44 Work, Energy, Power and Collision

1 2  1 2
14. (b) W  Fs  F  at froms  ut  at 
2  2 
1 F  
 W  F    t2 
 2  m 

Work Done by Constant Force F 2t2 25 (1)2 25 5

    J
2m 2  15 30 6
1. (b) Work done by centripetal force is always zero,
15. (b) Work done on the body = K.E. gained by the
because force and instantaneous
body
displacement are always perpendicular.
Fscos  1  F cos
W  F .s  Fs cos  Fs cos(
90)  0
1 1
2. (a) Work = Force × Displacement (length)    2.5N
If unit of force and length be increased by four s 0.4
times then the unit of energy will increase by 16. (b) Work done  mgh 10 9.8  1  98 J
16 times. 17. (b)
3. (c) No displacement is there.
t2 t
2. 18. (d) s   ds  dt
4. (d) Stopping distance Su If the speed is
4 2
doubled then the stopping distance will be
four times. md2s 6d2  t2 
F  ma     3N
W 25 1 dt2 dt2  4 
5. (c) W  Fscos  cos    
Fs 50 2 Now
  60 2

6. (b) Work done = Force × displacement W

0
2

 F ds  0
2 t
3 dt 
2
3  t2 
  
2  2  0
3
4
 
(2)2  (0)2 
= Weight of the book × Height of the book
shelf
7. (b) Work done does not depend on time. 19. (d) Net force on body  42  32  5N

8. (c) W  F .s  (5ˆ
i  3ˆ
j).(2ˆ
i ˆ
j) = 10 – 3 = 7 J  a  F / m  5 / 10  1 / 2m/s2

dx 1
9. (a) v   3  8t  3t2 Kinetic energy = mv2
dt 2
 v0  3 m / s and v4  19m/s 1
 m(at)2  125J
2
1
W m(v42  v02) (According to work u2 10 10
2 20. (d) s    10m
energy theorem) 2g 2  0.5  10

1 21. (d) W  F .s
  0.03 (192  32)  5.28J
2  (3ˆ
i  4ˆ
j).(3ˆ
i  4ˆ
j)  9  16  25J
10. (d) As the body moves in the direction of force 22. (d) Total mass = (50 + 20) = 70 kg
therefore work done by gravitational force will Total height = 20 × 0.25 = 5m
be positive.  Work done = mgh = 70 × 9.8 × 5 = 3430 J
W  Fs  mgh 10 9.8  10  980J 23. (d)
11. (d) s ˆ).(2ˆ ˆ)  0
W  F .s  (6ˆ
i  2ˆ
j  3k i  3ˆ
j  xk
12. (b) W  mgsin  s
m 12 6  3x  0  x  2
mg sin 
 2  103  sin15  10 24. (a)
 5.17kJ W  F .(r2  r1)  (4ˆ
i ˆ ˆ)(11ˆ
j  3k i  11ˆ
j

W  44  11 45  100Joule
13. (d) W  F .s  (5ˆ
i  6ˆ ˆ).(6ˆ
j  4k ˆ)
i  5k 25. (c)
 30  20  10 units W  (3ˆ
i  cˆ ˆ).(4ˆ
j  2k i  2ˆ ˆ)  6 J
j  3k

W  12 2c  6  6  c  6
 45 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
26. (a) Both part will have numerically equal
momentum and lighter part will have more  (6ˆ
i  2ˆ
j)  (3ˆ
i ˆ
j)  6  3  2 1  18  2  16 J
velocity.
41. (c) When the ball is released from the top of tower
27. (d) Watt and Horsepower are the unit of power
then ratio of distances covered by the ball in
28. (b) Work = Force × Displacement first, second and third second
If force and displacement both are doubled
then work would be four times.
hI : hII : hIII  1 : 3 : 5 : [because

29. (d) W  FS cos  10 4  cos60  20 Joule hn  (2n  1)]

30. (a) W  F .s  (5ˆ
i  4ˆ
j).(6ˆ
i  5ˆ ˆ)
j  3k  Ratio of work done mghI : mghII : mghIII =
 30  20  10J 1:3:5
31. (b) Fraction of length of the chain hanging from
the table Work Done by Variable Force
1 60cm 3 10
    n x1 x1
 x2  1
x
n 200cm 10 3 1 2
1. (b) W  F .dx   Cx dx  C    Cx1
Work done in pulling the chain on the table 0 0 
 2 
0 2
mgL 2. (c) When the block moves vertically downward
W 2
2n L/ g T
with acceleration then tension in the cord
n 4
4  10 2
  3.6J
2  (10/3)2  g 3
T  M  g    Mg
32. (c) When a force of constant magnitude which is  4 4 d
perpendicular to the velocity of particle acts Work done by the cord = F .s  Fscos
on a particle, work done is zero and hence
change in kinetic energy is zero.  3Mg 
= 180)  
Td cos( d
33. (a) The ball rebounds with the same speed. So  4 
change in it's Kinetic energy will be zero i.e. d
work done by the ball on the wall is zero.  3Mg
4
34. (b)
W  F .r  (5ˆ
i  3ˆ ˆ).(2ˆ
j  2k i ˆ
j)  10  3  7 J
F2
3. (c) W 
2k
35. (a) K.E. acquired by the body = work done on the
body If both springs are stretched by same force

1 1
K .E.  mv2  Fs i.e. it does not depend then W 
2 k
upon the mass of the body although velocity As k1  k2 therefore W1  W2
depends upon the mass i.e. more work is done in case of second
1 spring.
v2  [If F and s are constant]
m 4. (a) P.E.

36. (d) W  F .s  (4ˆ

i  5ˆ ˆ).(3ˆ
i  0ˆ ˆ) 1 1
j  0k j  6k  k(x22  x12)   10[(0.25)2  (0.20)2]
2 2
 4  3 units
 5  0.45 0.05  0.1 J
37. (a) As surface is smooth so work done against
friction is zero. Also the displacement and 1 2
force of gravity are perpendicular so work 5. (a) kS  10 J (given in the problem)
2
done against gravity is zero.
38. (c) Opposing force in vertical pulling = mg
1
2
 1

k (2S)2  (S)2  3  kS2 = 3 × 10 = 30 J
2
But opposing force on an inclined plane is mg
sin, which is less than mg. U1 k2
F2 
39. (c) Velocity of fall is independent of the mass of the 6. (c) U   (if force are same)
2k U 2 k1
falling body.
40. (a) Work done  F.s U1 3000 2
  
U 2 1500 1
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 46
F 10 1 
7. (d) Here k   104 N / m  3   kx2   3  100 300J
x 1 10 3 2 
1 2 1 1 2
W  kx   104  (40 10 3)2  8 J 15. (d) U  kx if x becomes 5 times then energy
2 2 2
5 5 will become 25 times i.e. 4  25  100J
 Fdx   (7  2x  3x
2
8. (d) W  ) dx = 16. (c)
0 0
1 1
[7x  x 2  x 3 ]5 W k(x22  x12 )   5  103 (102  52 )  10 4
0
2 2
= 35 – 25 + 125 = 135 J  18.75 J
3
t 17. (a) The kinetic energy of mass is converted into
9. (d) S   dS  t2dt
3 potential energy of a spring
1 1
d2S d2  t3  2 mv2  kx2 
a     2t m/s 2 2
dt2 dt2  3 
Now work done by the force mv2 0.5  (1.5)2
x   0.15m
2 2 k 50
W   F .dS   ma.dS 18. (a) This condition is applicable for simple
0 0 harmonic motion. As particle moves from
mean position to extreme position its potential
 
