In analog transmitter signal transmission the value of 4 mA can be called –

A. Dead zero B. Live zero C. Dead span D. Live span

In analog transmitter signal transmission the value of 4 mA can be called –
A. Dead zero B. Live zero C. Dead span D. Live span

Linearity error is found for an instrument over entire span at the following points - Lower
range value B. Mid-span C. Upper range value
Indicate (by ticking in each row of the table below) where all the error might possibly
have occurred if the error is specified as–
1. zero based linearity A B C
2. terminal based linearity A B C

3. independent linearity A B C

In an instrument, if - repeatability error is subtracted from reproducibility the resulting

error need not necessarily include the error due to –
A. Hysteresis B. Drift C. Sensitivity D. Dead band

If random errors reduce precision, the systematic errors reduce –

A. Accuracy B. Repeatability C. Linearity D. Reproducibility

An undesired change in output over a period of time may be found inclusive in the term
for –
A. Repeatability B. Hysteresis C. Dead band D. Reproducibility

A P&ID would show the following –

A. Instruments, controllers and their interconnections
B. Drain and vent lines
C. Piping is actual length and geometry
D. None of the above

.In an instrument having some random errors, the overall error shall be best estimated as -
A. Mean of all individual errors
B. Standard deviation of all individual errors
C. Root of mean of squares of all individual errors
D. Root of sum of squares of all individual errors

An instrument tag appears as ‘TT 101’. The second letter ‘T’ in the tag signifies –
A. Transmitter B. Temperature
C. Time D. Transducer
 25. For level measurement, which of the following methods is generally more suitable
for point level detection rather than continuous level detection –
A. Hydrostatic B. Capacitance based
C. Conductivity based D. Ultrasonic

29. The above figure shows 3 curves (A, B and C) for a typical step response of the
Proportional (P), Proportional plus Integral (PI) and Proportional plus Integral plus
Derivative (PID) controller. Match the curves in column 1 to their best identified
controller type in column 2 below and write your answer clearly (e.g. if A matches with
PID, write A PID) (3 marks)
Column 1 Column 2
A P
B PI
C PID

Which sensor does not need a resistance bridge as secondary transducer –

Strain gauge Thermistor RTD Piezoelectric

True False:
 A load cell can be based on piezoelectric or piezoresistive transducer. (True)
In a level measurement method using a displacer as a primary sensing element the
secondary element measures motion of displacement

Flow:
The following type of orifice is not preferred for measuring low flows of high viscous
fluids –
A. Square edge orifice B. Conical entrance orifice C. Quadrant edge orifice D.
None of the above

The following tappings of orifice is expected to give lowest differential pressure–

A. Flange taps B. Radius taps C. Vena contracta taps D. Pipe taps

As compared to orifice the use of venturi tube for flow measurement is expected to result
in less –
A. Initial cost B. Accuracy C. Pressure loss D. Physical size

The following type of flowmeter is not an example of velocity type flowmeter –

A. Turbine meter B. Nutating disc C. Ultrasonic D. Vortex shedding

30. Match each of the 6 feature given under column A for differential pressure measurement
based flow measuring application using orifice to the most appropriate differential
pressure tappings under column B and write your answer clearly (e.g. if A.1 matches with
B.2, write A.1 B.2) (3 marks)
A B
1. Taps with minimum distance between HP & LP tappings 1. Corner taps
2. Taps with maximum distance between HP & LP tappings 2. Flange taps
3. Taps flush with orifice plate 3. Vena contracta taps

4. Taps not required to be bored through the process pipe 4. Radius taps
5. Taps location not entirely dependent on pipe bore 5. Pipe
tappings
6. Close approximation of vena contracta taps

31. Match each of the 6 feature given under column A for differential pressure measurement
based flow measuring application using orifice to the most appropriate differential
pressure tappings under column B and write your answer clearly (e.g. if A.1 matches with
B.2, write A.1 B.2) (3 marks)
A B
1. HART protocol 1. Corner taps
2. Taps with maximum distance between HP & LP tapp 2. Watch dog timer
3. Fail safe mechanism in PLC 3. Hybrid of analog and digital
 4. Taps not required to be bored through the process pipe4. Fieldbus
Digital communication with true multidrop capability 5. True multidrop

7. Close approximation of vena contracta taps

Match the following signal lines typically found in a P&ID to their correct identification
in column B and write your answer clearly (e.g. if A.1 matches with B.2, write A.1
B.2) (3 marks)

Column A Column B

1. Hydraulic signal 1.

2. Pneumatic signal 2.

3. Software or data link 3.

4. Sonic signal (guided) 4.

5. Electric signal 5.

6. Capillary tubing 6.

Column A Column B
Float type level instrument Archimides Principle
Displacer type level instrument Buoyancy Principle
Reflex Level gauge Refraction
Transparent level gauge Relection
Nucleonic Time of flight
Radar based level measurement Signal attenuation

The following is not an important step in PLC scan cycle –

A. Check input B. Execute program C. Update output D. Communicate remotely

18. Which of the following is not a feature identified with smart transmitters -
A. Digital output B. Unidirectional communication
C. Range change capability D. Onboard microprocessor
In spite of general trend to replace pneumatics by electrical/electronic devices,
pneumatically operated control valves are still used, because –
A. The transmission signal from controller to control valves is pneumatic
B. The electrical signals are a safety hazard
C. The pneumatic actuation of control valves is faster
D. None of the above

A control valve is used to control flow from a centrifugal pump in a fill line connected to
a water tank bottom. The preferred flow characteristics for this valve is –
A. Linear B Square Root C. Equal Percentage D. Hyperbolic

