PRESENTATION

"A particle at rest, or moving in a straight line with constant velocity, will remain in this
state as long as it is not subjected to an unbalanced force."

Newton in establishing the laws of motion, made a revolution for all sciences that until
now are the fundamental basis of many branches of physics, in this case mechanics is the
science that helps in the design of structures, which is one of the important issues within civil
engineering.

The mechanics are found from the Greek Archimedes (287-212 BC) referring to the
principle of the lever and systems. Galileo (1564-1642) with its revolutionary astronomical
discoveries and movement of bodies.

"The mutual forces of action and reaction between two particles are equal, opposite and
collinear."
 NEWTON LAWS AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO ENGINEERING

1st law = Every body that is at rest will remain at rest unless an external force forces it
out of its state. This law is necessary because on a suspension bridge nature will be exerting
different disturbances, by wind, earthquakes, or other factors, which must be provided to
guarantee stability.

2nd law = The change in the movement of a body is proportional to the magnitude of the
force that disturbs it. In other words, the disturbances that the bridge may suffer will have the
same direction of the disturbance.

3rd law = With every action an equal and opposite reaction occurs. Suppose that on a
bridge a person begins to cross, the weight of that person exerts an ideally vertical and
downward force, to which the bridge will oppose, generating a force of equal magnitude and
upwards.
 NEWTON'S LAWS AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING

HANGING BRIDGES

Bridges are structures designed to overcome natural obstacles, such as rivers, valleys,
lakes or sea arms, and artificial obstacles, such as railways or roads, in order to transport goods,
allow the movement of people and transfer substances from a site to another.

LAWS THAT ACT:

 Newton's Third Law, this is true in the center of the arch and the foundation of the
pillars. The forces are always presented in pairs of equal magnitude, opposite direction
and are located on the same line.

 Law of gravitation: Here the weight of the entire bridge will have to be attracted by
gravity.

 Newton's First Law: In this case the bridge remains at rest (stable), the passage of a
vehicle will only suffer a small vibration.

BUILDINGS

A building is a type of construction made from solid materials and used to house people
and objects, that is, as housing, and also for the realization of various activities among which
trade.

LAWS THAT ACT:

 Newton's First Law: Because the building or dwelling is constructed to remain at rest,
holding steady.

 Newton's Third Law: Because the ground is holding with the same force but in the
opposite direction, otherwise it would tend to sink the construction.