2 2
2 3 3 4 2
 3  2t  t dt   6t dt =
2
t 0 = 24 J energy increases according to expression
0 0 1 2
U kx and accordingly kinetic energy
1 2 2
10. (b) W  kx decreases.
2
If both wires are stretched through same 1 2
19. (c) Potential energy U  kx
distance then W  k . As k2  2k1 so 2
W2  2W1  U  x2 [if k = constant]
If elongation made 4 times then potential
1 1 energy will become 16 times.
11. (b) mv2  kx2 
2 2 20. (b)
2 2
xv
m
 10
0.1
 0.1m U 2  x2   0.1 
21. (d) U  x 2       25 
k 1000 U1  x1   0.02
12. (c) Force constant of a spring
U 2  25U
F mg 1 10
k    k  500N /m 22. (a) If x is the extension produced in spring.
x x 2  10 2 F
Increment in the length = 60 – 50 = 10 cm F  kx  x =
k
1 2 1
U kx  500(10 10 2)2  2.5 J mg 20 9.8
2 2   4.9 cm
k 4000
13. (b)
F2 T2
1 1 23. (a) U  
W  k(x22  x12)   800 (152  52)  10 4 2k 2k
2 2
 8J dU
24. (b) U  A  Bx2  F    2Bx  F  x
dx
1 2
14. (c) 100 kx (given) 25. (d) Condition for stable equilibrium
2
dU
1 1 F 0
W  k(x22  x12 )  k[(2x)2  x 2 ] dx
2 2
 47 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
d  a b i.e. mAvA  mBvB  4  vA  8  6 
   12
 6 0 
dx  x x  vA  12 m/s
 12ax13  6bx7  0 1
 Kinetic energy of other mass A, = mAv2
A
12a 6b 2a 2a 2
 13
 7
  x6  x  6
x x b b 1
=  4  (12)2 = 288 J.
26. (d) Friction is a non-conservative force. 2
11. (c) Let the thickness of one plank is s
Conservation of Energy and Momentum if bullet enters with velocity u then it leaves
with velocity
1. (c) P  2mE P  m (if E  const.)

 u  19
P1 m1 v  u   u
20 19
   20 u v= u
20
P2 m2
from v2  u2  2as
2. (c) Work in raising a box
2 s
= (weight of the box) × (height by which it is  19  400 u2
raised)   u  u2  2as 
 20  39 2as
P2 1
3. (a) E  if P = constant then E  Now if the n planks are arranged just to stop
2m m
the bullet then again from v2  u2  2as
4. (a) Body at rest may possess potential energy.
5. (b) Due to theory of relativity. 0  u2  2ans u v=0

P2 u2 400
6. (d) E   E  P2  n 
2m 2as 39
i.e. if P is increased n times then E will increase ns
n2 times.
 n  10.25
7. (c) As the planks are more than 10 so we can
8. (c) P.E. of bob at point A = mgl consider n = 11
This amount of energy will be converted into 12. (b) Let h is that height at which the kinetic energy
kinetic energy of the body becomes half its original value i.e.
half of its kinetic energy will convert into
 K.E. of bob at point B = mgl
potential energy
490 490
 mgh =  2  9.8  h  
2 2
m A h  12.5m.
13. (c) P  2mE. If E are same then P  m
and as the collision between bob and block (of P1 m1 1 1
same mass) is elastic
m m
so after collision bob will    
come to rest and totalBKinetic energy will be P2 m2 4 2
transferred to block. So kinetic energy of block
14. (a) Let initial kinetic energy, E1  E
= mgl
9. (b) According to conservation of momentum Final kinetic energy, E2  E  300% of E = 4E
Momentum of tank = Momentum of shell
P2 E2 4E
125000 × vtank = 25 × 1000  vtank = 0.2 ft/sec. As P E     2
10. (d) As the initial momentum of bomb was zero, P1 E1 E
therefore after explosion two parts should P2  2P1
possess numerically equal momentum
 P2  P1  100% of P1
vA vB
4kg 8kg i.e. Momentum will increase by 100%.
A B 15. (b) P  2mE if E are equal then P  m
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 48
i.e. heavier body will possess greater E1 m2
1
momentum. E i.e. 
m E 2 m1
16. (c) Let P1  P , P2  P1  50% of P1 =
23. (d) s  u2 i.e. if speed becomes double then
P 3P1 stopping distance will become four times i.e.
P1  1 
2 2 8  4  32m
2 2 24. (c) s  u2 i.e. if speed becomes three times then
E2  P2   3P /2  9
EP  2      1   distance needed for stopping will be nine
E1  P1  P
 1  4 times.
25. (a) P  2 mE P  E
 E2  2.25E  E1  1.25E1
1
 E2  E1  125% of E1 Percentage increase in P  (percentage
2
i.e. kinetic energy will increase by 125%. increase in E)
17. (b) 1
2m/s v1 v2 (0.1%)  0.05%
=
8kg 4kg 4kg 2
1
Before After
26. (c) Kinetic energy = mv2  K.E.  v2
Asexplosion
the body splits into two equal parts due to
explosion 2
internal explosion therefore momentum of If velocity is doubled then kinetic energy will
system remains conserved i.e. become four times.
8  2  4v1  4v2  v1  v2  4 …(i)
P1 m1
27. (d) P  2mE   (if E = constant)
By the law of conservation of energy P2 m2
Initial kinetic energy + Energy released due to
explosion P1 3
 
= Final kinetic energy of the system
P2 1
28. (d) In compression or extension of a spring work is
1 2 1 2 1 2 done against restoring force.
  8  (2)  16  4v1  4v2
2 2 2 In moving a body against gravity work is done
against gravitational force of attraction.
2 2
 v1  v2  16 …(ii) It means in all three cases potential energy of
the system increases.
By solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get v1  4 and But when the bubble rises in the direction of
upthrust force then system works so the
v2  0
potential energy of the system decreases.
i.e. one part comes to rest and other moves in 29. (a)
the same direction as that of original body.
18. (d) P  2 mE P  E m h
V M
m
i.e. if kinetic energy of a particle is doubled the
its momentum will becomes 2 times. By the conservation of linear momentum
Initial momentum of sphere
19. (b) Potential energy = mgh
= Final momentum of
Potential energy is maximum when h is system
maximum mV  (m  M )vsys. …(i)
20. (c) If particle is projected vertically upward with If the system rises up to height h then by the
velocity of 2m/s then it returns with the same conservation of energy
velocity.
1 2
So its kinetic energy (m  M )vsys.  (m  M )gh
2
1 1 …(ii)
 mv2   2  (2)2  4 J
2 2  vsys.  2gh
21. (b) Substituting this value in equation (i)
P 2  m M 
22. (c) E  if bodies possess equal linear V  2gh
2m  m 
momenta then
 49 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
P2 by solving we get m1  3kg and m2  9kg
30. (b) E  . If momentum are same then
2m Kinetic energy of smaller part =
1 1
E m1v12  216J
m 2
E1 m2 2m 2 2 216 2
     v1   v1  12m/s
E2 m1 m 1 3
So its momentum =
31. (d) P  2mE. If kinetic energy are equal then
m1v1  3  12  36 kg-m/s
P m
As both parts possess same momentum
i.e., heavier body posses large momentum therefore momentum of each part is
As M 1  M 2 therefore M 1V1  M 2 V2 36 kg-m/s

