EIA Report For IOCL Una Himachal Pradesh PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
FOR
PROPOSED AUGMENTATION IN LPG BULK STORAGE CAPACITY AT

LPG BOTTLING PLANT AT MEHATPUR, UNA, HIMACHAL PRADESH
SUBMITTED TO
M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
PREPARED BY
M/s. ULTRA-TECH
ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY
(GazzetedByMoEF)
Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,
Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061
Tel: 022 2534 2776, Fax: 022 25429650, Email: sales@ultratech.In
Website: www.ultratech.in
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 6
1.1 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent ................................................................. 6
1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ......................................... 7
1.3 Scope of the Study............................................................................................................ 9
1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ........................................................................... 9
1.5 Objective and Scope of EIA Study ................................................................................ 10
1.6 Structure of EIA Report ................................................................................................. 10
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION................................................................................ 12
2.1 Type of project ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Need and Justification of the Project.............................................................................. 12
2.3 Location & Layout ......................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Salient Features of the Project ........................................................................................ 18
2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ........................................... 19
2.4.2 Land use .................................................................................................................. 19
2.5 Process Description ........................................................................................................ 19
2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage ........................................................................................ 19
2.5.2 Unloading................................................................................................................ 19
2.5.3 LPG Pump House ................................................................................................... 19
2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air Drying Unit ..................................................................... 19
2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities ........................................................ 20
2.6 Process Flow Chart......................................................................................................... 21
2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility ........................................................................................... 22
2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets ............................................................................. 22
2.7.2 Parking Lot.............................................................................................................. 23
2.8 Fire Prevention System .................................................................................................. 23
2.9 Plant and Equipment Details .......................................................................................... 25
2.10 Power Requirement ........................................................................................................ 27
2.11 Manpower Requirement ................................................................................................. 27
2.12 Water and Wastewater Management.............................................................................. 28
2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ................................................................ 28
CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 29
3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 29
3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 29
3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting .............................................................. 29
3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area................................................................ 29
3.3.2 Drainage Pattern...................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area .......................................................................... 32
3.4 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 34
3.5 Ambient Air Quality....................................................................................................... 36
3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 37
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 38
3.6 Noise............................................................................................................................... 39
3.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 39
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ii

3.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 39
3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 40
3.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 41
3.7 Water Environment ........................................................................................................ 42
3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ....................................................................................... 42
3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ............................................................................ 42
3.7.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 43
3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality......................................................................... 43
3.8 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 44
3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 44
3.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 45
3.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 45
3.9 Biological Environment ...................................................................................................... 47
3.9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 47
3.9.2 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area: ............................................................. 48
3.9.3 Existing status of Fauna in the area: ....................................................................... 49
3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ....................................................................................... 50
CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 56
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 56
4.2 Impact Assessment ......................................................................................................... 56
4.2.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 56
4.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 57
4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures........................................................................................... 58
4.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 58
4.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 60
4.4 Impact Matrix ................................................................................................................. 61
4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 64
4.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 67
CHAPTER 5: PROJECT BENEFITS ...................................................................................... 68
5.1 Project Benefits .............................................................................................................. 68
5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ................................................................. 68
5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ..................................................................... 68
5.4 Employment Potential .................................................................................................... 69
5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ....................................................................... 69
5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer....................................... 70
5.7 Other Tangible Benefits ................................................................................................. 70
CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATES ....................................................................... 71
6.1 Alternative Technology .................................................................................................. 71
6.2 Alternative Site ............................................................................................................... 71
CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES .................................................................................. 72
7.1 Public Consultation ........................................................................................................ 72
7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 72
7.2.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 72
7.2.2 QRA Approach ....................................................................................................... 72
7.2.3 Hazard Identification .............................................................................................. 75
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iii
7.2.4 Events and Ignition Probability .............................................................................. 78
7.2.5 Consequential Events .............................................................................................. 79
7.2.6 Consequence Analysis ............................................................................................ 81
7.2.7 Likelihood Estimation............................................................................................. 98
7.2.8 Risk Analysis ........................................................................................................ 100
7.2.9 Risk Contours........................................................................................................ 100
7.2.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 102
7.2.11 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 102
CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ............ 105
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 105
8.2 EMP during Construction Phase .................................................................................. 105
8.2.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 105
8.2.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 106
8.2.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 106
8.2.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 107
8.2.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 107
8.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 107
8.2.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................. 107
8.3 EMP during Operation Phase ....................................................................................... 108
8.3.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 108
8.3.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 108
8.3.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 109
8.3.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 109
8.3.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 109
8.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 110
8.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme ...................................................................... 110
8.4.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................. 111
8.4.2 Surface Water Quality........................................................................................... 112
8.4.3 Noise Level ............................................................................................................... 112
8.5 Environmental Management Cell................................................................................. 112
8.6 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures ................................... 112
CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................... 114
9.1 Consultants Engaged .................................................................................................... 114
9.2 Laboratory for Analysis ............................................................................................... 115
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Project and Project Proponent Description .................................................................... 6

Table 2.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site.................................................................. 13
Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility ............................................................ 18
Table 2.3: Non-Plant Shed/Building ............................................................................................. 25
Table 2.4: Plant Shed/Building ..................................................................................................... 26
Table 2.5: Brief Description of Facilities ..................................................................................... 26
Table 2.6: Electrical Systems ........................................................................................................ 27
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iv

Table 2.7: Safety data ................................................................................................................... 27
Table 2.9: Non-Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................. 28
Table 2.10: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 28
Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius..................................... 31
Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring At study area ................................................................... 34
Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ............................................................... 35
Table 3.4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ............................................................................. 37
Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 37
Table 3.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.............................................. 38
Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 40
Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 41
Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards ............................................................................................ 42
Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 43
Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 43
Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 44
Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 44
Table 3.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area .................................................. 46
Table 3.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area .................................................. 48
Table 3.16: List of under growth plants ........................................................................................ 48
Table 3.17: List of fruit trees ........................................................................................................ 49
Table 3.18: List of Faunal members of the project area ............................................................... 49
Table 3.19: Demography of Una & Rupnagar Districts ............................................................... 50
Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area ............................................................. 51
Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 51
Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 52
Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area ...................................................... 52
Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area .......................................................................... 52
Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area ................................................. 53
Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area ......................................................... 53
Table 4.1: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 62
Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 64
Table 4.3: Overall Matrix ............................................................................................................. 67
Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios .......................................................................................... 76
Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes................................................................................. 78
Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST. .................................................................... 80
Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered .................................................................................................. 81
Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel ....................................................... 82
Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment ...................................................... 82
Table 7.7: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances ....................................................................... 83
Table 7.8: Jet fire radiation distances ........................................................................................... 89
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh v

Table 7.9: Pool fire radiation distances......................................................................................... 95
Table 7.10: Fireball Radiation Distances ...................................................................................... 95
Table 7.11: Estimated failure frequency ....................................................................................... 99
Table 8.1: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ....................................................... 111
Table 8.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures ......................................................... 113
Table 9.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................... 114
Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ........................................................... 115
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map ......................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2.1: Project Location ......................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.2: Google Image of the Project Site ............................................................................... 16
Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Project Site ............................................................................... 17
Figure 2.4: Process Flow Chart..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2.5: Typical Mounded Bullet System ................................................................................ 23
Figure 3.1A: Satellite Map of the study area ................................................................................ 30
Figure 3.1B: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area .............................................................. 31
Figure 3.2A: Drainage Map of the study area............................................................................... 32
Figure 3.2B: Drainage Map of the study area ............................................................................... 33
Figure 3.3: Baseline Sampling Monitoring Locations .................................................................. 34
Figure 3.4: Windrose for period of January 2017 to April 2017. ................................................. 36
Figure 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 55
Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria ............................................................................................ 73
Figure 7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software) .................. 79
LIST OF ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE I: Project Site Layout Plan
ANNEXURE II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a
Maharatna status and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for
approximately 48% of petroleum products market share, 34% national refining capacity and 71%
downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It is India’s flagship national oil company and
downstream petroleum major thus being India’s largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship
national oil company in the downstream sector, Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products
to millions of people every day through a countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points.
They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations
and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants. IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas
Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including
LPG in the country. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of
the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a
network of about 5,456 distributors (51.8% of the industry).The growth in demand of LPG for
domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace.
In order to meet the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh,IOCL is proposing to augment
the storage capacity at Una LPG Bottling Plant withinIOCLpremises of32.56 Acres.
Project Description
There will be no chemical process involved and the operation carried out will be receipt of LPG
in Bulk form in tank trucks from the sources namely IOCL Jalandhar, Lonietc. The storageshall
be in mounded bullets (existing and proposed) and filling of LPG into cylinders using carousel
and associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then dispatched. In
the proposed augmentation of storage capacity at LPG bottling plant the storage will be
pressurized form in mounded storage. The LPG storage will be in existing 3 bullets of 300 MT
(i.e. 900 MT existing) each and proposed 2 bullets of 600 MT each (i.e. 1200 MT proposed)with
a total capacity of 2100 MT.
TheMounded Bullet System will store the LPGin liquid form. The system of mounded storage
has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage for LPG.Mounded Bullets will be
submerged in ground and encased in four sided retaining wall having a designed layer of earth
over the bullets
Technology and Activity (Process) Description

There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG Bottling Plant. The operations can be
divided into:
 Receipt of LPG is by bulk truck from Jalandhar,Loni,etc
 Storage of LPG in mounded bullets fabricated as per PESO standards
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 1

 Filling of LPG in cylinder by carousel in domestic/ commercial/ industrial cylinders
 Dispatch of packed LPG cylinder by packed trucks
The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE, FILLING AND DISPATCH of LPG is

carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of leakage of products and to achieve
enhanced safety. There is no chance of mixing LPG with atmosphere outside during normal
operations.
Table1: Project Capacity
SN Product Existing (MT) Proposed (MT) Total (MT)
1 Storage of LPG 3x300 -- 900
2 (Mounded Bullets) - 2x600 1200
Total 2100
Power Requirement
Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW contracted demand from Himachal
Pradesh State Electricity Board. D.G Sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.
No additional power or DG Sets are required for proposed augmentation.
Water Supply
Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including domestic and fire water is being sourced
from existing tube wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed
augmentation. The existing premises of LPG BP include STP of 5 m3/day capacity.
Table 2: Water Consumption
SN Description Water Consumption in Source
3
m /day
1 Domestic 4 Fresh Water
2 Cylinder washing 5 Approx 4 m3/day shall be
recycled and reused.
Remaining 1 m3/day shall be
sourced as Fresh Water
3 Gardening 3 Treated water from STP
4 Fire Water Makeup 3 Fresh Water
Needed once a month during fire-
mock drills
Total 15
The existing premises of LPG BP also include ETP (effluent treatment plant) of 3 KLPD
capacity for treatment of waste process water.

Fire Fighting Facilities
 Medium velocity Water Sprinkler systemis availablein product pump house,TLD
decantation Shed, Mounded Bullets, CR shed, Empty shed, Filling Shed and Filled Shed
as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-144.
 Fire fighting system comprising of MVWS System & Fire hydrant ring on proposed LPG
Mounded Bulletsshall be provided as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-
150.
 Provision of Fire hydrant piping network with intermittent deluge valves covering full
licensed area is available in line with OISD144 and shall be provided for proposed
augmentation as per OISD 150.
 The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 2 and Schedule of Fire
Pumps have been provided in Table 3.
Table 2: Details of Fire Tanks
SN Product Type of Tank Capacity
1 Existing Fire Water Vertical Above ground cone roof 2 X 3700 m3
Tank
Table 3: Schedule of Fire Pumps

Head Nos of Pumps
SN Description Capacity
mWC Operating Standby
1 Main Pumps Diesel
5x410 m3/hr 85m 3 2
Engine Driven
2 Jockey Pumps Electrical
2x10 m3/hr 85m 1 1
Driven
Instrumentation and Automation

Instrumentation and Automation will be provided for the proposed Mounded Storage Vessels:
 Tank Farm Management System: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products.
 Valve Automation system: The tank body Valves have been fitted with Electro-
pneumaticRemote Operated Valves (ROV) to be closed by bleeding air manually or by a
safety PLC in case of emergency.
 Servo gauges: The gauges functions in remote for the tank inventory and tank shut down
procedures
 Interlock Shutdown System has been provided per the provision of OISD 144.
 Earthing system at grid.
 Gas Monitoring system having sensors all over the license area to pre-warn slightest of
Leakage and MIMIC panel to communicate real time status
 Access Control System: The system permits only authorized personnel to enter Plant.

 Control Room with equipment: The control room monitors and logs all events pertaining to
the operation of the LPG BottlingPlant on real time basis.
Manpower
The total IOCL manpower requirement at the LPG BP is 23. No additional requirement is
envisaged with proposed augmentation.
Description of Environment
The area around the LPG Bottling Planthas been surveyed for physical features and existing
environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period
ofmid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017
Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan

Land/Soil Environment Impact Mitigation
During construction phase the top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after
construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site. During
operation phase, as the complete system is closed loop, no leakage is envisaged and hence
negligible impact on the topography during operation phase.
Air Impact Mitigation

The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation
of soil, levelling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipment/vehicles,
site clearing and other activities. Also water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive
dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads.During operational phase the
facilityhas already been equipped with leak detection systems and shall be extended further to
the augmented mounded bullets system. The air environment has minimal impact due to truck
movement for receipt and dispatch.
Noise Impact Mitigation

Noise is generated from operation of pumps, blowers and DG sets and during vehicular
movement. The mitigation measures have been implemented like acoustic enclosures for DG
Sets as per CPCB guidelines,provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area, green belts and
landscaping have been developed which act as noise buffer.
Water Impact Mitigation

Avoid unwanted wastage of water and use of tanker water for construction activity. Wastewater
generated will be continued to be recycled/ reused during operation of the LPG Plant and rain
water harvesting shall be further promoted. Additionally, the rainwater from the landscape area
will be continuedto recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit.

Ecology and Biodiversity Impact Mitigation
The proponent plans to strengthen and maintain the extensive green belt encompassing minimum
33% of plot area. The probability and consequences of significant ecological impacts occurring
as a result of the operation of the facility are considered to be almost negligible.Municipal solid
waste will be continued to be disposed through local bodies andspent lube oil from D.G. set will
be sold to HPPCB Authorized recyclers. Hence no impact on flora and fauna is envisaged.
Moreover there are no reserve forest and protected areas within 10 km radius. There will be no
effluent discharge in the water body. Thus there is no impact on the aquatic biota present in
vicinity of proposed project.
Socio-Economic Environment Impact Mitigation

The construction of the proposed augmentationis expected to provide temporary indirect
employment to a good number of skilled and unskilled workers. The project will contribute to
the socio-economic development of the area at the local level in turn reducing migration for
employment. Hence the proposed project will have positive impact on the socio-economic
environment.
Environmental Monitoring Programme

It is imperative that the IOCL shall continueto monitor environmental health, post clearance.
 It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
 It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
Project Benefits
To cater the domestic as well as non-domestic LPG demand, Bulk LPG and Auto LPG demand
of Unaand surrounding districts.
Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation

The plant activities will be completed in a period of 12-15 months from the date of receipt of all
the approvals from statutory authorities.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Navratna
status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as IOCL on 1st September,
1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for approximately 48% petroleum products market
share, 34% national refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It
is India’s flagship national oil company and downstream petroleum major thus being India’s
largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector,
Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products to millions of people every day through a
countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points. They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk
storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants.
Indian Oil's vast marketing infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships,
SERVO lubricants and greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk
storage terminals and installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and
lube blending plants amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by
16 State Offices and over 100 decentralized administrative offices
IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business
of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading
Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 168th position in the year 2017.
IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of the country. Indane
(the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5,456
distributors (51.8% of the industry).The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is
increasing at a rapid pace.
Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received in a bullet tanker – truck from IOCL Jalandhar
and Loniunloaded by using vapor compressors and stored in Mounded Bullets. The empty
cylinders are unloaded in the unloading shed and sent bymeans of conveyors to the carousel for
filling them with LPG. LPG is filled in cylinders of capacity 5 kg,14.2 kg, 19.0 kg and 47.5 kg.
LPG from the storage area is pumped to the filling machine by means of LPGpumps for filling
the cylinders. After filling cylinders and subsequent checks, the filled cylinders are sent tothe
filled cylinder shed and loaded on to the trucks for dispatch to the LPG distributors to use for
house holdand industrial purposes.The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in
Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Project and Project Proponent Description
Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at
LPG Bottling Plant atMehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Name, contact number and M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
address of Project Proponent ShriJyotiprakashChakraborty
Sr. Mgr(LPG-E), PSO
Indian Oil Corporation Limited,

