at important points
design and conduct
experiments, as well
as to analyze and Student shows less than 49%
Student shows 100% the Student shows 75% the Student shows 50% the the results and no
5.0

interpret data.
results and the corresponding results and the corresponding results and the corresponding corresponding analysis
analysis analysis analysis presented.

Results and analysis Perform 100% of the Perform 75% of the Perform 75% of the Perform less than 75% of
additional additional additional the additional
proposed assignments for proposed assignments for proposed assignments for proposed assignments for
5.0

establishing fundamental establishing fundamental establishing fundamental establishing fundamental

context and comparison context and comparison context and comparison context and comparison
bases. bases. bases. bases.

Student presents the Student presents the Student presents the

LAB REPORT

5.0

conclusions in numbered conclusions in numbered conclusions (not in numbered

statements, each one is statements, they are not statements), they are not Student does not present any
Conclusions concise and precise concise and precise concise and precise conclusions

Conclusions regarding major

All important conclusions have points are drawn, but many are
5.0

All important conclusions have been brought forward, could be misstated, indicating a lack of Conclusions missing or missing
been clearly brought forward. better stated understanding. the important points.
35.0
Expected error calculation:
4 or more
correctly determine the No mistakes in One mistake in 2 - 3 mistakes in
mistakes in
values of the coefficients coefficients and coefficients and coefficients and
10.0

coefficients and
K: An ability to use associated to heat transfer, as well as the expected error expected error expected error
expected error
the techniques, skills errors calculation. calculation. calculation.
calculation.
and themselves.
modern engineering
tool necessary for The apparatus diagram is The apparatus diagram is not The apparatus diagram is
engineering practice. prepared with a drawing prepared with a drawing prepared with a drawing
The apparatus diagram is not
10.0

Apparatus description. program. Chemical program. Chemical program. Chemical

included in the report.
Engineering symbols for the Engineering symbols for the Engineering symbols for the
unit operations are used. unit operations are used. unit operations are not used.
20.0
Format: abstract, Table of Content,
Fulfill 100% of Fulfill 75% of Fulfill 50% of Requirements set
2.00

Introduction
requirements set requirements set requirements set out by professor
conclusion,
out by professor. out by professor. out by professor. not fulfilled.
information, etc

Proper vocabulary although a Rich vocabulary is used

2.00

Rich and proper vocabulary is Poor and inproper vocabulaty

Vocabulary bit limited is used for the although not proper for the
used for the theme. is used for the theme.
theme. theme.
2.00

No spelling 1 - 4 spelling 5 - 9 spelling 10 or more spells

Spelling
errors. errors. errors. errors.
G: An ability to
communicate
effectively The Experimental Procedure
The Experimental Procedure is covers most important The Experimental Procedure is
2.0

Apparatus and Procedure description. well‐written in paragraph experimental missing some important The Experimental Procedure is
format. All experimental details. Some minor details experimental details. missing many important
details are covered. missing. experimental details.

Information
sources: defined Fulfill 100% of sources Fulfill 75% of sources Fulfill 50% of sources
Information
2.00

by professor: established by professor. established by professor. established by professor.

sources not
books, essays, Compliant to APA format. Compliant to APA format. Compliant to APA format.
reported.
Internet, Reliable Reliable Reliable
magazines, etc
10.0
Fulfill 100% of Fulfill 75% of Fulfill 50% of Requirements set
8.33

Format: experimental conditions, results,

requirements set requirements set requirements set out by professor
discussion, conclusions and recommendations
TECHNICAL MEMO

out by professor. out by professor. out by professor. not fulfilled.

G: An ability to
Fulfill 100% of Fulfill 75% of Fulfill 50% of Requirements set
8.33

communicate Results: A brief table of results or a graph

requirements set requirements set requirements set out by professor
effectively should be included to support the conclusions
out by professor. out by professor. out by professor. not fulfilled.
8.33

Length 2-page length. More 2-page length. Less 2-page length. Less 1-page length.

25.0
Grade
100.0 0.00