5 40. (c) P  2mE. If E are const. then

32. (d) Condition for vertical looping h  r  5cm 
2
P1 m1 4
r = 2 cm   =2
33. (a) Max. K.E. of the system = Max. P.E. of the P2 m2 1
system 41. (d)
1 2
kx =
2
h1 h2 h h
1
  (16)  (5  10 2)2  2  10 2 J
2 If h is the common height when they are
connected, by conservation of mass
p2 1
34. (d) E   m (If momentum are A1h1  A2h2  h(A1  A2 )
2m E
constant) h  (h1  h2 )/2 [as A1  A2  A given]
m1 E2 1 As (h1/2) and (h2/2) are heights of initial centre
 
m2 E1 4 of gravity of liquid in two vessels., the initial
potential energy of the system
35. (a) P  2mE  P  E i.e. if kinetic energy
becomes four time then new momentum will
become twice. h1 h (h2  h22 )
U i  (h1 A )g  (h2 A ) 2 gA 1
P2 1 2 2 2
36. (a) E  . If P = constant then E  ...(i)
2m m
When vessels are connected the height of
i.e. kinetic energy of heavier body will be less.
centre of gravity of liquid in each vessel will be
As the mass of gun is more than bullet
h/2,
therefore it possess less kinetic energy.
37. (b) Potential energy of water = kinetic energy at (h1  h2 )
i.e. ( [as h  (h1  h2 )/2]
turbine 4
1 Final potential energy of the system
mgh mv2 
2  (h  h2 )   h1  h2 
v 2gh  2  9.8  19.6  19.6 m/s
UF   1 A  g 
 2   4 
p1 m1 E1 2 8 4  (h  h2 )2 
38. (c) p  2mE       Ag 1
p2 m2 E 2 1 1 1  …(ii)
 4 
39. (a) The bomb of mass 12kg divides into two
Work done by gravity
masses
m1 and m2 then m1  m2  12 …(i)
1
W  Ui  U f  gA[2(h12  h22 )  (h1  h2 )2 ]
m1 1 4
and  …(ii)
m2 3
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 50
1 1 1 
 gA(h1 ~ h2 )2 M (V  1)2  1 mv2  …..(ii)
4 2 2 
42. (c) P  2mE. If m is constant then M 1
Putting m  and solving V 
P2 E2 1.22E P2 2 2 1
    1.22  1.1
P1 E1 E P1 P1 m1 4 2
54. (d) P  2mE    
 P2  1.1P1  P2 m2 9 3
P2  P1  0.1P1  P1  10% of P1 P  2 2
P2  2P 
55. (d) E   E 2  E1  2   E1  
So the momentum will increase by 10% 2m P   P 
 1
43. (b) U  mgh 0.2  10 200= 400 J
 E 2  4E  E  3E  E  300% of E
 Gain in K.E. = decrease in P.E. = 400 J.
56. (a) For first condition
P 2 If m is constant then Initial velocity = u, Final velocity = u/2, s = 3
44. (a) E  . E  P2
2m cm
2 2 2
E P   1.2P   u 2
 2   2      1.44 From 2 2
v  u  2as    u  2as 
E1  P1  2
 
 P 
 E 2  1.44E1  E1  0.44E1
3u2
a
8s
E2  E1  44% of E1
Second condition
i.e. the kinetic energy will increase by 44% Initial velocity = u/2, Final velocity = 0
P2 (2)2 u2
45. (a) E    1J From v2  u2  2ax  0   2ax
2m 2  2 4
46. (b) U  mgh 20 9.8  0.5  98 J u2 u2  8s
 x   s / 3  1cm
P 2 (10)2 4  2a 4  2  3u2
47. (b) E    50 J
2m 2  1 57. (c) m1 m2
v1=1.6 v2
48. (b) Because 50% loss in kinetic energy will affect m/s 3kg 6kg
9kg At rest
its potential energy and due to this ball will
After
attain only half of the initial height. Before
explosion
Asexplosion
the bomb initially was at rest therefore
49. (d) If there is no air drag then maximum height
Initial momentum of bomb = 0
u2 14  14
H   10m Final momentum of system = m1v1  m2v2
2g 2  9.8
But due to air drag ball reaches up to height As there is no external force
8m only. So loss in energy  m1v1  m2v2  0  3  1.6  6  v2  0
 mg(10  8)  0.5  9.8  2  9.8 J
velocity of 6 kg mass v2  0.8 m/s
50. (a) 1kcal 103 Calorie 4200J (numerically)
4200 1
 kWh Its kinetic energy  m2v22
3.6  106 2
700 4200 1
 700kcal kWh 0.81kWh   6  (0.8)2  1.92J
3.6  106 2
51. (b) P1 1 1
v 2gh  2  9.8  0.1  1.96  1.4 m / s 58. (b) P  2mE. P  m  
P2 16 4
52. (a)
53. (c) Let m = mass of boy, M = mass of man 59. (c) Potential energy of a body = 75% of 12 J
v = velocity of boy, V = velocity of man 9
mgh = 9 J  h   0.9m
1 1 1  1  10
MV 2   mv2  …..(i)
2 22 
 51 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
Now when this mass allow to fall then it 67. (d) Both fragment will possess the equal linear
acquire velocity momentum
v 2gh  2  10 0.9  18 m/s. m1v1  m2v2  1 80  2 v2 
60. (a) v2  40 m./s
P2 (Ft)2 F 2t2 1 1
61. (b) Kinetic energy E    [As  Total energy of system  m1v12  m2v22
2m 2m 2m 2 2
P = F t]
1 1
1 =  1 (80)2   2 (40)2
62. (b) Potential energy of spring = Kx2 2 2
2
= 4800 J = 4.8 kJ
 PE  x2  PE  a2 68. (b)
63. (a)
v u=100 v=0
m/s
C A B
m m m

2s
Let the thickness of each plank is s. If the initial
Initial momentum of the system (block C) =
mv speed of bullet is 100 m/s then it stops by
covering a distance 2s
After striking with A, the block C comes to rest
and now both block A and B moves with By applying v2  u2  2as 0  u2  2as
velocity V, when compression in spring is
maximum. u2
s s  u2 [If retardation is constant]
By the law of conservation of linear 2a
momentum If the speed of the bullet is double then bullet
v will cover four times distance before coming to
mv = (m + m) V  V  rest
2
By the law of conservation of energy i.e. s2  4(s1 )  4(2s)  s2  8s
K.E. of block C = K.E. of system + P.E. of So number of planks required = 8
system
69. (a) E 
P 2 if P = constant then E  1
1 1 1 m
mv2  (2m) V 2  kx2 2m
2 2 2
According to problem m1  m2  E1  E 2
2
1 1  v 1
 mv2  (2m)    kx2 1
2 2  2 2 70. (c) Kinetic energy  mv2
2
2 1
 kx  mv2 As both balls are falling through same height
2 therefore they possess same velocity.

 xv
m but KE  m (If v = constant)
2k
 KE  1 m1 2 1
   
64. (c) P  2mE  P m   KE  2 m2 4 2
P1 m1 m 1
   71. (b) E 
P 2  E  1 (If P = constant)
P2 m2 4m 2 m
2m
P2 1 E1 m2 i.e. the lightest particle will possess maximum
65. (d) E   E   kinetic energy and in the given option mass of
2m m E 2 m1
electron is minimum.
P2 4 2
66. (b) E    J
2m 2 3 3
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 52
1 i.e. other fragment moves with velocity 3v in
72. (a) P  E  mv mv2  v  2m/s forward direction
2
78. (a)
1 2 79. (a)
73. (c) Initial kinetic energy E  mv …(i)
2
1
Final kinetic energy 2E  m(v  2)2 …(ii)
2
by solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
2m
Initial momentum of particle = mV0
v  (2  2 2) m/s V0 h
v Final momentum
m of system (particle +
m
74. (c) m v
pendulum) = 2mv
At rest
3m
By the law of conservation of momentum
m v
m  mV0  2mv Initial velocity of system v
Before
explosion V
After explosion V0
=
2
Initial momentum of 3m mass = 0 …(i)
Due to explosion this mass splits into three 1
 Initial K.E. of the system = (2m)v2 =
fragments of equal masses. 2
Final momentum of system = 2