Punjab State Office,
Indian Oil Bhavan, Plot No. 3A, Sector-19A,
Madhya Marg, Chandigarh - 160 019
Location of the Project Village : Raipur Sahoran
District : Una
Taluka : Una
State : Himachal Pradesh
Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N
Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E
Name, contact number and Environmental Consultants :
address of Consultant M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory
(An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab:
recognised by MOEF&CC, GoI)
Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex,
Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory,
Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601
Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438
Fax : 91-22-25429650
Email: sales@ultratech.in
Website : www.ultratech.in
Size of proposed project activity 13.17 ha (32.56 acres)
Plant Overview 1. LPG bottling plant
2. Distribute bulk products by road (by tank lorries )
Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or Category ‘A’
‘B’
Proposed Proposed expansion from 900 MT storage capacity of LPG
capacity/area/length/tonnage to to 2100 MT by installing 2x600 = 1200 MT of additional
be handled/command area/lease Mounded LPG Bullets
area/number of wells to be
drilled
1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

The project activity isaugmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at
Mehatpur, Una. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th
September, 2006 as amended, the proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage and

Handlingg of Hazardo
ous Chemicaals’ (As per threshold pllanning quanntity indicateed in columnn 3 of
schedule 2 and 3 of MSIHC Rules
R 1989 amended 20000), whichh requires preparation
p o an
of
Environm
mental Impacct Assessmeent (EIA) Reeport.
This EIAA Report add dresses the environment

e tal impacts of
o the proposed project and proposees the
mitigatioon measures for the sam me. The repport is preppared, basedd on the Staandard Term ms of
Referencce (ToR) forr EIA/EMP ReportR for Projects
P requuiring Enviroonmental Cllearance (EC C) for
Isolated Storage & Handling
H off Hazardouss Chemicals project by Ministry off Environmeent &
Forests & Climate Ch hange (MoE EF&CC).
TheBottlling plant is located at Unadistrict
U in Himachal Pradesh.Thhe total plotaarea of the LPG L
oximately 133.17hectare (32.56 acress). The propposed augmeentation shalll be
Plantfaciility is appro
carried out
o within the premises of o the Bottlinng Plant. Thhe site is eassily accessibble by road. The
nearest railway
r statiion is RaiM
MehatpurRailwway Station at approxim mately 0.4kkm. The neaarest
airport iss Chandigarhh Airport at about
a 118Km m.
Figure 1.1: Connectiviity Map
EIIA Report fo
or LPG Bottlling Plant Una,
U Himachaal Pradesh 8
1.3 Scope of the Study
EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable
the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The
study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km
radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,
various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,
noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental
baseline monitoring has been carried out during mid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017 used to
identify potential significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and
additional ToR granted at the21stEAC meeting held on 28th March, 2017 at Delhi
The scope of the study broadly includes:
 To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out
the proposed development
 To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its
surroundings
 To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be
affected by the project
 To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction
and operation phase of the project
 To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to
suggest the management plan for the same
 Details about conservation of resources
 To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the
implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted
 To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster
management plan onsite and offsite
 To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management
Plan (EMP)
 To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program
1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules
of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:
 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988
 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987
 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules,
1986 and amendments thereafter
 The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
 The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2009
as amended

 The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
 E-waste Management (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended
 EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended
1.5 Objective and Scope of EIA Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable
the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA
can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design.
The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10
km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,
various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,
noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited
Functional Area Expert.
Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during January 2017 to April 2017and
used to identify potential significant impacts.
The scope of the study broadly includes:-
 To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out
the proposed development
 To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its
surroundings
 To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be
affected by the project
 To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction
and operation phase of the project
 To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to
suggest the management plan for the same
 Conservation of resources
 To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the
implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.
 To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management
plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse
impacts.
 To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program
1.6 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation
of Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in
following ten chapters:

Executive Summary
This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report.
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.
Chapter 2: Project Description
This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and
utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of
construction activities as this is an expansion project
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,
noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the
project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.
Chapter 5: Project Benefits
This chapter presents the benefits from this project.
Chapter 6: Analysis of Alternatives
This chapter covers Analysis of Site and Technology that were analyzed while preparing this
report.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies
This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the
construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase.
Chapter 8: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project
and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during
construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.
This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during
construction and operation phases.
Chapter 9: Disclosure of Consultants
This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details
of environmental consultants.

CHAPTER 2.PROJECT DISCRIPTION
2.1 Type of project

Una LPG Bottling Plant (BP) operates strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG. No by-
products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. The proposed
augmentation enhances the storage capacity of LPG from 900 MT to 2100 MT. Hence, the
present proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‘B’ according to EIA Notification
2006 & subsequent amendments.
2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in
urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order
to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and setting up new plants.
With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the
growing demand of LPG in the State. As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250
MT per day. Therefore, the existing tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of
around 4 days. Moreover, with increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will
be a need to operate the plant in two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2-3 days.
Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near
Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of
product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in
JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad,
Kandla or Jamngar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability
of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained. The existing tankage at Una BP is
sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in supplies either due to non-availability
of product may result in dry out. In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of
augmentation with 2nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT capacities at Una LPG BP. The
augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling Plant is estimated to cost 21.70crores.
2.3 Location & Layout

LPG bottling plant is located atapproximately 2.2 km from NH-503 and abutting SH-PWD Pump
House Road. The nearest railway station is RaiMehatpur Railway station at approximately 0.4
km. The nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport ataround118 km. The Environmental
Settingaround the project site is given in the Table 2.1:

Table 2.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site
SN Particulars Details
1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk
Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant
atMehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
3. Plant location Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
4. Site Coordinates Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N
Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E
5. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use
6. Nearest railway station Railway:RaiMehatpur Railway Station: 0.4
km
7. Nearest Airport Airport: Chandigarh Airport : 118 km
8. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E
Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E
9. Nearest town/City Nearest City Nangal:8 km
District HQ Una: 12 km
10. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km
11. Protected areas as per Wildlife None within 10 km
Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,
Elephant reserve, Biospheres,
National parks, Wildlife
sanctuaries, community reserves
and conservation reserves)
12. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km
13. Defence Installations None within 10 km
14. Seismicity The proposed project is located in Seismic
Zone IV as per IS: 1893 and all designs will
be as per IS Codes
North Side : Railway Route

East Side : State Highway(PWD Pump House Road)
South Side : Vacant space
West Side : Small Scale Habitation
The project location and google image are provided as Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2 respectively.
The layout of the bottling plant has been prepared as per prescribed OISD-144 & 150. The road
network is designed to ensure smooth movement of bulk/filled cylinder trucks. Layout plan of

the bottling plant including existing and proposed facilities have been given in Figure 2.3 and
also as Annexure II.
The design considerations for the site layout of the proposed project are provided as below:
 Design Parameters: Temperature, Pressure, Internal Corrosion, Hydro Test Pressure
 Design Procedure: As per the Design Code: ASME SEC. VIII or equivalent duly approved
by PESO.
 Piping layout is as per OISD-150. One liquid line, one vapour line, 2no’s SRVs, ROVs on
liquid and vapour lines

Figure 2.1: Project Location

Fig
gure 2.2: Google Image of thee Project Site
EIA Report for LPG Bottling

B Plant Una,
U Himachal Pradesh
P 16
Fig
gure 2.3: Google Image of thee Project Site
EIA Report for LPG Bottling

B Plant Una,
U Himachal Pradesh
P 17
2.4 Salient Features of the Project
The salient features of the Una LPG BP are presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility

Sr. Description Details
No.
1 Total Land 32.56 acres
2 Capacity of Storage Type of Nos Capacity Total
Tanks Vessel/Status Capacity
Existing Mounded 3 300 MT 900 MT

Bullets
Proposed Mounded 2 600 MT 1200 MT

Bullets
3 Power requirement 450 KW

4 Water requirement No additional requirement is envisaged with
proposed augmentation of storage capacity.
5 Man power No additional Manpower is envisaged with
proposed augmentation of storage capacity
6 Project Expansion INR 21.70 Crores.
Cost
7 Cost towards INR42 lakhs
environment
protection
8 Fire Fighting Facilities
A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3
B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity
C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity

C Water sprinkler / At all relevant places (will be converted to auto
Deluge system sprinkler system supported by PLC based ILSD)
D Fire Hydrant/monitor As per prescribed OISD
piping network
E DCP & CO2 As per prescribed OISD
extinguishers
F Gas Monitoring As per prescribed OISD
System
G ILSD As per OISD-144
Source: IOCLUna BP

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation
The construction of LPG storage and related activities will commence on receipt of
Environmental Clearance (EC) from EAC, and Consent to Establish (CTE) from HPPCB and
other statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will take
12-15 months post the necessary approvals.
2.4.2 Land use

The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing facilities of LPG BP at Una. The
site earmarked for proposed expansionis currently vacant. There is no change in land use.
2.5 Process Description

2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage
Bulk LPG is being received through road tankers of approx18 MT capacities from
IOCLJalandhar, Loni etc.
2.5.2 Unloading
LPG in road tankers will be unloaded in TLD shed comprising 8 nos. of unloading bays. LPG
will be unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method. During LPG unloading,
vapour from one storage bullet will be sucked and will be compressed in LPG compressor. The
compressed LPG vapour will be fed to bulk tanker to pressurize it and LPG (Liquid) will be
transferred from the road tanker to the Bullet.
After LPG unloading, the compressor suction will be reversed by changing the valve position
and LPG vapour will be recovered from road tanker through the same compressor and
discharged till the suction pressure of tanker is approximately1.5 Kg/cm2.
2.5.3 LPG Pump House

 LPG Pumps
Vertical Cam Type LPG pumps will take suction from bottom of Mounded Bullets and deliver
liquid to carousal for filling in empty cylinders.
 LPG Vapour Compressors
Total three compressors of Capacity- 2*150cfm each and 1*65cfmhave been provided. The
compressor is used for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for
recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading will be complete. The
compressor will be equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed
liquid.
2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air Drying Unit

2 nos. of reciprocating type compressor and one lubricated type screw type Air compressor
provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for preparation of

instrument air at a press of 5-6.5 Kg/cm2a. Compressed air shall be generally required as plant
air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air drying unit for generation of
instrument air at 5.6.5 Kg/cm2a and relative humidity at -15ºC. Instrument air will be required
for LPG handling and filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and thermal fuse
bulbs etc. The air compressor and air drying unit are located at a sufficient distance from LPG
handling facilities.
2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities

Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain
conveyer. LPG will be filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel". The carousel
consists of a rotating frame with running wheels on rail (and corresponding rail), a central
column for gas and air and which rotates with the carousel frame a hydraulic driving unit. The
speed of the driving unit will be variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to
various filling capacities. The carousel will be equipped with 24 filling guns.LPG filling machine
mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle. The machine will be preset for the
net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head
will be connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The operator punches rate
of each incoming LPG cylinders and filling machine of the corresponding cylinder will be
adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. Remaining the filled LPG weight
constant the lling gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight (Adjusted Tare weight +
contant LPG weight) reaches.
 Checking of weight and Leak testing

After filling, every cylinder will be checked for its weight on a check weighing scale and the
cylinders having less or more weight are segregated and are sent through a integrated weight
correction unit. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Gas Detector and ”O”-Ring leak
by Pressure Tester, then checking for body and bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under
water as per prevailing practice. After leak testing, sample of cylinders are segregated for
Statistical Quality Checking (SQC), then cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage shed by
means of chain conveyers for loading in the packed trucks.
 Air removal from cylinders and LPG vapour filling - Purging Unit
This unit will be required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air
from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is required to eliminate the possibility of
forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum will be created upto 300 mm of Hg inside the
cylinder and then LPG vapour will be injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2
kg/cm2g before using them for filling of LPG.

 Evacuation of leaky cylinders
Defective valves of LPG Cylinders shall be replaced by using Valve Change without Evacuation
Unit. In this unit the defective valves are replaced without evacuating the LPG from the defective
cylinders.
 Storage of filled cylinders and transportation

Filled cylinders after leak testing, weight testing and fixing safety caps will be stacked in the
filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid down by OISD-144/Gas Cylinder
Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders will be delivered only to the PESO approved godown of authorized
LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG shall have valid license and training in
safety and fire fighting procedures.
Note: Whole filling shed are comes under the network of medium velocity sprinkler system
2.6 Process Flow Chart

There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG bottling plant. The process involved can
be divided into 4 Stages as below and as shown in Figure 2.4:
 Receiptof Bulk LPG through LPG bulk trucks.
 Storage of LPG in mounded storage vessel tanks as per OISD-150.
 Filling of the LPG into cylinders (domestic/ commercial/ industrial).
Dispatch of LPG cylinders through Vehicles (Packed cylinder Truck

Receipt of LPG by Bulk Truck
Transfer of LPG in existing 3X300 MT and

proposed 2 x 600 MT Mounded Storage Vessel
Cylinders are filled up by

Operating LPG Pumps
Bottling of LPG Cylinder at

filling shed
14.2 kg & 19 Kg Cylinder are filled by weight through Carousals, 47.5 Kg

cylinders filled through unit filling machine tested for weight and leakages
and sealed before dispatch.
Dispatch of filled LPG cylinder in Packed

Truck
Figure 2.4: Process Flow Chart
2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility

2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets
The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels
since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the
vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or
vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to
conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 m is done for construction of mounded
bullet foundation (below FGL). Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been
provided for all the three bullets to prevent them from corrosion.
A typical drawing of the mounded bullets system is as shown in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5: Typical Mounded Bullet System
2.7.2 Parking Lot

The proposed Bottling Plant has provided facility for approximately 20 Bulk Tank Trucks (TT)
and 65Packed Truck Parking Area.
2.8 Fire Prevention System

The gas leak detection, fire prevention and control system implemented at Una LPG Bottling
Plant complies with the norms prescribed under OISD 144 and OISD 150. The following are the
systems which are provided at Una LPG Bottling Plant:-
Gas Monitoring System: The system consists of gas detecting sensors linked to a computerized
processing unit and with alarm panels at control room, filing shed, plant manager’s cabin as well
as security gate having audio / visual alarms and MIMIC Panel to alert the plant personnel. The
sensors are located at all sensitive or potential hazard areas in the plant as indicated in OISD 144.
Air/Vapor Extraction System: It is a blower with ducts extended to different operating points
in filling shed. The blower extracts any leaking LPG vapor from the floor level and cold flares
the same to the free atmosphere at the height of 1.5 meter from the highest points of eves of the
shed. This system is interlocked with filling system, such that the blower has to be started before
the carousel is started for filling operation. Blower runs during filling operation continuously. A
standby blower is also given to meet situations where one of the blowers is out of order. In this

way there is no accumulation of LPG at plant floor level and any minor leaks due to operation is
immediately evacuated and not allowed to reach the lower explosive limit.
Remote (Control) Operated Valves: These are pneumatically operated quick shut off valves
provided on LPG pipelines (in liquid line) connected to LPG equipment (like storage vessels,
carousel, TLD lines) with actuating points located both remotely and nearer to operating
facilities in plant. When actuated, the valves will close within 30 seconds, stopping the flow of
LPG in pipelines. Besides, in case of leakage of LPG through flange joint or rupture of pipeline,
the Excess Flow Check Valve are operated restricting the leakage of LPG to the sections
between two Gate Valves in LPG pipe line and the LPG in upstream area and the storage bullet
area is cut off from the leaking point, thereby preventing major leakage or fire.
High Level Alarm: This kind of alarm is installed in bullets. In case of filling of more than 85 %
the alarm will be actuated at Pump House and remote operated valves installed in storage vessel
will close the flow of LPG to vessel. The actuation of remote operated valve and alarm is
interlocked with the level of LPG liquid in vessel.
Fire Hydrant Network: All round the plant in licensed and non licensed area there are fire
water line ring network. In both licensed & non licensed area there are intermittent fire hydrants
and water motitors in a specific distance. Further in licensed area there are deluge valve in all
critical areas (called as fire zones), as per OISD 144. MV sprinkler system can be operated from
deluge valves.
Emergency Trip Buttons and Manual call Points: These emergency push buttons are provided
at strategic places in the plant. In case of emergency, when the emergency trip button is actuated
action takes place as specified in the clause 11.11 of OISD 144 which involves tripping of
electricity to all the operating equipment in the hazardous area of the plant, closure of all remote
operated valves on the LPG pipelines and sounding of siren. Operation of manual call point will
denote an abnormal situation alerting the plant personnel and will involve the sounding of siren
only. An annunciator panel installed at manned control room will indicate the location from
where Manual Call Point is actuated. These points are provided at strategic locations in the plant.
Medium Velocity Spray System : This sprinkle system is provided in the operating areas of
hazardous areas of plant like sheds involving filling, storage and operation on cylinders, tank
lorry decantation shed, expose flanges of mounded storage, LPG pump house, etc., as per the
specifications given in OISD 144 / 150.
Adequate storage of fire water in exclusive above ground tanks is maintained as per the fire
water calculation. There is a fire water pipeline system which is constantly kept pressurized with
a minimum of 7 kg per cmsquare at farthest point using jockey pumps which start and stop
automatically at preset pressures. The fire water pipeline is connected to the MV spray system

through deluge valves where an air water balance is maintained. The MV Spray system is
equipped with a quartzite bulb fire detection system. When the temperature reaches 79º C the
bulb will be burst releasing the air water balance at the deluge valve and thereby starting the
sprinkling of water. This will reduce the pressure in the pipeline which will actuate the fire water
pumps by a preset mechanical pressure switch. This process will repeat until other fire pump
start and same will stabilize when quantum of fire water as per designed scenario of fire fighting
is achieved.Thus the entire system of fire protection is automatic.
Interlock Shut Down System: As per OISD 144 all the plant has Inter Locked Shut Down
System (ILSD) in place. It is a combination of syncrhonised activity to control a emergency
situation in a far better way. In the plant with ILSD if fire water started at any point by any of the
4icases of actuation of sprinkler either by bursting of quartzite bulb, or operating sprinkler
manually, all plant machineries will trip electrically, electric siren will be sounded, fire engine
will be started, all remote operated valve in liquid LPG line will be closed and emergency light
will be activated (at night). This system is called Interlocked Shut down System. Apart from that
zone of emergency will be indicated in annuciator panel at control room.
Mutual Aid –
2.9 Plant and Equipment Details