‘Air to open’ type valve actuators are –

A. Fail open type B. Direct acting C. Reverse acting D. None of the above

In feedback control, it is possible to compensate the effect on the controlled variable of

the following –
A. Measured disturbances only B. Unmeasured disturbances only
C. Set point variation only D. All disturbances

A valve positioner requires the following for its operation –

A. Control signal only B. Instrument Supply Air only
C. Both A & B D. Neither A nor B

In level control applications Integral (I) control is preferred to be added with Proportional
(P) control as it –
A. Eliminates offset B. Reduces amplitude of oscillations
C. Makes response time fast D. Reduces settling time

The variable used by feedback controller to maintain the controlled variable at the desired
value is called –
A. Measured variable B. Manipulated variable
C. Process variable D. Controlled variable

In standard analog signal transmission using 4-20mA the value ‘4 mA’ can be called –
A. Live zero B. Dead zero C. Suppressed Zero D. Span

For a temperature measuring instrument with a range as –20 to +180 C, while reading a
temperature of 95 C, which of the following accuracy specification means the highest
accuracy –
A. 1% of FSD B. 1% of span C. 2% of reading D.  1.85 C error
 The repeatability error can also be specified as –
A. Zero error B. Precision error C. Bias error D. Span error

A known voltage of 100 volts is measured by a voltmeter 5 times and the indicated values are
104, 103, 105, 103 and 105 volts. The precision of the instrument can be best approximated
as –
A. 1 % B. 2 % C. 2.5 % D. 5 %

As compared to relay based control, which of the following is not a correct statement for
PLC –
A PLC offers flexibility for control logic changes
B. PLC can be faster than mechanical counterparts
C. PLC can be easily expanded for future growth
D. Changes in PLC logic can only be made offline

True or False –

In a PID control, reducing integral action time would decrease integral action component
of control.
‘K’ type thermocouple is the most linear of the base metal thermocouples.
Digital indicator can be used to display an analog scale.
Relay based control system generally has a remote data communication facility.
Paperless recorders can display and record data but can not transmit it for remote
monitoring.
Rotameters are constant differential pressure variable area devices.
It is difficult to correct random errors of measurement, than systematic errors.
A pressure transmitter always has a transducer internally.

Mass flow meters do not require compensation for changing temperatures and pressure
conditions.

Input Output modules are the interface of PLC or DCS with the process.
Personal Computers are better than Programmable Logic Controllers for any long term
data storage, history and trending.

In an orifice plate a small hole is provided above the orifice

bore as shown in the adjacent figure.
This hole is provided for measuring flow of –
A. Liquid containing solids
B. Solid containing liquid
C. Gas containing liquid
D. Liquid containing gases
 Velocity meter type flowmeters are listed under column A. can be expected to have a
piezoelectric element as a secondary transducer to measure the flow –

32. Match each of the 6 flowmeters listed under column A to the secondary sensor or
parameter associated with them, under column B, for deducing the flow information and
write your answer clearly (e.g. if A.1 matches with B.2, write A.1 B.2) (3 marks)
A. B
1. Turbine flowmeter 1. Frequency shift
2. Electromagnetic flowmeter 2. Piezoelectric sensor
3. Doppler Ultrasonic flowmeter 3. Magnetic pick-up
4. Transit Ultrasonic flowmeter 4. Phase shift
5. Vortex shedding flowmeter 5. Voltage pick-up
6. Coriolis mass flowmeter 6. Time difference

In a thermal mass flow meter for measuring mass flow rate flowing medium is heated by
heater. If in the vicinity of heater, temperature measured at upstream of the heater is T1
and that at downstream is T2 and the differential temperature (T2 –T1) is kept constant by
heater control, the mass flow rate indicated by the meter will be -
A. proportional to current input to heater B. proportional to voltage input to heater
C. proportional to resistance of heater D. proportional to power input to heater

14. A differential pressure (dp) measuring device indicated dp = 600 mm. If the pressure at
high pressure connection side is 1060 mm of mercury (absolute), what is pressure at low
pressure side ? (Note: Atmospheric pressure= 760 mm of Hg)
A 160 mm mercury (gaugee) vacuum B. 300 mm mercury (absolute)
C. 300 mm mercury (gaugee) vacuum D. 460 mm mercury (gaugee) vacuum

In a capacitive type differential pressure

transmitter as shown in the adjacent figure,
what change can be expected in the 2
capacitances C1 and C2 when a positive
differential pressure is applied
A. C1 will increase, C2 will decrease
B. C1 will decrease, C2 will increase
C. Both C1 and C2 will decrease
D. Both C1 and C2 will increase
In strain gauges the fractional change in resistance for a given strain –
A. Increases with gauge factor
B. Decreases with gauge factor
C. Is related but does not change with gauge factor
D. Is not related in any way with gauge factor

In pressure measurement application which of the following secondary transducer does

not require an external excitation –
A. LVDT B. Strain Gauge C. Capacitive D. Piezoelectric

In pressure measurement application which of the following secondary transducer is an

example of inductive transducer –
A. LVDT B. Strain Gauge C. Potentiometric D. Piezoelectric

See the ppt presented and add Qs about temperature compensation

of SG and position sensitivity of SG.

Which of the following metallic sensing element normally has the highest pressure
measuring capability -
A. Bourdon tubes B. Metallic Diaphragm C. Non-metallic Diaphragm D. Capsules

For level measurement, which of the following methods is generally more suitable for
point level detection rather than continuous level detection –
A. Hydrostatic B. Capacitance based
C. Conductivity based D. Ultrasonic