ˆ ˆ 1 V 
mV  mvi  mvj …(ii) (2m) 0 
2  2 
By the law of conservation of linear
momentum If the system rises up to height h then P.E. =
 
mV  mvˆ ˆ
i  mvj  0  V  v(ˆ
i ˆ
j) 2mgh

75. (c) v1 v2
By the law of conservation of energy
1g 3g 2
1 V  V2
E1 E2 (2m) 0   2mgh  h  0
2  2 8g
As the momentum of both fragments are equal
E1 m2 3 P1 m1 1 1
therefore   i.e. E1  3E 2 …(i) 80. (d)   
E 2 m1 1 P2 m2 9 3
81. (d) Change in momentum = Force × time
According to problem E1  E 2  6.4  104 J
…(i)
P2  P1  F  t  0.2  10  2
By solving equation (i) and (ii) we get  P2  2  P1  2  10  12kg-m/s
4 4
E1  4.8  10 J and E 2  1.6  10 J Increase in K.E. =
76.
77.
(a)
(b)
1
2m
(P22  P12) 
1
2 5

(12)2  (10)2 
v v1= –v v2
m m/2 m/2 44
  4.4 J
Before After 10
Let the initial mass of body = m
explosion explosion
82. (b) E  P 2 (if m = constant)
Initial linear momentum = mv …(i)
Percentage increase in E = 2(Percentage
When it breaks into equal masses then one of
increase in P)
the fragment retrace back with same velocity
= 2 × 0.01%=0.02%
m m
 Final linear momentum = (v)  (v2) 83. (c) 1 amu  1.66 1027 kg
2 2
…(ii) E  mc2  1.66 1027  (3  108 )2  1.5  1010 J
By the conservation of linear momentum 84. (b) Change in gravitational potential energy
mv mv2 = Elastic potential energy stored in
 mv   v2  3v compressed spring
2 2
 53 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
1 2 Substituting m = 0.1 kg, v = 5 m/s,  = 60°
 mg(h  x)  kx 
2 Force on the ball F  250 3N
85. (c) Negative sign indicates direction of the force

v Power
100 30 m
m 20 m
1. (a)

Ball starts from the top of a hill which is 100 m 2. (d) P  F .v  ma at  ma2t [as u = 0]
high and finally rolls down to a horizontal base 2
v  mv2t
which is
the
20 m above the ground so from
conservation of energy  m 1  t  21  As a  v1/ t1 
 t1  t1
1
mg(h1  h2)  mv2 km 5
2 3. (d) v  7.2  7.2  2Rm/s
h 18 F
 v 2g(h1  h2)  2  10 (100 20)
Slope is given 1 in 20
 1600 40m/s .
1 P
86. (c) When block of mass M collides with the spring  sin  
its kinetic energy gets converted into elastic 20 mg sin  mg cos 
 mg
potential energy of the spring.
From the law of conservation of energy
When man and cycle moves up then
1 1 K component of weight opposes it motion i.e.
Mv2  KL2  v L
F  mgsin
2 2 M
Where v is the velocity of block by which it So power of the man P  F v
collides with spring. So, its maximum  mgsin  v
momentum
 1 
K = 100 9.8     2  98 Watt
P  Mv  M L = MK L  20
M
4. (b) If a motor of 12 HP works for 10 days at the
After collision the block will rebound with same rate of 8 hr/day then energy consumption = power
linear momentum. × time
87. (b)
vA vB J
18kg 12kg = 12 746  (80 60 60) sec
sec
A B
 12 746 80 60 60 J = 2.5 × 109 J
According to law of conservation of linear
momentum paisa
Rate of energy = 50
mA vA  mBvB = 18 6  12 vB  kWh
vB  9 m/s i.e. 3.6  106 J energy cost 0.5 Rs
1 So 2.5 × 109 J energy cost =
K.E. of mass 12 kg, E B  mB vB2
2 2.5  10 9
 358 Rs
1 2  3.6  106
=  12 (9)2  486J
2 5. (c) P = Fv  500 3  1500W  1.5 kW
88. (c) Force = Rate of change of momentum
s 30
Initial momentum 6. (a) P = Fv  F   40  20W
 t 60
P1  mvsin ˆi  mvcos ˆj
7. (b) P = Fv  4500 2  9000W  9 kW
Final momentum
 Workdone mgh
P2  mvsin ˆ
i  mvcos ˆj 8. (d) P  =
Time t

 P  2mvsin 300 9.8  2
 F     1960W
t 2 10 3 3
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 54
mgh p  t 2  103  60 18. (a) As truck is moving on an incline plane
9. (d) P =  m =  therefore only component of weight
t gh 10 10
(mgsin ) will oppose the upward motion
 1200kg
Power = force × velocity = mgsin  v
mass
As volume =   1  30 5
density  30000 10    25kW
1200kg  100 18
v  1.2m3
103 kg/m3 mgh P1 m1 t2
19. (c) P    
Volume = t P2 m2 t1
1.2m3  1.2  103 litre 1200litre (As h = constant)

mgh 200 40 10 P1 60 11 11

10. (c) P   10 103  t    
t 10 103 P2 50 12 10
 8 sec 1
20. (c) Power of a pump  Av3
11. (c) Force required to move with constant velocity 2
 Power = FV To get twice amount of water from same pipe
Force is required to oppose the resistive force v has to be made twice. So power is to be
R and also to accelerate the body of mass with made 8 times.
acceleration a. 21. (a)
 Power = (R  ma)V mgh 80 9.8  6 470
p  W HP  0.63HP
mgh 100 9.8  50 t 10 746
12. (d) P  =  980J /s
t 50 Workdone Increasein K.E.
22. (b) Power  
13. (a) time time
 m 1 1
P    gh 100 10 100  105 W  100kW mv2  103  (15)2
 t
P 2  2  22500W
mgh 200 10 200 t 5
14. (a) p    40kW
t 10 23. (a) Motor makes 600 revolution per minute
15. (c) Volume of water to raise = 22380 l = revolution rev
 n = 600  10
22380×10–3m3 minute sec
mgh Vgh Vgh 1
P   t  Time required for one revolution  sec
t t P 10
Energy required for one revolution = power ×
22380 103  103  10 10
t  15 min time
10 746
1 1 746
16. (c) Force produced by the engine =  746  J
4 10 40
P 30 103 But work done = 40% of input
F   =103N
v 30
Acceleration= 746 40 746
 40%     7.46 J
Forwardforcebyengine– resistive
force 40 100 40
massof car 24. (a) Work output of engine = mgh =
4
1000 750 250 1 2 100 10 10  10 J
  = m/s
1250 1250 5 output
Efficiency () =  Input energy =
input
1
m(v2  u2) outupt
17. (b) Power Workdone 2
  
time t
1 2.05 106  [(25)2  (5 2 )] 104 105
P    100 J
2 5  60 60 6
P  2.05 106 W  2.05MW
 55 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
inputenergy
 Power = =
time Initial linear momentum of system =
 