The existing as well as proposed plant and equipment details along with sizing are detailed in
brief in Table 2.3. Table 2.4, Table 2.5, Table 2.6 and Table 2.7. Further Site Plan Layout is
referenced as Annexure II.
Table 2.3: Non-Plant Shed/Building
Security (Main Gate) 03 M X 03 M
CR/S & D 8 M X 10 M
Administrative Bldg, conf room (2 Story) 10 M X 14M 10 M X 10M
HSD storage 18 N X 15 M
Truck Crew Rest Room 8.5 M X 10 M
Stores Building 27 M X 10.56 M
Car/Scooter parking 5 M X 20 M
Fire Pump House and Air Compressor House 10 M X 15 M
Fire Water Tank 10 X 30M
Weigh Bridge 15 M X 3 M
TLD (8bays) 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M
Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X 42.3 M
Empty cum filling shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M
Mounded Storage Vessels (Proposed) 5.2M X 32.40 M
(2 X 600 MT)
LPG Pump House 8 M X 28 M

Cooling water tank 1Nos 1 X 10 KL
Emergency Exit 2 GATES
Electric Substation 8 M X 44 M
Value Change Shed 16.8 M X 16.8 M
Table 2.4: Plant Shed/Building

No. Description Size
1 Empty cum Filling Shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M
2 Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X
42.3 M
3 TLD 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M
Table 2.5: Brief Description of Facilities

No. of TLD bays 8
No. of Water Storage Tanks 2 No.
No. of Water cooling pumps 1
No. of Bore Wells 2
No. of DG sets 3 (1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.)
No. of LPG pumps 2*48 M3/Hr and 1*85 M3/Hr
No. of LPG compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*65 CFM
No. of Air Compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*300 CFM
No. of Security Air Compressors 2
No. of Fire Pumps 5 * 410 M3/hr
No. of Jockey Pumps 2 * 10 M3/Hr
No. of DVs 14
No. of Telescopic Conveyors 8
Gas Monitoring System: 1
Make and No. of sensors
Carousal : Make, No. of Filling Points 2 x 24 Machines electronic carousal
Leak Detector(GD) : 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
Pressure Tester (PT) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
IWCU (Integrated Weight Correction Unit) 1 unit one each carousal
Dynamic Check Scale 1 unit each carousal
Evacuation Unit : Make and No of guns Stand with 2 guns.
Valve Change unit Without Evacuation 1 unit one each carousal
Purging Unit: Make and Capacity 1 unit
Valve Changing Machine 1 unit
Hot Air Sealing System (HASS) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
Weigh Bridge 50 MT

Vapour Extraction system 1 system
Test Bath 15 cyls holding capacity one each carousal
Conveyor system 1 system for each carousal
Table 2.6: Electrical Systems

No. Description Size
1 Transformers To suit requirement – tentatively - 2 (1 x 750 kVA
power and 1 x 250 kVA lighting)
2 Energy Saver To suit requirement – tentatively - 160 kVA
3 Capacitor Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 125 kVA
4 Battery Charger/Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 110 kVA
5 Earth Pits To suit requirement – tentatively - 71 nos
6 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) 2 nos
7 Contract Demand To suit requirement – tentatively - 300 kVA
8 Connected Load (Power) To suit requirement – tentatively - 410 kW
9 HT VCB 11 kV, 400 A
10 PMCC and MLDB 1 system
11 High mast 5 nos.
Table 2.7: Safety data

No of monitors Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate) in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as
per requirement
Hydrant points Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate)in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as
per requirement
Fire extinguishers 10 kg DCP, 75 kg DCP, and CO2 fire extinguishers as per requirement
given in OISD – 144
Hand Siren As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
ETB As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
MCP As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
2.10 Power Requirement

Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW sourced fromHimachal Pradesh State
Electricity Board. D.G sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.
2.11 Manpower Requirement

The total manpower requirement will be same as existing for the operation phase.

2.12 Water and Wastewater Management
Total water requirement including domestic and fire water is being sourced from existing tube
wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation of
storage capacity. The existing premises of LPG BP includes and STP of 5 m3/day capacity.
Table 2.8: Water Consumption

SN Description Water Consumption in Source
3
m /day
1 Domestic 4 Fresh Water
2 Cylinder washing 5 Approx 4 m3/day shall be
recycled and reused.
Remaining 1 m3/day shall be
sourced as Fresh Water
3 Gardening 3 Treated water from STP
4 Fire Water Makeup 3 Fresh Water
Needed once a month during fire-
mock drills
Total 15
2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System

Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal
system are mentioned in Table 2.9 and Table 2.10.
Table 2.9: Non-Hazardous Waste
Sr. Solid Waste Type of Total Management
No. Generation waste (approx)
From Dry garbage 4.5 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers
1 Domestic
Wet garbage 2.5 Kg/day Vermi composting and manure usage for
Activities
gardening
Table 2.10: Hazardous waste

Sr. Schedule I
Qty Method of Disposal
No. Category No. Type
To be disposed off as per
1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM
HPPCB norms

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 General
This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with
reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio
economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site.
The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are
described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology,
socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.
3.2 Methodology
The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines
given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise,
water and land quality in the study has been collected by primary sampling/field studies during
the period of mid-January 2017 to mid-April 2017.
The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential
component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact
assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected
over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in
time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable
data collected very close to the site.
3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOC plant boundary at
Una. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s.
3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite
image are as follows:
Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Landuse / landcover analysis.
Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS
Path and Row – Path 148, Row 38
Spatial Resolution– 30 m
Date of Pass: 19th March 2017
Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for
delineating drainage and other features in the study area.

Figure 3.1A: Satelllite Map off the study area
a
Error! Reference
R ource not foound.A show
so ws the false colour compposite satelliite map of 10 km
radius area from the proposed prroject site. Band
B combinnation was done
d from thhe satellite daata to
create thee Falsecolor Composite map of the study
s area.
Satellite data was classified
c ussing superviised classifiication technnique. Maximum likeliihood
algorithmm classifier was
w used forr the analysis. Six land use/
u land covver classes were
w identifiied in
ten sq. km
m area aroun nd the Projecct Site
The studdy area of 101 km radiuus from the centre of project site shows s six different
d landd use
classes. Agriculture
A land
l dominaates the landd use patternn of the area.. It is follow
wed by scrubb land
and openn land togethher of the lannd use. The LULC classses are identtified and prresented in Table
T
3.1 and Figure
F B
3.1B
EIIA Report forr LPG Bottliing Plant Unna, Himachaal Pradesh 30

Figure
F 3.1B: Landuse/L
Landcover of
o 10 Km Stu
udy Area
Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcoverr Statistics of

o Area with
hin 10 km Radius
R
LULC Classs Area(Ha) A
Area (%)
Vegetationn 6805.22 2
21.67 %
Open Scrubb 3148.86 1
10.03 %
Crop Landd 6236.78 1
19.86 %
Builtup Lannd 5451.80 1
17.37 %
Barren Landd 5821.13 1
18.54 %
Rocky
R Regioon 3342.40 1
10.65 %
Waterbodyy 589.06 1.88%
Total 31395.24 100.00
Vegetatioon (21.67%)), Crop Lannd (19.86), Barren

B Landd (18.54%) and
a Built-upp Land (17.337%)
dominatees the land use patternn covering 10km
1 surrouunding the project
p site. Rocky Reggions
(10.65%)), Open Scrrubs (10.03%%) and Watterbodies (1..88%) also spread throuughout the study
area.

3.3.2 Drainage
D Patttern
A drainage system iss the pattern formed by the t streams, rivers, and lakes in a paarticular draiinage
basin. Drrainage basin ns can be deescribed by the order off streams witthin them. Streams
S that have
no tributtaries (or strreams flowinng into it) are
a termed first
f order sttreams. Wheen the first order
streams join
j togetherr, they becom me second order
o steam.. Two seconnd order streams join to form
third order stream annd so on for forth
f and furrther orders. However, a stream mayy have a tribbutary
with a low wer order without
w becom ming a higheer order streaam.Strahler method of ordering
o was used
for giving order to drrainage. Draainage mapoof a study areea shows higghest order ofo drainage as 6th
order i.e. Sutlej Rivver. Drainage pattern within
w 10 kmm radius around project site shows both
dendriticc and parallell type of draainage patternn.
Figu
ure 3.2A: Drrainage Maap of the stu
udy area
3.3.3 Contour
C Patttern of the Study
S Area
Contouriing is the staandard methood of representing relieff on topograaphic maps. Contour
C linees are
lines joinning points of
o equal elevvation on thee surface of the ground. For a givenn map the veertical
distance between adjjacent contoour lines or the
t contour interval
i is fiixed i.e.25m
m.Contour map
m of
10 km radius aroun nd project siite predominnantly show ws an undulating terrainn. The Norttheast

directionn shows a ch
hain of highh peaks and the adjacennt areas to project
p locattion shows a flat
surface.
Figure 3.2B:
3 Drain
nage Map off the study area
a
The 10 km
k study areaa inclusive of
o all the monitoring locaations has beeen as shownn in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3: Baseline Saampling Moonitoring Loocations
3.4 M
Meteorologic cal Data
The meteeorological parameters
p p
play a vital role in transport and diispersion of pollutants in
i the
atmospheere. The co ollection and analysis of meteorological dataa, therefore,, is an esseential
componeent of enviro onmental immpact assessm ment studiess. The long term and shhort term im mpact
assessmeent could be made througgh utilizatioon and interppretation of meteorologic
m cal data collected
over longg and short periods.
p
Since, thhe meteorolo

ogical param
meters exhibiit significantt variation inn time and sppace, meaningful
interpretaation can on
nly be done through
t a caareful analysis of reliablee data colleccted very cloose to
the site.
Table 3.3: Meteorolog
M gical Monitooring At study area
S.N. Param
meter Instrument Freq quency
1 W Speed
Wind
Automatic Weather C
Continuous A
Automatic
2 W Directio
Wind on
station (E
Envirotech WM
W 251) 1 hourly Aveerage
3 A
Ambient Temmperature
4 M & Min Temperaturee Wet & Drry Bulb Therrmometer Daily
Max. D at 08:30 and 17:30 IST
5 R
Relative Hum
midity Hygromeeter D
Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency
6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily
The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.
The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.4. The wind rose during the study period is
presented in Figure 3.4.
Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area

Relative Humidity, Wind Predominant
Temperature, °C
Month % Speed, m/s wind direction
Min Max Min Max Mean
January 2017 12 23.82 32 95 13.2 SE
February 2017 11 31.5 37 95 11.1 SE
March 2017 10.2 34 33 96 13.2 ESE
April 2017 13 35 32 94 13.7 SE

Figurre 3.4: Wind
drose for peeriod of January 2017 to
t April 2017.
3.5 A
Ambient Airr Quality
The ambbient air quaality monitooring was caarried out att ten locatioons within thhe 10 km radius
r
around thhe site of prroject to knoow the existing backgroound ambiennt air qualityy. The purpoose of
the estim
mation of bacckground poollutant conccentration was to assess the impact of the projeect on
the ambiient air quality within thhe region baased on the activities off the project. The param
meters
chosen for
f assessmeent of air quality
q weree PM10, PMM2.5, Sulphurr Dioxide (SO2), Oxidees of
Nitrogenn (NOx), Hyd drocarbon (MMethane andd Non-methaane HC) and VOCs.

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study
PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-
methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of
the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5,
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane
HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring
were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data.
 Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;
 Topography of the study area;
 Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and
 Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas.
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a frequency of twice a
week at a station during the study period for 8 locations.
The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table
3.4&Figure 3.3.
Table 3.4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations
Sl. No Location Location Code
1 Project Site A1
2 NayaNangal A2
3 Nangal A3
4 Kherabagh A4
5 Barsara A5
6 Palakwah A6
7 Una A7
8 Saontokgarh A8
9 Sukhsal A9
10 Brahmpur A10
The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.5. The detailed Ambient Air
Quality results are as referenced in Annexure III
Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PM10 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 75.0 79.0 72.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
Max 92.0 92.0 91.0 96.0 89.0 89.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 90.0
98 Percentile 92.0 92.0 90.5 95.5 88.1 88.1 90.2 91.5 91.1 90.0
Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

PM2.5 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 30.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 18.0 30.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 32.0
Max 48.0 42.0 40.0 44.0 38.0 43.0 42.0 39.0 43.0 71.0
98 Percentile 46.6 41.1 40.0 43.1 38.0 42.5 41.1 39.0 42.5 58.1
Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
SO2 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Max 7.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
98 Percentile 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 6.0 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.5
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
NOx (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Max 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 78.0 10.0 9.0
98 Percentile 9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 45.8 9.5 8.5
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia, Hydro Carbons,
VOCs, etc. are all below detection limits.
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring
Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, Methane and Non-
methane (HC) and VOCs. Table 3.5 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these
parameters.
Table 3.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Technical DetectableLimit,
Parameters Technique
Protocol ug/m3
Respirable Dust Sampler HPPCB
PM10 10.0
(Gravimetric method) Guidelines
Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0
Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0
Hydrocarbon (Methane Gas Chromatograph (FID
Is-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.1 ppb
and Non-Methane) Detector)
Activated Charcoal
VOCs method (GC FID EPA TO-17 1 mg/m3
Detector)

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable
dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these
particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at
the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on
the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for
sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.
Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.
PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182
part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182
part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been
prepared for all gaseous pollutants.
3.6 Noise
Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various
loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally
accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for
audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise
according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the
industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into
consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and
annoyance and general community responses.
3.6.1 Objective
The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise
levels in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the
surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.
3.6.2 Methodology
 Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the
area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry,
commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and
sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway
noise.
The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring
period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.
 Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)

The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the

equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual
fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.
 Instrument used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet
(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few
minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the
sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.
There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free
field, near field and far field.
 Free Field
The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from
source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound
pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.
 Near Field
The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not
apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.
 Far Field
The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the
source.
Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area
Sl. No Location Location Code
1 Project Site N1
2 NayaNangal N2
3 Nangal N3
4 Kherabagh N4
5 Barsara N5
6 Palakwah N6
7 Una N7
8 Saontokgarh N8
9 Sukhsal N9
10 Brahmpur N10
3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured

Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each
hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the
sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight.
Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.
However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation:
Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60
Where,
L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of
measurement.
L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of
measurement.
L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of
measurement.
Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m
Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
3.6.4 Noise Results

The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during
study period and are presented in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results

SN. Location No. Results
Day Night
1 Project Site 59 46
2 NayaNangal 61 49
3 Nangal 54 45
4 Kherabagh 60 50
5 Barsara 64 52
6 Palakwah 58 48
7 Una 57 45
8 Saontokgarh 59 50
9 Sukhsal 53 44
10 Brahmpur 58 48

 Noise Standards
Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide
Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.9 describes ambient noise standards.
In Respect of Noise*
Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards
Limits in dB(A), Leq
Area Code Category of Area
** Day time #Night time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone @ 50 40
* As per Environment protection act.

** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.
# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals,
educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent
authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.8. Noise level of the study area varied
from 55 to 64 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 52 dB (A) in the night time.
3.7 Water Environment

3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology
Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant
hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons.
Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occuring the undulating plains form the potential
aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum
also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells.
In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The
quality of ground water at project site is saline.
The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 4-5 m below ground level during
pre-monsoon period and less than 2-4 m during post-monsoon period. (Source: CGWB).
3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by
collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period.