mA vA  mB vB
105 /6 105
  3.3 kW
5 30 = 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 ×
vB
F .s (2ˆ ˆ).(3ˆ
i  3ˆj  4k ˆ)
i  4ˆj  5k
25. (a) P   Finally both balls come to rest
t 4
 final linear momentum = 0
38
  9.5 W By the law of conservation of linear momenum
4
0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 × vB = 0
W mgh 200 10 50
26. (a) P    
t t 10
 10 103 W 0.2  0.3
vB    0.15 m/s
0.4
Total K.E.of firedbullet
27. (a) Power of gun  6. (c) For a collision between two identical perfectly
time
elastic particles of equal mass, velocities after
collision get interchanged.
1 7. (b)
n mv2 Y
2 360 1
    2 10 2  (100)2  600W
t 60 2 m
u v
28. (a) Energy supplied to liquid per second by the
pump 
X
1 mv2 1 Vv2 1 l O
= = = A       v2
2 t 2 t 2  t Momentum of ball (mass m) before explosion
at the highest point  mvˆ
i  mucos60ˆ
i
l 
 t  v 1ˆ
  = m 200 i= 100mˆ 1
i kgms
1 1 2
 A  v    v2 = Av3
2 2 Y
100m/s
29. (a)
 change
workdone pressure in volume V
Power 
time time
100m/s
20000 1  106 O
X
=  2  102  0.02 W
1 Let the velocity of third part after explosion is
W 1 V
30. (c) Power . If W is constant then P 
t t After explosion momentum of system =
  
P1 t2 20 2 P1  P2  P3
i.e.   
P2 t1 10 1 m m m
=  100ˆj   100ˆj   Vˆ
i
3 3 3
Elastic and Inelastic Collision
By comparing momentum of system before
1. (a) and after the explosion
2. (a)
3. (c) According to law of conservation of linear m m m ˆ
momentum both pieces should possess equal  100ˆj   100ˆj  Vi  100mˆ
i 
3 3 3
momentum after explosion. As their masses
V  300m/s
are equal therefore they will possess equal
speed in opposite direction. 8. (c) Change in the momentum
4. (a) = Final momentum – initial momentum
5. (c) A B Lead ball Tennis
vA vB v ball
0.2k 0.4k m m m m
g g v v
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 56

 m  m1  2m1u1
v2   2  u2 


For lead ball Plead  0  mv  mv
   m1  m2  m1  m2

For tennis ball 2Mu 2u

  
  
Ptennis  mv  mv  2mv M  m 1 m
i.e. tennis ball suffers a greater change in M
momentum. 18. (c) Velocity exchange takes place when the
9. (c) masses of bodies are equal
10. (d) 19. (d) In perfectly elastic head on collision of equal
11. (d) masses velocities gets interchanged
Y
20. (a)
m M
1kg21m/s
u1=6m/s u2=4m/s
1kg X
 m  m2  2m2u2
3kg 21m/s v1   1  u1 

v  m1  m2  m1  m2

Px  m vx  1  21  21 kg m/s Substituting m1 = 0, v1  u1  2u2

Py  m vy  1 21 21kg m/s  v1   6  2(4)  2m/s

 Resultant = Px2  Py2  21 2 kg m/s i.e. the lighter particle will move in original
direction with the speed of 2 m/s.
The momentum of heavier fragment should be v1= 0
  21. (d) v v2
numerically equal to resultant of Px and Py m m/4 3m/
. 4
Before After
3 v  Px2  Py2  21 2  v  7 2 = 9.89 explosion explosion
According to conservation of momentum
m/s
 m  3m  4
12. (b) We know that when heavier body strikes mv   v1    v2  v2  v
elastically with a lighter body then after 4
   4  3
collision lighter body will move with double 22. (d) v2=–5m/s
v1=+3m/s
velocity that of heavier body.
i.e.the ping pong ball move with speed of m1 m2
2  2  4 m/s
  As m1  m2 therefore after elastic collision
13. (d) Change in momentum  mv2  mv1
velocities of masses get interchanged
 mv mv 2mv
i.e. velocity of mass m1  5 m/s
mB vB 50  103  30
14. (c) mG   1.5 kg
vG 1 and velocity of mass m2  3 m/s

15. (d) 23. (b) If ball falls from height h1 and bounces back
16. (a) Initially 238U nucleus was at rest and after
decay its part moves in opposite direction. h2
up to height h2 then e 
v V h1
4 234
 particle Residual
According to conservationnucleus
of momentum
h1
4v v1 h2
4v  234V = 238 × 0  V  
234
v2
17. (c)
M m M m
u1=u u2=0 v1=V v2=v
Before collision After collision
 57 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
Similarly if the velocity of ball before and after 31. (b) In elastic head on collision velocities gets
collision are v1 and v2 respectively then interchanged.
32. (a) Impulse = change in momentum = 2 mv
v = 2  0.06 4  0.48 kg m/s
e 2
v1 33. (b) When ball falls vertically downward from
height h1 its velocity v1  2gh1
v2 h2 1.8 9 3
So     and its velocity after collision v2  2gh2
v1 h1 5 25 5
Change in momentum
i.e. fractional loss in velocity 
P  m(v2  v1 )  m( 2gh1  2gh2 )
v 3 2
 1 2  1  (because v1 and v2 are opposite in
v1 5 5
direction)
4 34. (a) Velocity of 50 kg. mass after 5 sec of
 1 32
24. (a) hn  he2n = 32    2m (here n = 2, projection v  u  gt
 2 16
 100 9.8  5  51m/s
e = 1/2)
At this instant momentum of body is in upward
25. (c) As the body at rest explodes into two equal
direction
parts, they acquire equal velocities in opposite
directions according to conservation of Pinitial  50 51  2550kg  m/s
momentum. After breaking 20 kg piece travels upwards
When the angle between the radius vectors with 150 m/s let the speed of 30 kg mass is V
connecting the point of explosion to the Pfinal  20 150 30 V
fragments is 90°, each radius vector makes an
By the law of conservation of momentum
angle 45° with the vertical.
To satisfy this condition, the distance of free Pinitial  Pfinal
fall AD should be equal to the horizontal range  2550 20 150 30 V  V  15 m/s
in same interval of time. A
i.e. it moves in downward direction.
AD  DB 90 45
35. (c) Ratio in radius of steel balls = 1/2
° °
1
AD  0   10t2  5t2 1
2 D B So, ratio in their masses 
8
DB  ut  10t [As M  V  r 3 ]
 5t2  10t  t  2 sec
Let m1  8m and m2  m
 m1  m2   2m2 
26. (a) v1    u1  


 m  m  u2 and
 m1  m2   1 2 8m m
u2 =
 2m1   m  m2  u1 = 81 cm/s
v2    u1   1


 m  m  u2 0
 m1  m2   1 2
v2 
2m1u1

2 8m 81
 144cm/s
on putting the values v1  6 m / s and m1  m2 8m  m
v2  12m / s 36. (a) After explosion m mass comes at rest and let
dp dv m 2v Rest (M  m) mass moves with velocity v.
27. (b) F  m  =
dt dt 1/50 By the law of conservation of momentum
2  2  100 MV
 2  104 N MV  (M  m)v  v 
1/50 (M  m)
28. (d) hn  he2n  1  e21 = 1  (0.6)2  0.36m 37. (c) As the ball bounces back with same speed so
change in momentum = 2 mv
29. (d) hn  he2n , if n = 2 then hn  he4
and we know that force = rate of change of
30. (b) Impulse = change in momentum momentum
mv2  mv1 = 0.1  40  0.1  (30) i.e. force will act on the ball so there is an
acceleration.
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 58
38. (d) According to conservation of momentum
Particle falls from height h then formula for
mB vB
mB vB  mG vG  0  vG   height covered by it in nth rebound is given by
mG
hn  he2n
 50 103  103 where e = coefficient of restitution, n = No. of
vG   10m/s
5 rebound
Total distance travelled by particle before
39. (a) As 20% energy lost in collision therfore
rebounding has stopped
h2 H  h  2h1  2h2  2h3  2hn  ........
mgh2  80% of mgh1   0.8
h1
 h  2he2  2he4  2he6  2he8  .........
h2  h  2h(e2  e4  e6  e8  .......)
but e   0.8  0.89
h1  e2  
u2=0 2e2   1  e2 
 
u1
v1 v2
 h  2h 2   h  1    h 1  e2 
40. (b) m1 m2
m1 m2  1  e   1  e2   
Before collision 45. (d) Due to the same mass of A and B as well as
After collision
If target is at rest then final velocity of bodies due to elastic collision velocities of spheres get
are interchanged after the collision.
46. (a) m =M m =m
 m  m2  2m1u1 1 2

v1   1  u1 …(i) and v2 
 … M m
 m1  m2  m1  m2
u1=u u2=0 v1=v v2=u
(ii) Before collision After collision

v1 m1  m2 2 m1  m  m2 
From (i) and (ii)    5 From the formulae v1   1  u1

v2 2m1 5 m2  m1  m2 
41. (b) F = Rate of change in momentum  M  m
m We get v   u
2mvsin  M  m
 v
t 30
47. (a) Momentum conservation
1
2  10  10sin30 5  10 20 0  5  0  20 v 

0.1 v  2.5 m/s

 F  10 N m 48. (d) Due to elastic collision of bodies having equal

v mass, their velocities get interchanged.
42. (d) By the conservation of momentum
49. (c)
40  10  (40)  (7)  80  v 
 m  m2 
v  1.5 m / s 50. (b) m1  2 kg and v1   1  u1  u1

43. (d)  m1  m2  4
Y
(given)
12m/s m By solving we get m2  1.2 kg
12m/s 51. (c)
m X
52. (d) It is clear from figure that the displacement
3m 135°
vector  r between particles p1 and p2 is
V

The momentum of third part will be equal and r  r2  yr1  8ˆ

i  8ˆj
p1
opposite to the resultant of momentum of rest
two equal parts
r1
let V is the velocity of third part. p2
By the conservation of linear momentum
3m V  m 12 2  V  4 2 m/s x

44. (a)
h
h1 h2 h3
 59 Work, Energy, Power and Collision

K   m1  m2     m  2m  
2
| r |  (8)2  (8)2  8 2 2

…..(i) 62. (c)  1     1    

K   m1  m2     m  2m 
Now, as the particles are moving in same    
direction ( v1 andv2 are ve) , the 8

relative velocity is given by 9
vrel  v2  v1  (  4)ˆ
i  4ˆj 8
K = K i.e. loss of kinetic energy of the
9
vrel  (  4)2  16 …..(ii)
8
colliding body is of its initial kinetic energy.
| r | 9
Now, we know | vrel | 
t 63. (d)

Substituting the values of vrel and | r | 80

64. (a) mgh  mg 100  h  80m
from equation (i) and (ii) and t  2s , then on 100
65. (a) Let ball is projected vertically downward with
solving we get   8
velocity v from height h
53. (b) Fractional decrease in kinetic energy of
1
neutron Total energy at point A  mv2  mgh
2
2
 m  m2  During collision loss of energy is 50% and the
=1  1  [As m1=1 and m2 = 2]
m m  ball rises up to same height. It means it
 1 2 
possess only potential energy at same level.
2 2 A v
 1 2  1 1 8 1  v=
 1    1    1  50%  mv2  mgh  mgh 0
 1  2  3 9 9 2 
54. (a) 11  h
 mv2  mgh  mgh
55. (b) When target is very light and at rest then after 2 2 
head on elastic collision it moves with double
v 2gh  2 10 20
speed of projectile i.e. the velocity of body of
mass m will be 2v.  v  20m / s
56. (a) In head on elastic collision velocity get 66. (a) hn  he2n after third collision h3  he6 [as n
interchanged (if masses of particle are equal).
i.e. the last ball will move with the velocity of = 3]
first ball i.e 0.4 m/s 67. (a) Let mass A moves with velocity v and collides
57. (a) By the principle of conservation of linear inelastically with mass B, which is at rest.
momentum,
v/ 3
Mv  mv1  mv2  Mv  0  (M  m)v2  A m
Mv
v2  A v B
M m m m
58. (a) Since bodies exchange their velocities, hence 
At rest
mA m
their masses are equal so that 1 B V
mB
According to problem mass A moves in a
59. (d) mgh initial potential energy perpendicular direction and let the mass B
moves at angle  with the horizontal with
mgh  final potential energy after velocity v.
rebound Initial horizontal momentum of system
As 40% energy lost during impact (before collision) = mv
mgh'=60% of mgh ....(i)
60 60 Final horizontal momentum of system
 h'   h  10  6 m (after collision) = mV cos
100 100
....(ii)
60. (c) From the conservation of horizontal linear
U mg(h  h) momentum mv = mV cos  v = V cos
61. (a) Fractional loss   ...(iii)
U mgh
Initial vertical momentum of system (before
2  1.5 1 collision) is zero.
 
2 4
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 60
Final vertical momentum of system After collision system moves with velocity
mv vsys. then
 mV sin
3
Final momentum = (10  10)  vsys.
From the conservation of vertical linear
mv By applying the conservation of momentum
momentum  mV sin  0 
3 10000 = 20 vsys. vsys.  50 cm/s
v If system rises upto height h then
 V sin ...(iv)
3 2
vsys. 50 50 2.5
By solving (iii) and (iv) h    1.25 cm
2g 2  1000 2
v2
2
v   V 2 (sin2   cos2  ) 6. (b)
3 7. (c)
4v2 2 (c) m1v1  m2v2  (m1  m2 )v
  V2  V  v. 8.
3 3
2
68. (d) Angle will be 90° if collision is perfectly elastic  2  3  1  4  (2  1) v  v  m/s
3
Perfectly Inelastic Collision 9. (c) Initial momentum of the system =
mv mv 0
1. (c) As body sticks together  final momentum =
V
2m 2mV
v By conservation of momentum 2mV  0  V
m =0
10. (a) If initially second body is at rest then
v Initial momentum = mv
m
Final momentum = 2mV
Initial momentum of the system
 By conservation of momentum 2mV  mv 
Pi  mv ˆ
i  mv ˆj
v
 V
| Pi |  2mv 2
Final momentum of the system = 2mV 11. (d)

By the law of conservation of momentum

v m v
2mv  2mV  V  M
2
Initial momentum = mv
2. (b)
Final momentum = (m  M )V
3. (c)
By conservation of momentum
4. (b)
c a+ mv (m  M )V
b
c V  Velocity of (bag + bullet) system
a mv
V
Initially bullet moves with velocity b and after
M m
collision bullet get embedded in block and 1
both move together with common velocity.  Kinetic energy = (m M ) V 2
2
By the conservation of momentum 2
ab 1  mv  1 m2v2
= (m  M )  
 a  b + 0 = (a + c) V  V  2  M  m 2 M m
a c
5. (d) Initially mass 10 gm moves with velocity 100 12. (b) mB v B
M
cm/s
Initial K.E. of system = K.E. of the bullet =
 Initial momentum = 10 × 100 =
1
gm m mB vB2
1000 2
sec
 61 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
By the law of conservation of linear By the law of conservation of momentum
momentum
3m  3m V  V  1 km/h
mBvB  0  msys. vsys.
16. (d) Loss in K.E. = (initial K.E. – Final K.E.) of
mBvB 50 10 system
 vsys.    0.5 m/s
msys. 50  950 1 1 1
m1u12  m2u22  (m1  m2 )V 2
Fractional loss in K.E. = 2 2 2