The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Two surface water
samples and Four ground water samples were collected during monitoring period.
Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Station Code Location
GW1 Fatehpur
GW2 Santokgarh
GW3 Brahmpur
GW4 Una
SW1 Nangal Dam
SW2 Soan River
3.7.3 Methodology
Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical,
chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out
as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by HPPCB, relevant IS Codes
and Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring
Period.
Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried
out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field
Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to
laboratory. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper,
zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.
3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality

The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Table 3.11 and Table 3.12 The
physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of
drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and
suitable for consumption.
Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics

Site Fatehpur Santokgarh Brahmpur Una
pH 7.25 7.40 7.25 7.45
TDS 320 135 265 298
Alkalinity 250 70 189 215
Chloride 28 08 15 10
Ca 28 24 12 20
Mg 48 6.8 40 30

Site Fatehpur Santokgarh Brahmpur Una
Total Hardness 260 90 185 195
Iron 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.10
E.coli Absent Absent Absent Absent
Coliform Absent Absent Absent Absent
Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics

Site Nangal Dam Soan River
pH 7.24 7.14
TDS 125 120
Alkalinity 25 22
Chloride 5 3
Ca 14 12
Mg 3.5 3.2
Total Hardness 58 40
Iron 0.004 0.01
E.coli Absent Absent
Coliform Absent Absent
3.8 Soil
Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable
depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,
constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico-
chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period
with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling
locations have been selected to represent the study area.
3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations

The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of
vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from
agricultural field and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.13 and presented
in Figure 3.3.
Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area
Code Locations
S1 Project Site
S2 NayaNangal
S3 Santokgarh
S4 Brahmpur
S5 Una
S6 Barsara

3.8.2 Methodology
The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all
locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 6 sub locations were
identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly
mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled
in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.
3.8.3 Soil Results

The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area
SN PARAMETERS UNITS OF Project NayaNangal Santokgarh Brahmpur Una Brahmpur
MEASUREMENT Site
1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish Grayish Brownish
2. pH ----- 8.20 7.1 7.21 6.85 6.70 7.20
3. Conductivity (EC) micro mhos/cm at 380 420 385 415 410 370
o
25 C
(Soil Water Ratio-
1:2)
4. Moisture Content % 8.25 1.58 2.32 3.14 3.21 2.30
5. Water Holding % 30 55 50 45 43 48
Capacity(WHC)
6. Texture ----- Sandy soil Sandy clay Sandy clay Sandy Soil Sandy Sandy clay
Soil
7. Sand % 37.8 28 32 38 36 32
8. Silt % 22.4 35 38 35 37 38
9. Clay % 39.8 37 30 27 27 30
10. Organic Carbon % 0.854 0.615 0.645 0.425 0.421 0.630
11. Ca % 0.021 0.025 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.012
12. Mg % 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.005
13. Chloride Mg/l 25 18 18 24 22 16
14. Total Kjeldahl Kh/ha 108 95 85 118 117 90
Nitrogen
15. Nickel Mg/kg 0.04 ND ND ND ND ND

3.9 Biological Environment
3.9.1 Introduction
Ecology is the study of surrounding environment wherein various living or biotic groups live
together and form a system of existence where every component, whether small or big is
interdependent and hence is an indispensable part of an Ecosystem. In an ecosystem, plants are
important as primary producers of a food chain followed by small organisms that are food of the
other organisms. An ecosystem gets disturbed even if a single member of it gets extinct. The
various ecosystems constitute of the man and animals, plants, microorganisms, aquatic and
desert animals and so on.
Humans are dependent on their environment, as are all other organisms. Any change in the
environment affects the living things and their behaviour. All organisms are dependent on each
other in many ways. Destruction of one organism in the environment can lead to the destruction
of other organisms. Technological advances have given humans the ability to exert great
influence over the environment of all living things. However, the ability of ecosystems to sustain
humans is becoming increasingly stunted. For this reason, it is necessary to have an
understanding of ecology in order to survive. The EIA studies would be very much incomplete
if proper attention is not provided towards project’s impact foreseeable on flora and fauna of the
study area. Accordingly, conducted the necessary survey of terrestrial flora, fauna and literature
review of aquatic
A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 10 km radius area of the site. The structure and
type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions and physiography of an area. Climate of the
study area is suited for the variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based
primarily on reconnaissance surve. & through secondary sources. The baseline study, for the
assessment of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study area, within 10 km radius of the site
was conducted during Mid January 2017 to Mid April 2017.
Methodology:
The study region was earmarked for 10 km radius area and its relevant baseline data was
collected from the Census data book. The survey methodology was based on the flora and
fauna species identification in personal and recently recorded and found in the region by the
localities. Sampling of grass species was carried out by quadrat sampling method to examine
the species distribution and its frequency in the region.
Quadrat Sampling Method:

A quadrat (or plot-based) survey is a quantitative examination of species distribution and
abundance. Quadrats are more likely to detect inconspicuous or threatened species because a

smaller area is sampled in a concentrated search. This survey technique also provides a basis
for subsequent monitoring. The survey was carried out for the vegetation ground cover found
in the road edges by 1 m2 quadrat and study on the edge effect due to rapid industrialization
and urbanization.
The vegetation of this area was represented by tall trees, middle layer trees and shrubs, ground
layer of herbaceous and twiners and climbers. This biodiversity is the natural biological capital
of the earth and presents important opportunities for all nations. It provides goods and services
essential to support human livelihoods and aspirations and enables societies to adapt to
changing needs and circumstances. In addition, biodiversity maintains the ecological balance
necessary for planetary and human survival.
3.9.2 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area:
Overall 29 plant species have been recorded. Fabaceae was the most dominant family followed
by Myrtaceae and Moraceae. The list of naturally occurring trees, under growth plants, fruit trees
within the Study area are as shown in Table 3.15, Table 3.16 and Table 3.17 respectively.
Table 3.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area
S. No. Plant species Common name Family

1 Acacia auriculiformis kikar Fabaceae
2 Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae
3 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae
4 Albizziaprocera White siris Mimosaceae
5 Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae
6 Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae
7 Bombaxmalabaricum Semal Bombacaceae
8 Dalberjiasissoo Shisham Fabaceae
9 Dendrocalamusstrictus Bans Poaceae
10 Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae
11 Ficusreligiosa Peepal Moraceae
12 Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae
13 Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae
14 Gravillearobusta Silver oak Proteaceae
15 Morusmacroura Shahtoot Moraceae
16 Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae
17 Terminaliaarjuna Arjun Combretaceae
Table 3.16: List of under growth plants

1 Bougainvillea glabra Paper Flower Nyctaginaceae

2 Cannabis sativa Bhang grass Cannabaceae
3 Durantaerecta Pigeon Berry/Skyflower Verbenaceae
4 Lantana indica Kuri Verbenaceae
5 Partheniumhysterophorus Gajarghass Compositae
6 Ricinuscommunis Arand/Arandi Euphorbiaceae
7 Saccharumbengalense Sarkanda/MunjSweetcane Poaceae
8 Tylophoraasthmatica Khad/Khas grass Poaceae
Table 3.17: List of fruit trees
S. No. Plant species Vernacular/Common name Family

1 Embelicaofficinalis Amla Phyllanthaceae
2 Mangiferaindica Mango Anacardiaceae
3 Psidiumguajava Guava/Amrood Myrtaceae
4 Syzgiumnervosum Wild Jamun Myrtaceae
3.9.3 Existing status of Fauna in the area:
The faunal survey was also carried out in the project area. Overall, 12 naturally occurring and
introduced animal and avian species belonging to 9 families have been recorded. The fauna was
dominated by seasonal butterflies and variety of honey bees. Phasianidae and Columbidae were
the most dominant families. The list of Faunal members in the Study Area are as provided in
Table 3.18
Table 3.18: List of Faunal members of the project area

1 Melanerpesformicivorus Acorn woodpecker Picidae
2 Ectopistesmigratorius Pigeon Columbidae
3 ZenaidaZenaida Dove Columbidae
4 Meleagrisgallopavo Wild turkey Phasianidae
5 Rattusnorvegicus Brown rat Muridae
6 Hystrixindicus Indian Porcupine/Sehi Hystricidae
7 Helogaleparvula Mongoose Herpestidae
8 Sus scrofa Wild boar Suidae
9 Seasonal butterflies
10 Variety of honey bees
There are no ecologically sensitive areas like National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger
Reserves, Elephant Reserves, Turtle Nesting Ground and Core Zone Biosphere Reserve within
the 10 km radius of the proposed project site. Though the area executes good floral diversity,
there were no reports of any species falling in endangered category.

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment
Introduction
Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any
industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the
industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10
km radius area for the IOCL Bottling plant project and analyses the baseline status as well as
assess the social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the
anticipated adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into
economy, demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.
Project Location
The proposed expansion project i.e. M/s Indane Bottling Plant of IOCL is located near the
Village: BadeharNichla Tehsil: Una, District: Una in Himachal Pradesh.
Socio-Economic Details Of Study Area

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District
Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the
project site is spread over the tehsils of Una and Haroli in Una district of Himachal Pradesh and
Nangal tehsil of Rupnagar district of Punjab. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities
and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following
section.
Methodology
The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected
and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,
District Statistical Abstract etc.
Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts
Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct
1. Area 1,549 sq. km. 1,356 sq. km.
2. Population 521,173 684,627
3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 % 8.9%
4. Male population 263,692 3,57,485
5. Female population 257,481 3,27,142
2
6. Density of population (persons per km .) 338 505
7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977 915
8. Literacy 87.23 % 82.19%
9. Male literacy 92.75 % 87.50%
10. Female literacy 81.67 % 76.42%
11. Urban Population 8.62 % 25.97%

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Demographic Profile of the Study Area
The study area (10 KM radius of the project site) falls in 2 Districts comprising of 3 tehsils in the
state of Himachal Pradesh & Punjab. There are totally 258 villages falling under these three
tehsils. In addition, there are 4 towns that fall under the study area. District, Tehsil viz village &
town breakup is shown in the Table 3.20
Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area
State District Taluk Total Villages Total Towns
Himachal Una Una 140 3
Pradesh Haroli 59 0
Punjab Rupnagar Nangal 59 1
Total 258 4
Total Population
The total population of these the study area per Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of
male, female population and sex ratio are 51%, 49% and 1000 (Males): 957 (females)
respectively. There are about 54,008households in the study area. The average family size is
about 5 persons per house. The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex
ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). Tehsil viz Population and Sex Ratio is shown
in the Table 3.21
Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area
S.No. Total Children
Study Area Total Families Total Total Sex (Age 0-
Population Males Females Ratio 6)
1. Una 190,082 39,901 97,066 93,016 958 21,277
2. Haroli 71,416 14,107 36,308 35,108 967
3. Nangal 133,585 27,754 68,598 64,987 947 13,950
Grand Total 395,083 54,008 201,972 193,111 957
Population (Towns)
There are 4 towns that falls under the study area. These are Una Municipal Council, Santokhgarh
Nagar Panchayat&MehatpurBasdehra Nagar Panchayat in Una District and Nangal Municipal
Council in Rupnagar District. The total population of these towns is 85,800. The percentages of
male, female population and sex ratio are 52%, 48% and 1000 (Males): 897 (females)
respectively. There are about 18,877households in the study area. The average family size is
about 5 persons per house. The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the study can be linked to the
presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state.Townviz Population and Sex Ratio
is shown in the Table 3.22

Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area
S.No. Total Total Total Total Sex
Towns
Population Families Males Females Ratio
1. Una 18,722 4,226 9,851 8,871 901
2. Santokhgarh 9,363 1,901 4,789 4,574 955
3. MehatpurBasdehra 9,218 2,012 4,942 4,276 865
4. Nangal 48,497 10,738 25,317 23,180 865
Grand Total 85,800 18,877 44,899 40,901 897
Vulnerable Population
The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 19.39% and the Schedule Tribe
(ST) population is 0.86% of the total population of study area. Out of the tehsils, Nangal
surprisingly does not have any ST population; however in other tehsils also ST population is
negligible. SC and ST population break-up Tehsil viz is shown in the Table 3.23
Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area
Total Total SC % SC Total ST % ST

Population Population Population Population Population
Una 190,082 35,250 18.54 594 0.31
Haroli 71,416 13,335 18.67 2,804 3.93
Nangal 133,585 28,020 20.98 0 0.00
Grand Total 395,083 76,605 19.39 3,398 0.86
Literacy
The total number of literates within the study area is 299,532 (84.87%). The percentage of male
and female literacy to the total literate population is 90.40% and 79.24%, respectively. . The
literacy rate is considerably higher in male population as compared to female population. Tehsil
viz literacy break-up is shown in the Table 3.24
Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area
Total % Total Male % Male Total Female % Female

Literates Literates Literates Literates Literates Literates
Una 145,027 85.91 78,114 91.09 66,913 80.57
Haroli 52,644 83.55 28,908 89.62 23,736 77.61
Nangal 101,861 85.14 55,355 90.49 46,506 79.55
Grand Total 299,532 84.87 162,377 90.40 137,155 79.24

Urban/Rural Population
As per Census 2011, there are total 10,738 families under Nangal Tehsil living in urban areas
while 10,738 families are living within Rural areas. Thus around 36.3% of total population of
Nangal Tehsil lives in Urban areas while 63.7% lives under Rural areas.
Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area
Total Rural % Rural Urban % Urban

Population population Population Population Population
Una 190,082 152,779 80.4 37,303 19.6
Haroli 71,416 71,416 100 0 0.00
Nangal 133,585 85,088 63.7 48,497 36.3
Grand Total 395,083 309,283 81.36 85,800 18.64
Economic Activity
As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than one lakh and 40 thousand
which constitutes 38.06% of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more
than one lakh main workers and thirty seven thousand marginal workers.
Main workers1 constitute 74.36% percent of the total workers. The remaining 25.64% are
marginal workers2. Among the main workers, male workers are more as compared to the female
workers. Majority of female workers working are also from rural areas, as they are employed in
farm sector. This is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being
employed predominantly in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas,
majority of female workers are engaged in Households industry and other work.
Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area

Total Main Marginal Non Work
workers workers workers workers participation rate
Una 72,351 52,766 19,585 117,731 38.06
Haroli 27,160 17,339 9,821 44,256 38.03
Nangal 44,860 37,250 7,610 88,725 33.58
Grand Total 144,371 107,355 37,016 250,712 36.54
1
Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in
any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.
2
Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year,
i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).

Occupational structure
The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main
workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four
categories:
1. Cultivators
2. Agricultural Labourers
3. Household Industry Workers
4. Other Workers
Of the total main workers in the study area, about 70% is engaged in the other workers category.
The type of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government
servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in
trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work,
priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural
labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'.
Table 3.28: Distribution of Main workers by category

Main Main Workers
Workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Others
Labourers Industry
Una 52,766 11,204 2,868 910 37,784
Haroli 17,339 6,074 1,184 218 9,863
Nangal 37,250 5,818 2,388 1,053 27,991
Grand Total 107,355 23,096 6,440 2,181 75,638
After other workers category, cultivators (22%) and agricultural labour (6%) together constitute
28% of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only absorbed 28% of the
main workers. Only 2% of workers in the study area are engaged in the household industry.
Surprisingly, in the other workers category, more than 60% percent of the total main workers in
other category are rural in nature whereas only 40% are urban in nature. Thus it reflects that the
opportunities for other category workers are also available in rural areas of study area as
compared to the urban areas.

22
2%
Culttivators
6%
Agricultural Labou
urers
70% Hou
usehold Industry
2%
Oth
hers
Figure 3.5
5: Percentagge Distributtion of Main
n Workers in
i the Studyy Area
Infrastru ucture
The studyy area consiists of 258 villages, 4 tow wns within the
t radius arrea. The areaa is more rurral in
nature with
w 81% ass rural popuulation and 19% urbann populationn. This sectiion analyses the
infrastruccturefacilitieeslikewatersuupply,roads,, markets,baanks,postoffiices,schoolsaandelectrificcation
in the stuudy area. Un na town, the district headdquarter is thhe biggest urrban pocket in the studyy area
with exceellent physiccal and sociaal infrastructture and basiic amenities..
Educatioonal facility y at the miniimum level of primary education iss available in all the villlages
and, townns of the stu udy area. Thhere are manny villages having more than one priimary schoool and
some largge villages have
h three prrimary schoools. For college educatioon the studennts go to thee city.
There aree some 16-20 0 adult literaacy centres in
i the rural area
a of the stuudy area.
Medical facilities off one or the other type are a available in all the viillages in thee study areaa. The
Una townn and Nangaal also have a big generaal hospital.
Post and d Telegraph h facility is available inn all the villaages and tow wns of studyy area. Althhough
phone coonnections arre available in most of the t villages but
b people teend to use mobile
m phonees for
communiication.
Drinkingg water is notn a problem m here as all the villagess and towns have the faccility of tap water
w
and welll water. Som me villages also have hand h pump and
a tube weell as drinkinng water soource.
Road an nd Rail conn nectivity is better
b in thee study area as all the villages and toowns have paved
p
roads and connected d by bus serrvices. Somee villages arre connectedd to Railwayy Line also.. The
proportioon of electriified villagees for the sttudy area iss impressivee. All villagges and townn are
enjoying power supp ply facility foor all the purrposes.

CHAPTER 4.ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact
Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study
several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive
and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of LPG
mounded bullets within the existing LPG BP Una. The environmental impacts can be categorized
as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are the ones that are caused directly due to the
project activity on environmental attributes, whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.
The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each
of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes.
The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:
During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact
During operation phase - May have long term impact
4.2 Impact Assessment

4.2.1 During Construction Phase
Land/Soil Environment
During site preparation, excavation will be done at places in the project site where sheds,
Mounded Storage bullets and the approach road will be constructed. This is required to provide
solid base/foundations for structures & roads.
Improper disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks/structures

may result into temporary loss of topsoil productivity of that particular area.
Storage of construction material/chemicals (if any) if not done at designated place can
cause nuisance and hazards
Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil during handling may lead to soil
contamination
Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by
workers working at site
Filth generation if dry waste/garbage generated during construction period is not handling
efficiently
Air Environment
The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to
excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction
equipments/vehicles, site clearing and other activities

This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality
specifically during the construction phase
If burning of solid wastes is required it may cause air pollution
Noise Environment
The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the
surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances.
Following activities would result in increase in noise level;
Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower
Noise generated from vehicular movement
Noise generated from DG Set
Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night
Water Environment
Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying,
construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff
onsite
Increase in site runoff and sedimentation
Stagnant water and unsanitary conditions may cause mosquito breeding at site
Socio-Economic Environment
The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction of
LPG Bottling Plant.
Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.
A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local
community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,
repair outlets, hardware stores garrages etc.
Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills
like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;
There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure on
key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.
The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and noise
due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.
The construction activity could also lead to water stagnation at pockets which may lead to
breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.
4.2.2 During Operation Phase

Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils
during handling

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the
proposed project
Air Environment
No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of LPG in mounded bullets
No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of LPG in and from mounded bullets is
envisaged
Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of
DG sets only during power outages.
Noise Environment
Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic
Noise generated due to DG set
Water Environment
Stress on existing water supply
Generation of waste water & domestic effluent
Increased run off from site
Project and associated construction of LPG Bottling Plant will eventually lead to permanent
job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased
demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.
Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could benefit
the local population
4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures

4.3.1 During Construction Phase
Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase
is over so as to restore the fertility of project site
Bituminous materials / other chemicals, if any, shall not be allowed to leach into the soil
Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed
Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved by
HPPCB
Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments deployed
All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and
disposal to the authorized dealers
The solid waste generation due to workers working at site will be segregated and will be
transported and disposed of to waste disposal facility

Chemicals/Paints etc. used during construction phase will be stored safely
Air
Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission
Standards3
Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and
serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions
of NOX and SOX within the limits established by HPPCB
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content
diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2
Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along
unpaved sections of access roads
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/
green cover
However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the
existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to
be confined within the limited area.
Noise
No noise polluting work in night shifts
Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets will be provided as per CPCB guidelines
Pumps – Enclosure in acoustic screen, allowing for engine cooling and exhaust, use of anti-
vibration mounting, flexible couplings of hoses, maintaining adequate inlet pressure
Provision of Intake mufflers, unidirectional fan for Cooling and enclosures for electrical
motors
Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area
Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site
All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase shall comply with the
CPCB noise standards4
Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to
daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)
Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any
unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them
4
http://CPCB.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy
equipment/ pumps/ blowers
Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials
In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures
Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.
Water
Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water
Use of tanker water for construction activity.
Provision of temporary toilets for labour
Wastewater generated will be recycled/reused duringoperation of the LPG Plant
Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.
Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,
transportation etc. for the construction workers.
Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet,
shoes, goggles, gloves, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.
Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of
the industry.
The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and
thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.
The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during
specific complaints etc. Medical Aid as per Factory Act and Panel doctor facility will be
provided to the workers.
Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is
expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage.
4.3.2 During Operation Phase

Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion
All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and
disposal to the authorized dealer by HPPCB
The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and
then sent to waste management facility
Air
Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission
Standards5
5
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained
and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the
emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB
Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of
pollutants
Storage facilities shall be equipped with leak detection systems
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/
green cover
Noise
Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of
vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.
Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer.
Water
Waste water generated from cylinder washing shall be recycled /resuedafter
sedimentation.
Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and
hardscape area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit
Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of
storm water drainage.
Both skilled and unskilled local person shall be given preference for the jobs in the operation
and maintenance of the plant.
4.4 Impact Matrix

The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of
project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect
relationships but it is also useful for communicating results. Matrix method incorporates a list of
impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix format.
Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the identification of
cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. The impact matrix for
the actions identified in Table 4.1 along with various environmental parameters. A rating scale
has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner.
A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term
5
http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php

B. Low beneficial impact – Short term
C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term
D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term
E. No impacts on environment
Table 4.1: Impact Matrix
Positive Impact Negative Impact
No
S.N. Activity Short Long Short Long
Impact
Term Term Term Term
Pre-Project Activity
1 Displacement and resettlement of
√
local people
2 Change in land use √
3 Loss of trees/vegetation √
4 Shifting of equipment, machinery
√
and material
5 Employment for local people √
Construction Phase
1 Pressure on infrastructure and
√
transportation system
2 Impact on air quality including
√
dust generation
3 Noise Pollution √
4 Traffic √
5 Impact on the land/soil
√
environment
6 Impact on groundwater √
7 Stacking and disposal of
√
construction material
8 Impact on water quality √
9 Health and safety conditions of
√
people
10 Social impact √
11 Economic impact √
Operation Phase
1 Increase in air pollution and noise
√
levels
2 Water harvesting and recharge √
3 Disposal of solid waste √
4 Infrastructure development √

5 Quality of life √
6 Handling operations for transfer,
charging of raw materials, final √
product

4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table
4.2.
Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/
Mitigation Measures
Environment/ Source Standards/ Best
Environment Health and Safety Environment/ Social Attribute
Social Attribute Contaminants Practice Guidelines
Construction Phase
Construction Generation of Possible Potential risk of  Local workers will be employed, as far as --
Workers sewage, organic contamination of respiratory irritation, possible.
wastes, construction project site and discomfort, or  Proper sanitation facilities will be
debris etc. nearby water illness to workers provided for the workers
bodies  There are no temporary shelters provided
because local workers will be engaged
Air Emissions Dust and air emission Rise in RSPM Potential risk of  Barricading sheets shall be provided CPCB - National
particularly due to the level at project site respiratory irritation,  Provision of spraying water to reduce Ambient Air Quality
excavation, discomfort, or dust emission Standards
construction and illness to workers  Excavated topsoil to be preserved and
movement of vehicles reused for landscaping
resulting in air  Ensuring all vehicles, generators and
pollution compressors are shall be maintained and
regularly serviced
Noise Generation Construction noise Rise in decibel Unwanted sound can  The vehicles used will be with the proper CPCB - Noise
mainly due to level of ambient cause problems acoustic measures Pollution
excavation, Moving noise within the body.  Wherever this cannot be achieved the area (Regulation and
of vehicles, Excessive noise will be earmarked as high noise level area Control) Rules
operations of cranes pollution in working requiring use of ear protection gadgets
etc. areas at construction  Avoid night time work
sites can influence
psychological health
viz. occurrence of
aggressive
behaviour,

Mitigation Measures
disturbance of sleep,
constant stress,
fatigue and
hypertension.
Hampered sleeping
pattern and may lead
to irritation and
uncomfortable
situations.
Soil and  Spillage of concrete  Leaking or empty drums will be handled
Groundwater mixture containing as per environment management plan
Contamination additives and  Special care will be taken during
plasticizers. deliveries of construction materials,
 Spillage of especially when fuels and hazardous
construction materials are being handled
material containing  Ensure that workers know what to do in
heavy metals, the event of a spillage
paints, coatings,
liners, etc.
Operation Phase
Air Emissions  Release of emission  Negligible Negligible Impact  The DG sets are provided with Stack
from the DG Sets in Impact Height per CPCB guidelines above roof
case of power level.
failure and
operation of fire
Engine in case of
fire drill or
emergency
Wastewater Domestic waste water  Negligible Negligible Impact  STP has been provided for domestic
arising from Impact sewage.
Restroom and

Mitigation Measures
Canteen
Hazardous  Risk of fire and Potential risk of loss Storage equipment should meet standards OISD-STD 144 -
Materials, Fire and explosions due to of life or injury due for structural design and integrity. Fire Protection
Explosion the flammable to fire Facilities for LPG
and combustible . Bottling Plant.
nature of
petroleum
products.
 Risk of leaks and
accidental
releases from
equipment,
tanks, pipes etc
during loading
and unloading
(handling)
Hazardous Waste No Hazardous Waste Same to be Being stored in To be disposed to
except used Stored in barrels designated place on HPPCB accredited
lubricating Oil Concrete platform vendors

The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Overall Matrix
4.6 Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Una, Himachal
Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water, noise and air
environment. The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment and indirect
service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-liftmen of the
local area as well as the state.

CHAPTER 5: PROJECT BENEFITS
5.1 Project Benefits

The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as
mentioned below:
 Expansion will be carried out within existing premises; hence no displacement of people is
required
 Substantial Socio-economic benefits
 Good Techno-commercial viability
 Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available
from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction
phase.
 Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project
 Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals
Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the
project.
5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

The project will improve supply position of LPG in Himachal Pradesh State.
 Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors.
 Increase the days cover for LPG storage.
 Safety measures for hazard detection and prevention system will be upgraded as per OISD-
144/OISD-150.
 By adding 2x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be
enhanced.
 Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood and fossil fuels.
Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical

infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.
5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure

IOCL Una LPG Plant shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social
Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system
etc.

5.4 Employment Potential
The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled
categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,
reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction
activities.
The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities
exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to
provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.
5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCLnot only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The
unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will
employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far
as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages
by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The
Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.
Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people,
welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages
and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by
statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activates planned at
present by the unit is described below;
 Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren
land/common plots
 Education aids and scholarship to poor students
 Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the
health facilities
 Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure
facilities
 Participate and contribute in local social programs
 Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific
agricultural practices, educational training, (training for tailoring, embroidery), etc. which
ultimately helpful for income generation
 Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child
labor, educational promotion etc.

The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities
according to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas
with time bound action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community.
5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of
excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc.
Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of
registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from
associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes
from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.
5.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are
described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like
 Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding

 Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting
 Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity
 Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.
 Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living
 Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order
 Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective

CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATES
6.1 Alternative Technology
 The project proposal relates to installation of 02 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT

capacity each for storage of LPG.
 IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets.
 The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for
installation of Mounded Bullets.
 The above expertise of IOCL is well proven and working efficiently at different locations
of the country including North-Eastern states without fail.
 IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its
technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullets for
storage of LPG is a fail-safe.
6.2 Alternative Site

The proposed Augmentation is within the existing premises at atMehatpur, Una, Himachal
th
Pradeshwhich was commissioned on 27 Dec 2003. Theplant is spread over 32.56 acre of land
and hence no alternative site has been analyzed.

CHAPTER 7.ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public Consultation

This section shall be updated upon completion of Public Consultation.
7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment

7.2.1 Methodology
Methodology adopted for risk assessment of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is as per following
principle steps;
1. Hazard Identification – Identify types of hazards which have the potential to cause
harm to the fatalities such as hydrocarbon releases.
2. Development of accident events – For the purposes of modeling, each hazard identified
is further divided into scenarios or events e.g. Leaks, ruptures etc.;
3. Frequency Analysis – The frequency of occurrence (i.e. likelihood of occurrence within
a given period) of each accidental event occurring is estimated from historical data such
as OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory, Process Release Frequencies, Report no. 434-1
and 434-3, March 2010.
4. Consequence Modeling – The consequences (i.e. extent) arising from realization of
these accidental events such as Jet Fires, Explosions are calculated based on various
models;
5. Risk Analysis – Based on the fatalities arising from the consequences and the frequency
determined for an accidental event, the risk from the hazard is determined in terms of
individual risk;
6. Risk Summation – Risks associated with these accidental events are integrated to
quantify the risk levels at the facility;
7. Benchmarking – The risks are benchmarked against Risk Acceptance Criteria to arrive
at the list of events associated with “unacceptable” and “acceptable” risks;
8. Risk Ranking – The dominant risk contributors in terms of their risk level from various
accidental events are summarized.
7.2.2 QRA Approach

Result Interpretation
The techniques used for risk prediction within the QRA have inherent uncertainties associated
with them due to the necessary simplifications required. In addition, QRA incorporates a certain
amount of subjective engineering judgment and the results are subjected to levels of uncertainty.
For this reason, the results should not be used as the sole basis for decision making and should
not drive deviations from sound engineering practice. The results should be used as a tool to aid
engineering judgment and, if used in this way, can provide valuable information during the
decision making process.

The QRA results are dependent on the assumptions made in the calculations, which are clearly
documented throughout the following sections of this report. Conservative assumptions have
been used, which helps to remove the requirement for detailed analysis of the uncertainty. The
results show the significant contributions to the overall risk and indicate where worthwhile gains
may be achieved if further enhancement of safety is deemed necessary.
Risk Criteria
PNGRB risk tolerability criterion in terms of Individual Risk (IR) is defined in the Section 61 of
the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 (19 of 2006),Guidelines for
preparation of ERDMP, which is also applicable to IOCL facilities.
The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-6 per year is regarded
as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk
acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable.
These criteria are given here below –
IRPA Fundamental improvements needed.
Intolerable Only to be considered if there are no
alternatives and people are well informed
10-3/yr
Too high, significant effort required to
improve
10-4/yr
The ALARP or Tolerable
High, investigate alternatives
region (Risk is tolerated only)
10-5/yr
Low, consider cost-effective alternatives
Broadly Acceptable region
(no need for detailed working to 10-6/yr
demonstrate ALARP)
Negligible, maintain normal precautions
Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria

The assessment and control of risk are essential requirements for a proactive HSE management
system. In order to make a valued judgment and to decide on what risks are acceptable, an easily
understood set of criteria should be set and followed rigorously. Risk criteria are required to
promote consistency in evaluating the results of relevant studies and to formulate a proactive
approach to incident prevention. The following sections sets out the basis for selecting the risk
acceptance criteria and explains some of the techniques used to arrive at the quantitative
assessments made to understand the risk levels.