1 1
mBvB2  msys.vsys.
2
1 1 1
2 2  3  (32)2   4  (5)2   (3  4)  (5)2
2 2 2
1
mBvB2 = 986.5 J
2
17. (a) Momentum of earth-ball system remains
By substituting
conserved.
mB  50 103 kg, vB  10 m/s
18. (b) v  36km/h  10m/s
msys.  1kg, vs  0.5 m/s we
By law of conservation of momentum
get
2 10  (2  3) V  V  4 m/s
95
Fractional loss =  Percentage loss = Loss in K.E.
100
1 1
95%   2 (10)2   5  (4)2  60 J
13. (b) 2 2
V 
19. ˆ
(d) Initial momentum = P  mv ˆ
i  mvj
2m
v=452 
| P | 2mv
m
Final momentum = 2m V
v=452 By the law of conservation of momentum
m v
2m V  2 mv V
Initial momentum 2
 
P  m45 2 ˆ
i  m45 2 ˆ
j  | P | m 90 In the problem v  10m/s (given) 
Final momentum 2m V 10
V  5 2 m/s
By conservation of momentum 2
2m V  m 90 20. (a) Because in perfectly inelastic collision the
 V  45m/s colliding bodies stick together and move with
common velocity
14. (c) At rest
v V 21. (b) m1v1  m2v2  (m1  m2)vsys.
m 2m 3m

Before After collision

20 10 5  0  (20  5) vsys. 
collision vsys.  8 m/s
Initial momentum = mv
Final momentum = 3mV K.E. of composite mass

By the law of conservation of momentum 1

 (20  5)  (8)2  800J
mv 3mV 2
 V  v/3 22. (c) According to law of conservation of
momentum.
15. (c) At rest
3km/ V Momentum of neutron = Momentum of
m h 2m 3m
combination
Before After collision 
collision
Initial momentum = m 3  2m 0  3m 1.67 1027  108  (1.67 1027  3.34 1027) v
Final momentum = 3m V  v  3.33 107 m/s
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 62
23. (b) MgL MgL MgL
W   (n = 3 given)
24. (c) Loss in kinetic energy 2n 2 2
2(3) 18
1 m1m2(u1  u2)2 1  40 60  3. (b) Gravitational force is a conservative force and
   (4  2)2 work done against it is a point function i.e.
2 m1  m2 2  40 60
does not depend on the path.
 48 J
mv2 K 1 2 K
25. (b) By momentum conservation before and after 4. (b) Here  2  K.E.  mv 
collision. r r 2 2r

m1V  m2  0  (m1  m2)v  r r  K K

U    F .dr      2  dr  
 r  r
m1
v V Total energy
m1  m2
K K K
i.e. Velocity of system is less than V. E  K.E.  P.E.   
2r r 2r
26. (a) By conservation of momentum,
mv M  0  (m M )V dx
5. (c) x  (t  3)2  v   2(t  3)
dt
 m 
Velocity of composite block V   v at t  0 ; v1  6 m/ s and at t  6 sec,
 m M 
v2  6 m/s
1
K.E. of composite block  (M  m)V 2 so, change in kinetic energy
2
1 1
2  W  mv22  mv12  0
1  m  2 1  m  2 2
 (M  m)   v  mv2 
2  M  m 2  m M  6. (c) While moving from (0,0) to (a,0)

27. (b) ˆ
Along positive x-axis, y = 0  F  kxj

m1v1  m2v2 i.e. force is in negative y-direction while

28. (d) Velocity of combined mass, v displacement is in positive x-direction.
m1  m2
 W1  0
0.1  1  0.4  0.1
=  0.12m/s Because force is perpendicular to
0.5
displacement
 Distance travelled by combined mass Then particle moves from (a,0) to (a, a)
= v  t  0.12 × 10 = 1.2 m. along a line parallel to y-axis (x   a) during

m1m2 this F  k(yˆ i  aJˆ)
29. (c) Loss in K.E. =  u1  u2  2
2(m1  m2 ) The first component of force,  kyˆi will not
4 6 contribute any work because this component
=  (12  0)2 = 172.8 J is along negative x-direction (ˆ
2  10 i ) while
displacement is in positive y-direction
30. (d) In case of perfectly inelastic collision, the
(a,0) to (a,a). The second component of force
bodies stick together after impact.
ˆ
i.e.  kaj will perform negative work

Critical Thinking Questions  W2  (kaˆ

j) (aˆ
j) =

1. (c) By the conservation of momentum in the (ka) (a)  ka2

absence of external force total momentum of So net work done on the particle
the system (ball + earth) remains constant.
W  W1  W2
2. (d)
= 0  (ka2)  ka2
L/
3 mgh
U 
7. (a) Gain in potential energy h
1
R
 63 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
mgR 1  2P 
1/ 2
 2t3 / 2 
U   mgR  s      s  t3 / 2
If h  R then R 2  m  3 
1
R 14. (a) Shell is fired with velocity v at an angle  with
kineticenergy the horizontal.
8. 
(c) Stoppingdistance 
retarding
force So its velocity at the highest point
= horizontal component of velocity = v cos
1 mu2
s So momentum of shell before explosion =
2 F
mvcos Y
If lorry and car both possess same kinetic
energy and retarding force is also equal then
mv cos 
both come to rest in the same distance.
v
9. (d) Potential energy of the particle
2 
U  k(1  e x ) O
X

Force on particle
dU 2 When it breaks into two equal pieces and one
F   k[e x  (2x)]
dx piece retrace its path to the canon, then other
part move with
Y velocity V.
 x4 
 2kx1  x2   ......
2
F   2kxe x m
2! –m
  2
v cos  2
V

For small displacement F  2kx

 F  x i.e. motion is simple harmonic X
O
motion.
10. (b) Kinetic energy acquired by the body So momentum of two pieces after explosion

= Force applied on it × Distance covered by m m

 (v cos )  V
the body 2 2
K.E. = F × d By the law of conservation of momentum
If F and d both are same then K.E. acquired by m m
the body will be same mvcos  v cos  V 
2 2
11. (c) Let the blade stops at depth d into the wood. V  3v cos
A
v2  u2  2aS h 15. (a) Let two pieces are having equal mass m and
2 u=2g third piece have a mass of 3m.
 0  ( 2gh)  2(g  a)d Y
h
B
 h d
by solving a   1  g c
v=0 30m/s m
 d
30m/s
So the resistance offered by the wood m X
 h 3m 135°
 mg 1   v
 d
12. (d) Because linear momentum is vector quantity According to law of conservation of linear
where as kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. momentum. Since the initial momentum of the
system was zero, therefore final momentum of
 dv P the system must be zero i.e. the resultant of
13. (c) P  Fv  mav m  v dt  v dv
 dt  m momentum of two pieces must be equal to the
1/2
momentum of third piece. We know that if two
P v2  2P  particle possesses same momentum and angle
 t  v   (t)1 / 2
m 2  m in between them is 90° then resultant will be
1/ 2 given by P 2  mv 2  m30 2
 2P 
Now s   v dt     t1 / 2dt Let the velocity of mass 3m is V. So
 m
3mV  30m 2

 V  10 2 and angle 135° from either.