Risk
Risk is defined as the probability that within a fixed time period, usually one year, an unwanted
effect occurs. Consequently, risk is a dimensionless number. However, risk is often expressed in
units of frequency, ‘per year’. Since failure frequencies are low, the probability that an unwanted
effect will occur within a fixed time period of one year is, practically speaking, equal to the
frequency of occurrence per year.
Risk is the unwanted consequences of an activity connected with the probability of occurrence.
Individual Risk Criteria (IR)

The tolerable risk level lies between the acceptable and unacceptable levels in which ALARP
must be demonstrated. Once a specific hazard is demonstrated by analysis to result in acceptable
risk there is no requirement, other than following normal precautions and SOPs defined by
company and statutes.
Workers would include IOCL employees and contractors. The public includes the general public,
visitors and any third party who is not directly involved in the IOCL work activities.
The tolerability criteria above should not be misinterpreted as the number of fatalities that IOCL
is prepared to accept in conducting operations. They must be used only in QRA context as a
statistical probability that equipment, systems and procedures fail and result in fatalities.
Presentation of Risk Results

Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR)
LSIR measures and expresses the risk exposure of personnel who are continuously present in a
particular area for the entire year (24x7x365). The risk exposure is calculated for all relevant
hazards and summed to give the overall risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una.
In the fatality estimation, the consequences of each outcome due to a loss of containment are
represented by the probability of death for personnel continuously present in a particular area of
the plant when the event occurs. The LSIR can therefore be represented as:
LSIR = Σ (End event outcome frequency x Probability of fatality in area)
Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA)

IRPA takes into account the amount of time personnel spend at the plant and is defined as the
probability of an individual being killed by the accident scenario per unit time. IRPA from
process events is determined as follows:
IRPA = Σ (LSIR x Probability of personnel in area) x Presence factor
The presence factor is the actual time spent at the plant in a year.
Potential Loss of Life (PLL)

The PLL is a measure of risk to a group of personnel as a whole and is an average rate of
fatalities at the plant. The PLL can be established using the following equation –
PLL = Σ (IRPA) x Number of personnel in worker group

7.2.3 Hazard Identification
A substance or circumstance which may cause injury or damage due to being explosive,
flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, or otherwise harmful is defined as hazard.
Hazards associated with storage tanks

As per UK HSE’s guideline HSG176, the main hazards associated with the storage and handling
of flammable liquids are fire and explosion, involving either the liquid or the vapour given off
from it. Fires and explosions are likely to occur when vapour or liquid is released accidentally or
deliberately into areas where there may be an ignition source, or when an ignition source is
introduced into an area where there may be flammable atmospheres.
Common causes of such incidents include,
1. Inadequate design and installation of equipment;
2. Inadequate inspection and maintenance;
3. Failure or malfunction of equipment;
4. Lack of awareness of the properties of flammable liquids;
5. Operator error, due to lack of training;
6. Exposure to heat from a nearby fire;
7. Inadequate control of ignition sources;
8. Electrostatic discharges;
9. Heating materials above their auto-ignition temperature;
10. Dismantling or disposing of equipment containing flammable liquids;
Hot work on or close to flammable liquid vessels
Hazard Categories
In order to identify hazards posed by the facility, it is very important to identify the type of
hazards posed by the materials being handled. IOCL handles and stores LPG.
All these are flammable and pose fire and burn risk. As there is no toxic material being handled
at MOT, there is no toxic risk envisaged
Hazardous Properties
Combustion of liquids occurs when flammable vapours released from the surface of the liquid
ignite. The amount of flammable vapour given off from a liquid, and therefore the extent of the
fire or explosion hazard, depends largely on the temperature of the liquid, how much of the
surface area is exposed, how long it is exposed for, and the air movement over the surface. The
hazard also depends on the physical properties of the liquid such as flashpoint, auto-ignition
temperature, viscosity, and the upper and lower explosion limits.
These are the various materials are stored in tanks & have been taken into Quantitative Risk
Assessment.
Properties LPG HSD
Flash Point(°C) < -60 > 35°C

LFL 1.8 % (V) 0.4 %
UFL 8.5 % (V) 5%
Volatility
2.007 at 21.1
Vapour Pressure 0.5 mm of Hg
°C (70.0 °F)
-0.5 (31.1 °F)
Boiling point (°C) at 1,013.25 110 °C to375°C
hPa
Relative density of gas
2 to 3 3 to 5
or vapourto air
Physical State Gas Liquid
Auto Ignition temp(°C) 287°C 230°Cto250°C
Scenarios
Considering hazardous properties and facility, following scenarios have been considered for
consequence and risk assessment –
As per OGP – Risk Assessment Directory, for each of scenario four leak sizes are considered
for release from Piping,
1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)
2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)
3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)
4. Full Bore Rupture (FBR)
In case of release from storage, following leak sizes are considered:
1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)
2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)
3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)
4. Catastrophic Rupture
Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios
SN Section Number Section Description
1 IS-01 Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of compressors

2 IS-02 Piping from discharge of compressors to vapour arm
Piping from liquid Loading & unloading arm to inlet
3 IS-03
of LPG Bullets
Piping from outlet of LPG Bullets to suction of LPG
4 IS-04
filling pumps
Piping from discharge of LPG filling pumps to filling
5 IS-05
hall (LPG Cylinder filling operation)

SN Section Number Section Description
Piping from LPG Bullets to suction of LPG tanker

6 IS-06
loading pump
Piping from discharge of LPG tanker loading pump
7 IS-07
to LPG tanker loading arm
8 IS-08 600 MT Mounded Bullet - 1

13 IS-13 Diesel Tank 20KL
14 IS-14 Diesel Tank Transfer pump
Climatic Conditions
Meteorological Data
The consequences of released flammable material are largely dependent on the prevailing
weather conditions. For the assessment of major scenarios involving release of flammable
material, the most important meteorological parameters are those that affect the atmospheric
dispersion of the escaping material. The crucial variables are wind direction, wind speed,
atmospheric stability and temperature. Rainfall does not have any direct bearing on the results of
the risk analysis; however, it can have beneficial effects by absorption / washout of released
materials. Actual behavior of any release would largely depend on prevailing weather condition
at the time of release.
Atmospheric Stability Classes

The tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion and thus turbulence is
termed as stability. Stability is related to both the change of temperature with height (the lapse
rate) driven by the boundary layer energy budget, and wind speed together with surface
characteristics (roughness)
A neutral atmosphere neither enhances nor inhibits mechanical turbulence. An unstable
atmosphere enhances turbulence, whereas a stable atmosphere inhibits mechanical turbulence.
Stability classes are defined for different meteorological situations, characterised by wind speed
and solar radiation (during the day) and cloud cover during the night. The so called Pasquill-
Turner stability classes dispersion estimates include six (6) stability classes as below:
A – Very Unstable B – Unstable C – Slightly Unstable
D – Neutral E – Stable F – Very Stable

The typical stability classes for various wind speed and radiation levels during entire day are
presented in table below:
Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes
Wind Day : Solar Radiation Night : cloud Cover
Speed Think < Overcast >
Strong Moderate Slight Moderate
(m/s) 40% 80%
<2 A A-B B - - D
2-3 A-B B C E F D
3-5 B B-C C D E D
5-6 C C-D D D D D
>6 C D D D D D
The wind speed and Pasquill Stability class data used for the study is summarized below:
Wind Speed Stability class
2m/s F
5 m/s D
7.2.4 Events and Ignition Probability
Event Tree
PHAST has an in-built event tree for determining the outcomes which are based on two types of
releases namely continuous and instantaneous. Leaks are considered to be continuous releases
whereas, ruptures are considered to be instantaneous releases.
The event tree takes in to account factors affecting consequence of a release such as;
1. Material properties such as
a. Flammability / toxicity
b. Flash point
c. Phase of material
d. Density of material
2. Ambient conditions
3. Availability of Immediate / Delayed ignition
Based on these the event trees used in PHAST Risk are given here below –

Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software)
7.2.5 Consequential Events

Jet Fire
A jet fire occurs following the ignition and combustion of pressurized flammable fluid
continuously released from a pipe or orifice, which burns close to its release plane. The high heat
intensity poses a hazard to personnel and causes damage to unprotected equipment due to direct
flame impingement, causing it to fail within several minutes. Jet flames dissipate thermal
radiation, away from the flame’s visible boundaries and transmit heat energy that could be
hazardous to life and property.
Pool Fire
The released flammable material which is a liquid stored below its normal boiling point, will
collect in a pool. The geometry of the pool will be dictated by the surroundings. If the liquid is
stored under pressure above its normal boiling point, then a fraction of the liquid will flash into
vapour and the remaining portion will form a pool in the vicinity of the release point. Once

sustained combustion is achieved, liquid fires quickly reach steady state burning. The heat
release rate is a function of the liquid surface area exposed to air. An unconfined spill will tend
to have thin fuel depth (typically less than 5 mm) which will result in slower burning rates. A
confined spill is limited by the boundaries (e.g. a dyke area) and the depth of the resulting pool is
greater than that for an unconfined spill. Pool fires are less directional and so may affect a larger
area although it is mostly influenced by wind conditions. They will also cause structural failure
of equipment although the time taken is longer than jet fires.
Flammable Gas Dispersion / Flash Fire

Flash Fire occurs when a vapour cloud of flammable material burns. The cloud is typically
ignited on the edge and burns towards the release point. The duration of flash fire is very short
(seconds), but it may continue as Jet fire if the release continues. The overpressures generated
by the combustion are not considered significant in terms of damage potential to persons,
equipment or structures. The major hazard from flash fire is direct flame impingement.
Typically, the burn zone is defined as the area the vapour cloud covers out to the LFL. Even
where the concentration may be above the UFL, turbulent induced combustion mixes the
material with air and results in flash fire.
Ignition Probability
There are 2 main types of ignitions, namely:
1. Immediate ignition — Ignition following rapidly after the release is initiated, prior to
personnel being able to escape from the area; and
2. Delayed ignition — Gas cloud drifting over an ignition source and depending on the
ignition delay, personnel may be able to escape before fire or explosion occurs.
PHAST has systematic approach for deciding ignition probabilities depending upon type of
release, phase of material released, reactivity and release rate. These have been used for the
purpose of the study.
Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST.
Type and Size of Release Type of Material Released
K0 K1 K2 K3 K4
o
Gas; liquid: Tfl< 0 C liquid: liquid: liquid: liquid
Continuous Instantaneous Reactivity: Reactivity:
Tfl< Tfl< Tfl< Tfl>
High, Average, o
Low 21 C 55oC 100oC 100oC
Unknown
< 10 kg/s < 1000 kg 0.2 0.02 0.065 0.01 0 0
1000 - 10,000
10 - 100 kg/s 0.5 0.04 0.065 0.01 0 0
kg
> 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.7 0.09 0.065 0.01 0 0

7.2.6 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis is carried out to determine the extent of spread (dispersion) by accidental
release which may lead to jet fire or explosion resulting into generating heat radiation,
overpressures, explosion impact etc.
Modes of failure
Leak and tank on fire are two types of scenarios considered in the study. Tank on fire is
applicable only to floating roof tank. For leak scenario, the leak sizes considered are as under,
Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered
Leak Sizes
Leak Representative
Remarks
Description Hole Diameter
Small
5 mm Represents leaks from flange joints and pump seals.
(0 – 10 mm)
Medium Represents release due to failure of small bore piping
25 mm
(10 – 50 mm) (instrument tapping, drain connection etc.).
Represents release due to failure of large section of
Large
100 mm equipment or piping (e.g. damage due to external
(50 – 150 mm)
impact, failure of flexible pipe/ hose).
Represents release due to failure of large section of
Rupture >150mm equipment or piping equivalent to its rupture / full
bore release.
Above leak sizes are taken from Centre of Chemical Process Safety(CCPS) AIChE
CCPS QRA guidelines, chapter 2 – Consequence analysis, also mentions about leak duration. It
says that the Department of Transportation (1980) LNG Federal Safety Standards specified 10-
min leak duration; other studies (Rijnmond Public Authority, 1982) have used 3 min if there is a
leak detection system combined with remotely actuated isolation valves. Other analysts use a
shorter duration. Actual release duration may depend on the detection and reaction time for
automatic isolation devices and response time of the operators for manual isolation. The rate of
valve closure in longer pipes can influence the response time. Due to the water hammer effect,
designers may limit the rate of closure in liquid pipelines.
Considering this and isolated facility of IOCL, we have considered 10min discharge duration as
a conservative approach.Impact CriteriaAn impact criterion relates the modeling of the hazard
effects to the resultant consequences to personnel and asset, and determines the nature and detail
of results required from the simulation. The impact criteria for personnel and equipment on
IOCL are summarised in the following sub-sections.
Personnel Following table defines the impact of thermal radiation on personnel. The thermal
radiation levels listed includes solar radiation of 1 kW/m2.

Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel
Thermal Radiation Effect Description
Maximum radiant heat intensity at any location where personnel
1.6 kW/m2
with appropriate clothing can be continuously exposed.
Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency
4 kW/m2 actions lasting 2 to 3 minutes can be required by personnel
without shielding but with appropriate clothing.
Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency
12.5 kW/m2 actions lasting up to 30 seconds can be required by personnel
without shielding but with appropriate clothing.
Limiting thermal radiation intensity for escape actions lasting a
37.5 kW/m2 few seconds. Significant chance of fatality for extended
exposure.
Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment

Thermal Radiation Effect Description
4 kW/m2 Glass breakage (30 minute exposure)
Piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic (>30 minute
12.5 to 15 kW/m2
exposure)
18 to 20 kW/m2 Cable insulation degrades (>30 minute exposure)
10 or 20 kW/m2 Ignition of fuel oil (120 or 40 seconds, respectively)
Unpiloted ignition of wood, steel deformation (>30 minute
25 to 32 kW/m2
exposure)
Process equipment and structural damage (including storage
35 to 37.5 kW/m2
tanks) (>30 minute exposure)
100 kW/m2 Steel structure collapse (>30 minute exposure)
The damage effects are different for different scenarios considered. In order to appreciate the
damage effects produced by various scenarios, it will be appropriate to discuss the physiological/
physical effects of the accidental loss of containment event.
Initial Release Rates

A release at the tank farm may be modeled using a representative hole size or by fixing the
release rate for a given scenario. In this assessment, the former method was used as the hole size
is a major factor in influencing the characteristics of a release and determines the initial
hydrocarbon mass release rate as well as release duration.
Based on the hole sizes, material properties and operating / storage conditions, the corresponding
initial release rates for fire modeling are obtained from PHAST.

Liquid flash rates were used for dispersion in case of releases as there is no gaseous material
being handled. The release rate decreases with time as the equipment depressurizes. This
reduction depends mainly on the inventory and the action taken to isolate the leak and blow-
down the equipment.
Flammable Gas Dispersion

The significance of these distances is that the cloud will ignite if it were to get source of ignition
within UFL and LFL zone. Following table gives the LFL and UFL dispersion distances for
various leak sizes under different weather conditions.
The resultant flammable dispersion distances are given in the table below,
Table 7.7: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances

Leak Flammable distances in m
Scenario
SN Description of scenario Size in
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
UFL 0.31 0.32
LFL 1.57 1.47
5
0.5
2.89 2.45
LFL
UFL 1.53 1.54
LFL 7.56 6.51
25
0.5
15.72 11.49
Piping from LPG Bullets LFL
1 IS01
to suction of compressors UFL 6.08 5.97
LFL 40.45 39.65
100
0.5
88.24 97.75
LFL
UFL 9.24 9.02
LFL 66.71 70.66
FBR
0.5
110.12 129.97
LFL
UFL 0.35 0.36
LFL 1.75 1.63
5
0.5
Piping from discharge of 3.22 2.73
LFL
2 IS02 compressors to vapour
UFL 1.7 1.71
arm
LFL 8.45 7.28
25
0.5
18.32 14.03
LFL

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
UFL 6.72 6.64
LFL 46.59 46.14
100
0.5
88.08 102.09
LFL
UFL 6.84 6.73
LFL 47.89 47.08
FBR
0.5
88.76 103.6
LFL
UFL 1.61 1.58
LFL 6.82 5.47
5
0.5
13.52 8.16
LFL
UFL 7.87 7.38
LFL 54.02 49.84
25
0.5
Piping from liquid 123.87 105.88
LFL
3 IS03 Loading & unloading arm
UFL 39.39 38.9
to inlet of LPG Bullets
LFL 250.27 303.56
100
0.5
369.63 428.38
LFL
UFL 66.09 65.56
LFL 299.69 371.04
FBR
0.5
417.64 490.24
LFL
UFL 0.32 0.32
LFL 1.6 1.49
5
0.5
2.94 2.49
LFL
Piping from outlet of UFL 1.55 1.56
4 IS04 tanks to suction of LPG LFL 7.67 6.61
25
filling pumps 0.5
16.09 11.81
LFL
UFL 6.18 6.08
100 LFL 41.26 40.49
0.5 99.04 105.45

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
LFL
UFL 16.59 16.46
LFL 118.08 131.98
FBR
0.5
179.17 211.45
LFL
UFL 2.01 1.97
LFL 8.55 6.72
5
0.5
19.14 11.91
LFL
UFL 9.91 9.17
LFL 70.57 69.25
25
Piping from discharge of 0.5
153.74 141.49
LPG filling to filling hall LFL
5 IS05
(LPG Cylinder filling UFL 51.66 51.02
operation) LFL 257.24 316.5
100
0.5
360.07 424.44
LFL
UFL 85.42 84.56
LFL 303.07 383.64
FBR
0.5
404.71 479.29
LFL
UFL 0.33 0.34
LFL 1.68 1.56
5
0.5
3.07 2.6
LFL
UFL 1.63 1.64
LFL 8.04 6.91
Piping from LPG Bullets 25
0.5
6 IS06 to suction of LPG tanker 17.18 12.8
LFL
loading pump
UFL 6.48 6.37
LFL 44.01 43.31
100
0.5
97.6 112.02
LFL
UFL 9.85 9.61
FBR
LFL 73.24 76.62

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
0.5
121.03 142.44
LFL
UFL 1.83 1.78
LFL 7.37 5.72
5
0.5
15.92 8.68
LFL
UFL 8.94 8.15
LFL 63.92 58.65
25
0.5
Piping from discharge of 164 108.6
LFL
7 IS07 LPG tanker loading pump
UFL 47.09 46.37
tanker loading arm
LFL 264.13 312.74
100
0.5
571.25 461.15
LFL
UFL 123.66 180.36
LFL 706.25 1133.53
FBR
0.5
1643.72 1817.43
LFL
UFL 0.83 0.62
LFL 8.6 5.6
5
LFL
12.55 11.1
Frac
UFL 4.11 3.08
LFL 40.08 26.64
25
LFL
Loss of containment of 57.49 46.53
Frac
8 IS08 LPG from 600MT
UFL 16.13 12.32
Mounded Bullets 1
LFL 137.39 98.73
100
LFL
247.3 162.31
Frac
UFL 83.13 95.08
LFL 226.78 359.59
FBR
LFL
440.25 729.3
Frac
9 IS09 Loss of containment of 5 UFL 0.83 0.62

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
LPG from 600MT LFL 8.6 5.6
Mounded Bullets 2 LFL
12.55 11.1
Frac
UFL 4.11 3.08
LFL 40.08 26.64
25
LFL
57.49 46.53
Frac
UFL 16.13 12.32
LFL 137.39 98.73
100
LFL
247.3 162.31
Frac
UFL 83.13 95.08
LFL 226.78 359.59
FBR
LFL
440.25 729.3
Frac
UFL 0.664 0.496
LFL 6.88 4.48
5
LFL
10.04 8.88
Frac
UFL 3.288 2.464
LFL 32.064 21.312
25
LFL
Frac
UFL 12.904 9.856
Mounded Bullets 1
LFL 109.912 78.984
100
LFL
197.84 129.848
Frac
UFL 66.504 76.064
LFL 181.424 287.672
FBR
LFL
352.2 583.44
Frac
UFL 0.664 0.496
Loss of containment of
LFL 6.88 4.48
11 IS11 LPG from 300MT 5
LFL
Mounded Bullets 2 10.04 8.88
Frac

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
UFL 3.288 2.464
LFL 32.064 21.312
25
LFL
45.992 37.224
Frac
UFL 12.904 9.856
LFL 109.912 78.984
100
LFL
197.84 129.848
Frac
UFL 66.504 76.064
LFL 181.424 287.672
FBR
LFL
352.2 583.44
Frac
UFL 0.664 0.496
LFL 6.88 4.48
5
LFL
10.04 8.88
Frac
UFL 3.288 2.464
LFL 32.064 21.312
25
LFL
Frac
UFL 12.904 9.856
Mounded Bullets 3
LFL 109.912 78.984
100
LFL
197.84 129.848
Frac
UFL 66.504 76.064
LFL 181.424 287.672
FBR
LFL
352.2 583.44
Frac
UFL 2.16 1.89
LFL 3.43 3.98
5
0.5
13 IS13 LFL
Diesel form Diesel Tank
UFL 6.18 6.02
25 LFL 6.34 6.38
0.5 6.35 6.4

Scenario
ID Conc. 2F 5D
mm
LFL
UFL 8.7 8.72
LFL 8.8 8.83
100
0.5
8.8 8.84
LFL
UFL 16.02 18
LFL 16.18 18.15
FBR
0.5
16.21 18.18
LFL
UFL 7.12 6.96
LFL 7.47 7.57
5
0.5
7.5 7.61
LFL
UFL 9.22 9.29
Loss of containment of
LFL 9.27 9.38
14 IS14 Diesel from Diesel Tank 25
0.5
Transfer pump 9.28 9.39
LFL
UFL 11.16 11.25
LFL 11.24 11.35
FBR
0.5
11.24 11.36
LFL
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
FBR: Full Bore Rupture
It can be noted that the flammable cloud dispersion distances (LFL) are more in case of full bore
rupture of LPG Mounded Bullets. It goes up to approximately 450m for5Dwind condition.
Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire
A jet or spray fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel
continuously released with some significant momentum in a particular direction or directions.
The properties of jet fires depend on the fuel composition, release conditions, release rate,
release geometry, direction and ambient wind conditions.
Radiation due to jet fire are given in the table below –
Table 7.8: Jet fire radiation distances
SN Scenario Description of scenario Leak Jet Fire distances in m

ID Size in Radiati
mm on 2F 5D
kw/m2
4 NR NR
5 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 14.92 15.51
25 12.5 11.36 12.42
Piping from LPG Bullets 37.5 NR NR
1 IS01
to suction of compressors 4 61.58 61.73
100 12.5 46.3 49.68
37.5 35.47 40.2
4 90.79 89.24
FBR 12.5 66.47 70.32
37.5 50.05 55.65
4 NR NR
5 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 17.04 17.61
25 12.5 13.3 14.42
Piping from discharge of
37.5 NR NR
4 69.67 69.54
arm
100 12.5 52.3 55.67
37.5 40.04 44.81
4 70.71 70.53
FBR 12.5 53.02 56.41
37.5 40.57 45.37
4 15.73 13.6
5 12.5 12.57 10.36
37.5 10.57 8.33
4 68.66 59.68
Piping from liquid
25 12.5 54.6 45.43
3 IS03 Loading & unloading arm
37.5 46.19 36.97
to inlet of LPG Bullets
4 239.28 207.78
100 12.5 188.06 156.95
37.5 157.64 126.76
FBR 4 348.64 293.67

Jet Fire distances in m
Leak
Scenario Radiati
ID on 2F 5D
mm
kw/m2
12.5 273.13 222.73
37.5 228.28 180.4
4 NR NR
5 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 15.19 15.79
25 12.5 11.58 12.66
Piping from outlet of
37.5 NR NR
4 IS04 tanks to suction of LPG
4 62.59 62.7
filling pumps
100 12.5 47.02 50.42
37.5 36.02 40.77
4 146.89 141.27
FBR 12.5 104.23 108.41
37.5 77.46 83.78
4 19.7 17.05
5 12.5 15.78 13.03
37.5 13.34 10.57
4 85.63 74.38
Piping from discharge of 25 12.5 67.97 56.56
LPG filling to filling hall 37.5 57.44 46.01
5 IS05
(LPG Cylinder filling 4 297.86 253.16
operation) 100 12.5 233.76 191.91
37.5 195.71 155.45
4 433.7 355.78
FBR 12.5 339.34 271.12
37.5 283.3 220.45
4 NR NR
5 12.5 NR NR
Piping from LPG Bullets 37.5 NR NR
6 IS06 to suction of LPG tanker 4 16.01 16.62
loading pump 25 12.5 12.31 13.43
37.5 NR NR
100 4 65.55 65.53

Leak
Scenario Radiati
ID on 2F 5D
mm
kw/m2
12.5 49.14 52.57
37.5 37.58 42.41
4 96.52 94.63
FBR 12.5 70.45 74.32
37.5 52.97 58.64
4 16.52 14.32
5 12.5 13.21 10.91
37.5 11.12 8.78
4 71.74 62.48
25 12.5 56.97 47.47
37.5 48.11 38.55
7 IS07 LPG tanker loading pump
4 249.18 216.8
tanker loading arm
100 12.5 195.49 163.42
37.5 163.54 131.64
4 NR NR
FBR 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 3.07 3.07
5 12.5 2.75 2.75
37.5 NR NR
Loss of containment of 4 16.34 16.93
8 IS08 LPG from 600MT 25 12.5 13.48 14.64
Mounded Bullets 1 37.5 11.27 12.84
4 66.45 66.29
100 12.5 50.17 53.51
37.5 38.65 43.44
4 3.07 3.07
5 12.5 2.75 2.75
Loss of containment of 37.5 NR NR
9 IS09 LPG from 600MT 4 16.34 16.93
Mounded Bullets 2 25 12.5 13.48 14.64
37.5 11.27 12.84
100 4 66.45 66.29

Leak
Scenario Radiati
ID on 2F 5D
mm
kw/m2
12.5 50.17 53.51
37.5 38.65 43.44
4 2.456 2.456
5 12.5 2.2 2.2
37.5 NR NR
10 IS10 LPG from 300MT 25 12.5 10.784 11.712
4 53.16 53.032
100 12.5 40.136 42.808
37.5 30.92 34.752
4 2.456 2.456
5 12.5 2.2 2.2
37.5 NR NR
11 IS11 LPG from 300MT 25 12.5 10.784 11.712
4 53.16 53.032
100 12.5 40.136 42.808
37.5 30.92 34.752
4 2.456 2.456
5 12.5 2.2 2.2
37.5 NR NR
12 IS12 LPG from 300MT 25 12.5 10.784 11.712
4 53.16 53.032
100 12.5 40.136 42.808
37.5 30.92 34.752
4 NR NR
Loss of containment of 5 12.5 NR NR
13 IS13
Diesel from Diesel Tank 37.5 NR NR
25 4 2.43 2.34

Leak
Scenario Radiati
ID on 2F 5D
mm
kw/m2
12.5 NR 0.98
37.5 NR NR
4 NR NR
100 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 NR NR
FBR 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
4 1.31 0.76
5 12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
14 IS14 Diesel from Diesel Tank 25 12.5 NR NR
Transfer pump 37.5 NR NR
4 3.3 3.18
100 12.5 1.96 1.98
37.5 NR NR
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
Jet fire is a credible scenario for gas facility, in the event of loss of containment from LPG pump
discharge, the jet fire radiation distances for 4kW/m2 radiation goes up to approx. 433m for 2F
wind condition.
Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire
A pool fire involves a horizontal, upward-facing, combustible fuel. When spilled, the
Flammable/combustible liquid may form a pool of any shape and thickness, and may be
controlled by the confinement of the area geometry such as a dyke or curbing. Once ignited, a
pool fire spreads rapidly over the surface of the liquid spill area.
When a spilled liquid is ignited, a pool fire develops. Provided that an ample supply of oxygen is
available, the amount of surface area of the given liquid becomes the defining parameter. The
diameter of the pool fire depends upon the release mode, release quantity (or rate), and burning
rate. Liquid pool fires with a given amount of fuel can burn for long periods of time if they have
a small surface area or for short periods of time over a large spill area.

Following table gives radiation distances for pool fire scenario where it is assumed that the dyke
will contain leaked material and would not allow it to flow beyond the restricted bund area.
Table 7.9: Pool fire radiation distances
Pool Fire distances in m
Description of Leak Size in
SN Scenario ID Radiation
scenario mm 2F 5D
kw/m2
4 84.30 98.39
5 12.5 42.97 43.60
37.5 NR NR
4 97.31 112.92
25 12.5 51.34 52.14
37.5 NR NR
1 IS13 Diesel Tank
4 33.97 37.70
100 12.5 19.19 23.48
37.5 11.61 12.15
4 90.52 108.29
FBR 12.5 44.58 47.52
37.5 NR NR
4 42.15 49.195
5 12.5 21.485 21.8
37.5 NR NR
4 48.655 56.46
25 12.5 25.67 26.07
Diesel Tank 37.5 NR NR
2 IS14
Transfer pump 4 16.985 18.85
100 12.5 9.595 11.74
37.5 5.805 6.075
4 45.26 54.145
FBR 12.5 22.29 23.76
37.5 NR NR
NR: Not Reached
The above results show that the pool fire radiation distances are in case of Diesel tank which
goes up to 108 m for 4kW/m2 radiationfor 5D wind Condition.
Radiation Distances due to Fireball
Table 7.10: Fireball Radiation Distances
Leak Fireball distances in m
Scenario
SN Description of scenario Size in Radiation
ID 2F 5D
mm kw/m2

Scenario
ID 2F 5D
mm kw/m2
4 44.98 42.51
Piping from LPG Bullets
1 IS1 100 12.5 20.49 18.89
to suction of compressors
37.5 NR NR
4 40.78 38.61
100 12.5 18.98 17.62
37.5 NR NR
4 40.78 38.61
arm
FBR 12.5 18.98 17.62
37.5 NR NR
Piping from liquid 4 269.17 247.76
Loading & unloading 12.5 136.72 124.05
3 IS3 FBR
arm to inlet of LPG
37.5 16.2 NR
Bullets
4 74.03 69.54
100 12.5 34.9 32.09
Piping from outlet of
37.5 NR NR
4 IS4 LPG Bullets to suction of
4 74.03 69.54
LPG filling pumps
FBR 12.5 34.9 32.09
37.5 NR NR
4 268.22 247.55
Piping from discharge of 100 12.5 142.07 130.35
LPG filling pumps to
37.5 50.2 39.36
5 IS5 filling hall (LPG
4 268.22 247.55
Cylinder filling
operation) FBR 12.5 142.07 130.35
37.5 50.2 39.36
4 52.18 49.24
100 12.5 24.29 22.44
Piping from LPG Bullets
37.5 NR NR
6 IS6 to suction of LPG tanker
4 52.18 49.24
loading pump
FBR 12.5 24.29 22.44
37.5 NR NR
Piping from discharge of 4 1484.53 1299.07
7 IS7 LPG tanker loading FBR 12.5 796.87 690.66
pump to LPG tanker 37.5 269.58 147.03

Scenario
ID 2F 5D
mm kw/m2
loading arm
4 1366.03 1199.02
20 IS8 600MT Mounded Bullets FBR 12.5 728.14 631.92
37.5 230.06 103.13
4 1366.03 1199.02
37.5 230.06 103.13
4 819.618 719.412
37.5 138.036 61.878
4 819.618 719.412
37.5 138.036 61.878
4 819.618 719.412
37.5 138.036 61.878
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
In case of Fireball for gas facility, in the event of loss of containment of LPG from 600MT
Mounded Bullets, the Fireball radiation distances for 4kW/m2 radiation goes up to approx. 1350
m for 5D wind condition.

7.2.7 Likelihood Estimation
Frequency analysis was conducted for each of the release scenarios identified based on the
number of potential leak sources contained within each isolatable section. Leaks may occur from
various components such as tanks, pumps, pipes, valves and flanges. Each component has a
generic historical leak frequency per single item such as a leak frequency per flange-year or per
meter of pipe per year. Generic failure data for equipment and piping items is derived from
historical leak frequency data compiled by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
(OGP). For components other than Tanks, Report No. 434 – 1 – Process Release Frequencies dtd
March 2010 has been used and for storage tanks, Report No. 434 – 3 – Storage incident
frequencies dtd March 2010 has been referred to.
Failure Frequencies
This scenario is considered only for floating roof type of tank. Under section 2 of Report No. 434
– 3 the failure frequency of sunken roof in case of floating roof tank is 1.1 × 10-3/avg year.
For other scenarios, the failure frequency has been estimated using parts count approach. The
total leak frequency for any scenario is estimated by counting the number of each type of
component in the section. This process is called “Parts Count”. The generic leak frequencies are
then multiplied by the number of corresponding components in each isolatable section to obtain
the overall leak frequency for that section.
The calculated frequencies are given here below

Table 7.11: Estimated failure frequency

7.2.8 Risk Analysis
This section deals with the risk assessment of Terminal installed at LPG Bottling Plant, Una. The
risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is calculated based on consequences, parts count, failure
frequency, ignition sources etc.
A Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is used to determine the risk caused by the use, handling,
transport and storage of hazardous substances. The results of the QRA are, for example, used to
assess the acceptability of the risk in relation to the benefits of the activity, to evaluate new
developments on and off-site, to estimate the benefit of risk-reducing countermeasures and to
determine zoning distances around an activity for land-use planning. QRAs are used to
demonstrate the risk caused by the activity and to provide the competent authorities with relevant
information to enable decisions on the acceptability of risk related to developments on site, or
around the establishment or transport route.
7.2.9 Risk Contours

Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is a measure of the risk exposure of an individual who is
continuously present at a particular location for the whole year.
This is a graphical representation of the risk estimated. Individual risk estimated for LPG
Bottling Plant, Una is superimposed on layout and has illustrated below,
It can be seen that the risk level of 1E-03/avg year is surrounded to the LPG Bulltes.
Above figure shows the risk impact of the entire facility. It can be seen easily that though the risk
contour goes beyond the facility is 10E-06/avgyear, there is no other populated facility which
will get affected.
FN Curve
The FN Curve shows the frequency (F) with which events cause N or more fatalities. F-N curve
for risk posed by LPG Bottling Plant, Una on public surrounding is given here below. The risk is
well within ALARP limits
IRPA and PLL

Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) and Potential Loss of Life (PLL) are estimated based on the
LSIR at the locations. Figure above shows that the risk at the office building is less than 1E-
07/avg year. Therefore the IRPA and PLL also fall under broadly acceptable region.
7.2.10 Conclusion
The risk analysis shows that the risk is below 1E-04/avg year. After benchmarking the risk
against PNGRB’s Individual Risk Acceptance criteria, the risk is within ALARP or Tolerable
Region – (Risk is tolerated only – High, investigate alternatives)region which means that normal
precautions shall be maintained.
However, in case of emergency there should be availability of the fire fighting system to control
fire and also the vehicles to escape from hazardous area.
7.2.11 Recommendations
The facility handles storage and handling of LPG which is highly inflammable in nature.
Considering the hazard associated with storage and handling of LPG, state-of-art safety and
security system has to be conceived to eliminate the hazard.
1. Safety as a consideration; the whole Tank Farm must be automated in order to avoid delays
in mitigating the risks unlike in manual operations.
2. Periodic preventive maintenance of pumps, valves, flanges, nozzles, flame arrestors,
breather valves etc. must be done. This preventive maintenance includes:
a. Regular inspection of all pumps checking for mechanical seal to prevent leakages and
fugitive emission.
b. Regular inspection of storage tanks checking for leaks due to cracks, spillages,
corrosion/erosion etc.
c. Regular inspection of flame arrestors and breather valve checking for corrosion.
d. Periodic functional tests of all valves ( isolation valves or any other valves installed along
the pipeline)
e. Checking of storage areas for accumulation of any hazardous or combustible material.
f. Safety devices and control instruments to be calibrated once in a year.
3. Fire & Gas detection system must be installed within one meter radius of tank farm area.
4. Flameproof Motors for unloading near flammable storage tank should be provided with
double earthing.
5. At every tank farm its license number, storage capacity & name of the chemicals should be
displayed at the entrance.
6. There should be good communication system available near tank farm area to the control
room, and it should be flameproof.
7. Periodic On Site Emergency Mock Drills and occasional Off Site Emergency Mock Drills
must be conducted, so that the staff is trained and are in a state of preparedness to tackle
any emergency.
8. Safe operating procedure to be prepared for hazardous processes and material handling
process.
9. Operating personnel should be adequately trained.
10. Work permit system must be implemented mandatorily for hazardous work in the plant.
11. Safety manual and Public awareness manual needs to be prepared and distributed to all
employees and nearby public.
12. Fire & Safety organization setup to be planed and implemented for better plant process
safety.
13. Security circuit containing fusible plugs to detect heat/fire and thereby closing ROVs in
vase of fire.
14. Fire water deluge and sprinkler system for spheres and mounded vessels.
15. LPG Storage vessel pressure safety valves designed for fire case.
16. Gas detectors at vantage points near LPG Storage vessel to detect any gas leak and give
alarm.
17. Dyke of small height at the LPG storage to collect LPG spillage with the floor at the
bottom of LPG Storage vessel sloping away from Storage vessels so that LPG will not form
a pool below the Storage vessel itself.
18. All the ROVs should be fire safe certified and CCOE certified for SOV.
19. Emergency push buttons should be provided in LPG control room and also in field at safe
location for manual actuation of emergency shutdown interlock by the operator.
20. LPG transfer pumps should have double mechanical seal type with low level indication and
high pressure indication in field at seal pot. Low level alarm and high pressure alarm
should be available in LPG control room for monitoring the status of level and high
pressure for pump operation, accordingly action should be initiated for running of LPG
Pump.
21. For additional safety, in case of any rupture in the discharge line of LPG Transfer Pump,
alarm should be received in the control room and LPG pumps should automatically stop
running.
22. Water sprinkler arrangement should be always in working condition at the Bullet top
exposed domes / structure, Horton LPG Storage vessels and pumps area.
23. Entire storage and handling facility should be covered under fire hydrant and monitor loop.
24. In case of flame detection in pump house and LPG Storage area, action should be initiated
through various interlocks for closing of all ROVs located in LPG mounded vessels outlet
line, inlet line, vapour balance line, saturation line and pump minimum flow line.
Sequentially, Deluge Valve will open, Marcaptan Dosing Pump will trip and also LPG
pumps will trip. Accordingly, fire water sprinkler system will actuate automatically as per
logic.
25. Actuation of pressure switch due to quartzoid bulb failure on any of fire detection loop
should give audio-visual alarm at the LPG control room, fire station and security gate
indicating fire.
26. ROV should be manually auto reset type. All DV’s should be ready for taking next signal
immediately after one operation is over, without any further interruption or manual reset.
The Deluge valve position (Opened/Closed) should be indicated by proximity sensor.
27. Suitable corrosion protection for internal and external surface of mounded storage vessel
should be provided.
28. Cathodic protection should be provided for mounded storage vessels on the external
surface.
29. In order to reduce the frequency of failures and consequent risk, codes, rules and standards framed
e.g. OISD 144, SMPV rules (Unfired), gas cylinder rules etc. should be strictly followed with
respect to construction of new facilities.
30. There should be no depression or low lying areas in the plant in order to avoid accumulation of
LPG vapour and consequent hazard.
31. Safety valves located on the storage vessels and other places must be tested regularly. The block
valves before safety valve must always be kept in open condition when safety valves are in
position. It is desirable to provide a chain and lock to ensure that the block valve is not
inadvertently kept closed when safety valve is in position.
32. Vehicular traffic as well as entry of personnel inside the plant area must be restricted.
33. Smoking within the premises should be strictly prohibited. Use of naked light or hot work must be
restricted to the areas designated for the purpose.
34. The sprinkler system including quartzoid bulbs, heat detectors and remote operated valves must be
checked regularly for timely actuation of the safety system. LPG gas detection system should be
checked regularly.
35. The DG sets must be periodically tested on load to ensure that it remains always in operating
condition.
36. Training of all the employees for fire fighting and use of safety apparatus must be conducted
regularly. Mock drills should be conducted at regular intervals keeping liaison with local
administration and fire-fighting facilities available in the area.
37. Safety Audits must be regularly done as per norms & recommendations of OISD.
38. Inspection and testing of the major equipments e.g. LPG storage, LPG pumps and compressors etc.
should be done at regular intervals for ensuring their health and condition monitoring.
39. Mutual aid agreement should be done with nearby industries. Also agreement shall be made with
hospitals, fire services, nursing homes for help during emergency.
40. Procurement of materials, construction & erection of the plant should be done as per international
codes & practices.
41. Proper lighting system should be done in the plant so that plant personnel can approach in any part
of the plant during night.
42. Disaster Management plan which has been prepared for the plant should be updated to cover the
proposed refrigerated LPG storage and handling facilities along with proposed mounded vessels.
CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
PLAN
8.1 Introduction
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted
impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines
the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation
and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to
implement these measures.
The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during
developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.
The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical
and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could
otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
 A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures
 Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action
 Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are
fully met
The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental
monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore,
environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental
activities.
8.2 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period
during the construction activity. Construction shall be planned in such a way that excavated
material shall be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities shall preferably be
employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.
Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction
activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for
implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.
8.2.1 Air Environment
During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries
deployed for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous
emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic
measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from
point area and line sources shall include the following:
 All equipment used during construction shall have valid PUC certificate.
 The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed
to minimize the risk of wind-blown material and dust
 To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling shallbe done.
 There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities
 All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent
escape of dust
 Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust
emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained
in accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to
ensure compliance
 Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a
sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by
HPPCB.
8.2.2 Noise Environment
The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse

impacts on noise environment during construction phase:
 Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels shall be used
 Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles shall be
undertaken
 Onsite workers shall be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs
wherever necessary
 Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site shall be undertaken to ensure
compliance per HPPCB set standards
8.2.3 Water Environment
Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors shall be met from
existing borewells on site. Construction labourersshall be provided with adequate quantity of
drinking water of potable quality.
Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities shall be provided in order to maintain hygienic
conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes shall be
treated in Septic Tank along with Soak Pit.
The solid waste generated shall be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a
landfill site or used as compost to be used in lawns/gardening purpose.
8.2.4 Land Environment
 On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes
shall be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land will be
prohibited and used appropriately.
 The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil or any other non-biodegradable wastes that
have leachable constituents will be disposed to authorized recyclers.
 A waste management plan shall be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the
commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural
vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil
compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.
8.2.5 Biological Environment
The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities.
Following environmentalmanagement measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts
on biological environment during construction phase:
 Native species will be preferred for plantation in addition to beautification plants/species.
8.2.6 Socio-economic Environment
Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent
on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely
impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the
high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme will be
put in place to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads.Local persons will get
employment during Construction phase.
8.2.7 Health and Safety
 The movement of heavy equipment will be undertaken with proper precaution to prevent any
accidents on the road. Occupational risk shall be minimized at the project site through
implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with
20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.
 Safety training shall be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment.
Security shall also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access
to the machinery and equipment.
 The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable
diseases. Health check up of the contract labors shall be done/ recorded at times. All illness
and incidents shall be reported and recorded.
8.3 EMP during Operation Phase

In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental
components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:
8.3.1 Air Environment
 Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program has been implemented in the facility and shall be
extended for the proposed Mounded Storage Bullets system
 Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring
shall be continued in the impact zone as per regulations
 To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective
equipmente.g. helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, safety harness for working at heights,
safety shoes, safety goggles, low temperature hand gloves & shock resistant hand glovesetc.
shall be continued for workers engaged in operation of process units within the facility
complex
 Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of
pollutants has already been provided
 Waste Lube oil will not be incinerated and will be continued to sold to HPPCB authorised
waste oil recyclers
 All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities have been
paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the
roads
8.3.2 Noise Environment
Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure
practicably low noise levels within the work environment.
 The major areas of concern for noise generation have already been adequately addressed by
considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation
stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to
ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized.
 Monitoring job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by
verifying acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with
noise criteria
 Conducting periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such
as compressors, DG sets, etc
 Provision of PPE’s shall be continued to be done and their proper usage will be ensured for
eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors
 Acoustic barriers and silencers shall be used in equipment wherever necessary
 Sound proofing/ glass panelinghave been provided at critical operating stations/ control
rooms, etc
 Monitoring of ambient noise levels shall also be continued to be carried out regularly both
inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt
8.3.3 Water Environment
 For domestic sewage, Septic Tank along with Soak Pithas been provided.
 There are/will be no industrial effluent generated in this plant. However, waste water
being generated during plant operations (during washing of empty cylinders) shall be re-
circulated/ re-used.
 There shall be no increase in quantity of waste water generation from operation of
proposed Mounded Bullets.
 Rain Water Harvesting: The rain water harvesting program has been implemented in LPG
bottling plant. The system has been developed around the admn. Building, Truck Parking
area, Cold Repair shed, Empty cylinder shed in the plant. The practice shall be continued
and extended further.
8.3.4 Land Environment
 Greenbelt in and around the facility will be strengthened/maintained

 A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be
continued to be maintained at environmental monitoring cell
Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
 No solid hazardous waste will be generated in the operation of LPG Bottling Plant.
8.3.5 Biological Environment
Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to
their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for
providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.
8.3.6 Socio-economic Environment
In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain
good will of local people, steps will be taken for improving the social environment. Necessary
social welfare measures by the industry shall be undertaken in gaining public confidence and to
meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested:
 IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality
of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies
 Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may
be taken up
 Regular medical checkup shall be continued at times in the villages around the facility
 Focus shall be on to educate villagers regarding safety measure provided in the plant.
8.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Introduction
Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is

just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The
resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-
economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader
prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is
not desecrated.
For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring
programmeshall be continued to be carried out at the LPG Bottling Plant.
The programme includes the following:

 Environmental Monitoring
 Personnel Training
 Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures
 Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other
records
Environmental Monitoring
Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the
post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information
on the following aspects.
 It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
 It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,
have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post
study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program
Area of Sampling Frequency of Parameters to be Analysed

Monitoring locations Sampling
Ambient Air Station within Twice in a year PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC, VOCs and
Quality premises. other parameters as specified by
HPPCB consents
Stack monitoring Once in three TPM, SO2, NOx and other parameters
of DG Set months as specified by HPPCB consents
Water Ground water Twice in a year  Physical and Chemical parameters
sample within the  Bacteriological parameters
Plant  Heavy metals and toxic constituents
Noise Within Plant shed Twice a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq) during
for bottling Plant operations.
operations
Solid Waste Records of As & when --
generation of required
used drums, bags
and
records of their
dispatch to
suppliers for
refilling
Environmental Environmental Once in a year --
Audit Statement statement under
the EP (Act) 1986
8.4.1 Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring of ambient air quality at the LPG Bottling Plant site shall be continued to be carried
out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air
quality shall be monitored as per Table 8.1.
8.4.2 Surface Water Quality
Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There
are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of
surface water in the vicinity of LPG Bottling Plant area during the operation is possible only in
one form.
8.4.3 Noise Level
Ambient noise levels have been monitored at 8 stations inside and outside the plant during
baseline season for day time and night time.
8.5 Environmental Management Cell

The Locattion-in-charge of the LPG Bottling Plantwith the assistance of operation and
maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management.
Technical officers of the LPG Bottling Plantstation shall regularly carry out the following:
 Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

 Systematic and routine housekeeping at the LPG Bottling Plant
Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to
improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavour, the IOCL has been accredited with
national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this
following aspects are covered.
 Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment

management.
 Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of
personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management
functions.
 Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at LPG Bottling
Plantsite.
 Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at LPG Bottling Plantthrough an external
agency approved by HPPCB.
8.6 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures

IOCL has proposed a capital investment of Rs42lacs and a recurring cost of Rs. 10.2 lacs per
annum for environmental protection measures. The details of investment for procuring the
equipment for efficient control and monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are
given in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures
Sr. Particulars Capital Proposed Recurring Proposed

No. Cost (Rs. Lacs) Cost (Rs. Lacs)
1 Dust suppression 5 1.7
2 Water quality monitoring &
15 2
management
3 Air quality and noise
20 6
monitoring
4 Greenbelt / Plantation 2 0.5
Total 42 10.2
CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
9.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office
staff, their R and D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental
Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, Thane.
M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory:
Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of

India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that
they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered,
make them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in
record time is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental
brigadiers consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic
experts, solid waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and
monitoring experts and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and
best services.
Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental
clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township
projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.
Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP/WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from
Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF
approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and
analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and
meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.
The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: EIA Team
SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert(NABET Accredited)

1 Mr.Timir Shah EIA Coordinator
2 Mr.Timir Shah Air Pollution
2 Mr.Timir Shah Water Pollution
3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste
5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity
6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic
7 Mr.Ajay Patil Team Member
Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s.Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 9.2:
Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA
FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS

NAME OF NAME OF NAME OF INVOLVED
S.N.
SECTOR PROJECT CLIENT
FA NAME/S
1. Schedule 6 Proposed M/s.Indian AP Mr.Timir Shah
(b) Category augmentation in Oil Mr.Timir Shah
‘B’ LPG Bulk Storage Corporation WP Associate:
capacity at LPG Limited. Mr.Ajay Patil
Bottling Plant at Dr. T. K. Ghosh
Mehatpur, Una, EB Associate:
Himachal Pradesh Ms.BhartiKhairnar
SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede
Mr. Santosh Gupta
SHW Associate:
Mr.Timir Shah
Mr.SwapnilAvghade
LU Associate: Mr. Prasad
Khedkar
Mr.Subhash L. Bonde
RH Associate:
Mr.Ajay Patil
9.2 Laboratory for Analysis
ACCREDITATION
NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES
STATUS
Monitoring and Analysis of:
 Ambient Air Monitoring
 Stack Emission Monitoring
VALIDITY
ENVIRON-TECH  Bore Water(Analysis)
23.04.2019
 Domestic and Potable
Water(Analysis)
 Waste Water(Analysis)

ANNEXURE - I
Site Layout
ANNEXURE 2
Ambient Air Quality Results

Site 1
Date PM1 PM2. SO NO NH O3 CO Arseni Lead Banzene Benzo(a) Nickel

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
2 80 40 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Januar
y
6 feb 80 34 5 08 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
march
Site 2

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-3

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-4

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-5

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-6

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
march
march
April
April
4 May 82 37 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
May
1 June 81 41 5 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9 June 88 34 6 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Site-7

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-8

0 5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-9

5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march
Site-10

5 2 2 3 c pyrene
Januar
y
march

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

PROPOSED AUGMENTATION IN LPG BULK STORAGE CAPACITY AT

M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh i

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ii

Table 1.1: Project and Project Proponent Description .................................................................... 6

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iv

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh v

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vi

Technology and Activity (Process) Description

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 1

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE, FILLING AND DISPATCH of LPG is

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 2

Table 3: Schedule of Fire Pumps

Instrumentation and Automation

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 3

Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan

Air Impact Mitigation

Noise Impact Mitigation

Water Impact Mitigation

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 4

Socio-Economic Environment Impact Mitigation

Environmental Monitoring Programme

Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 5

1.1 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 6

Indian Oil Corporation Limited,

1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 7

This EIAA Report add dresses the environment

Figure 1.1: Connectiviity Map

1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 9

1.5 Objective and Scope of EIA Study

1.6 Structure of EIA Report

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 10

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 11

2.1 Type of project

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

2.3 Location & Layout

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 12

North Side : Railway Route

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 13

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 14

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 15

EIA Report for LPG Bottling

EIA Report for LPG Bottling

Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility

Existing Mounded 3 300 MT 900 MT

Proposed Mounded 2 600 MT 1200 MT

3 Power requirement 450 KW

C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 18

2.4.2 Land use

2.5 Process Description

2.5.3 LPG Pump House

2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air Drying Unit

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 19

2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities

 Checking of weight and Leak testing

EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 20

 Storage of filled cylinders and transportation