 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 64
(as it is clear from the L 2L
figure) system will take time  to reach up
v/ 2 v
16. (c) The momentum of the two-particle system, at to block third.
t = 0 is
Now these three blocks will move with velocity
  
Pi  m1v1  m2v2 v/3 and combined system will take time
L 3L
Collision between the two does not affect the  to reach upto the block fourth.
total momentum of the system. v/ 3 v

A constant external force (m1  m2 )g acts on L 2L 3L (n  1)L

So, total time     ...
the system. v v v v
The impulse given by this force, in time t = 0 n(n  1)L

to t  2t0 is (m1  m2 )g  2t0 2v
 |Change in momentum in this interval and velocity of combined system having n
v
    blocks as .
| m1v'1 m2v'2 (m1v1  m2v2)|  2(m1  m2)gt0 n

17. (b) If the masses are equal and target is at rest

and after collision both masses moves in
Graphical questions
different direction. Then angle between
direction of velocity will be 90°, if collision is 1. (c) At time t1 the velocity of ball will be
elastic. maximum and it goes on decreasing with
18. (d) K.E. of colliding body before collision respect to time.
1 At the highest point of path its velocity
 mv2 becomes zero, then it increases but direction
2
is reversed
After collision its velocity becomes This explanation match with graph (c).
(m1  m2) m v 2. (a) Work done = area between the graph and
v  v v position axis
(m1  m2) 3m 3
W  10 1  20 1  20 1  10 1  20erg
1 2 1 mv2
 K.E. after collision mv'  F
2 2 9 3. (a) Spring constant k   Slope of curve
x
Ratio of kinetic energy =
41 3
1 k    0.1kg/cm
mv2 30 30
K.E.before 2
  9 :1 4. (b) As the area above the time axis is numerically
K.E.after 1 mv2 equal to area below the time axis therefore net
2 9 momentum gained by body will be zero
because momentum is a vector quantity.
19. (c)
5. (c)
20. (b,d)
Force (N)

L L L
v
15

Since collision is perfectly inelastic so all the 10

blocks will stick together one by one and move
5
in a form of combined mass.
Time required to cover a distance ‘L’ by first Work done = (Shaded area under the graph
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
L between Displacement
block  (m)
v x = 0 to x = 35 m)  287.5 J

Now first and second block will stick together 6. (a) Work done = Area covered in between force
and move with v/2 velocity (by applying displacement curve and displacement axis
conservation of momentum) and combined
 65 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
= Mass  Area covered in between 1
acceleration-displacement curve and = (10  4)  (2.5  0.5)
2
displacement axis.
1
1 = 14 2 = 14 J
= 10 (8  10 2  20 10 2) 2
2
As the area actually is not trapezium so work
= 8  102 J done will be more than 14 J i.e. approximately 16
J
7. (c) Work done = Gain in potential energy
Area under curve = mgh 11. (a) As particle is projected with some velocity
therefore its initial kinetic energy will not be
1 zero.
  11 100 5  10 h
2
As it moves downward under gravity then its
 h  11m velocity increases with time K.E.  v2  t2 (As v
 t)
8. (d) Initial K.E. of the body =
So the graph between kinetic energy and time
1 1
mv2   25 4  50 J will be parabolic in nature.
2 2
12. (a) From the graph it is clear that force is acting
Work done against resistive force on the particle in the region AB and due to this
= Area between F-x graph force kinetic energy (velocity) of the particle
increases. So the work done by the force is
1
=  4  20  40J positive.
2
dU
Final K.E. = Initial K.E. – Work done against 13. (d) F   dU   F dx
resistive force
dx

= 50  40  10 J x kx2 ax4
 U   0 ( Kx  ax3 )dx  
9. (d) Area between curve and displacement axis 2 4

1  We get U = 0 at x = 0 and x = 2k/a

=  (12 4)  10 = 80 J
2 and also U = negative for x  2k/a .
In this time body acquire kinetic energy =
So F = 0 at x = 0
1
mv2 i.e. slope of U – x graph is zero at x = 0.
2
14. (b) Work done = Area enclosed by F – x graph
by the law of conservation of energy
1
1   (3  6) 3  13.5 J
mv2  80J 2
2
15. (c) As slope of problem graph is positive and
1
  0.1 v2  80 constant upto certain distance and then it
2 becomes zero.
 v2 = 1600 dU
So from F  , up to distance a, F =
 v = 40 m/s dx
10. (a) Work done = Area under curve and constant (negative) and becomes zero
displacement axis suddenly.

= Area of trapezium 16. (d) Work done = change in kinetic energy

1 1
= ×(sum of two parallel lines) × distance W mv2  W  v2 graph will be parabolic
2 2
between them in nature
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 66
17. (a) Potential energy increases and kinetic energy 3T 4mu
decreases when the height of the particle  mv F0  F0 
4 3T
increases it is clear from the graph (a).
25. (c) When body moves under action of constant
18. (c) P  2mE it is clear that P  E force then kinetic energy acquired by the body
K.E. = F × S
So the graph between P and E will be
 KE  S (If F = constant)
straight line.
So the graph will be straight line.
1 26. (a) When the distance between atoms is large
but graph between and E will be
P then interatomic force is very weak. When
hyperbola they come closer, force of attraction increases
and at a particular distance force becomes
19. (b) When particle moves away from the origin zero. When they are further brought closer
then at position x  x1 force is zero and at force becomes repulsive in nature.

x  x1, force is positive (repulsive in nature) This can be explained by slope of Ux
curve shown in graph (a).
so particle moves further and does not return
27. (b) Work done = area under F-x graph
back to original position.
= area of rectangle ABCD + area of rectangle
i.e. the equilibrium is not stable.
LCEF
Similarly at position x  x2 force is zero and + area of rectangle GFIH + area of triangle IJK
at x  x2, force is negative (attractive in A B J
10
nature) F(N) E
5
So particle return back to original position i.e. F I K
0
D C 3 4 5 6
the equilibrium is stable. x(m)
–5 1 2
G H
dU –10
20. (c) F  it is clear that slope of U – x curve
dx
is zero at point B and C.  F = 0 for point B
and C  (2  1) (10 0)  (3  2)(5  0)  (4  3)(5  0)

21. (a) Work done = area under curve and 1

displacement axis  (5  4)(10 0)
2
= 1 10  1 10  1 10  10 J  15 J
22. (a) When the length of spring is halved, its spring
constant will becomes double. (because 28. (a) U    Fdx    kx dx  k
x2
1 1 1 2
k  k  )
x L L This is the equation of parabola symmetric to
U axis in negative direction
Slope of force displacement graph gives the
spring constant (k) of spring.
Assertion and Reason
If k becomes double then slope of the graph
increases i.e. graph shifts towards force-axis. 1. (a) The work done, W  F .s  Fs cos , when a
1 person walk on a horizontal road with load on
23. (a) Kinetic energy E  mv2  E  v2
2 his head then   90 .
graph will be parabola symmetric to E-axis. Hence W  Fscos90  0
24. (c) Change in momentum = Impulse
Thus no work is done by the person.
= Area under force-time graph
2. (d) In a round trip work done is zero only when the
 mv Area of trapezium force is conservative in nature.

1 T Force is always required to move a body in a

 mv   T   F0 conservative or non-conservative field
2 2
 67 Work, Energy, Power and Collision
3. (e) When a body slides down on inclined plane, 12. (b) The power of the pump is the work done by it
per sec.
work done by friction is negative because it
opposes the motion ( = 180° between force work mgh 100 10 100
 Power   
and displacement) time t 10
If   90 then W =positive because  104 W  10kW

W  F .s. cos Also 1 Horse power (hp) =746 W.

13. (c) For conservative forces the sum of kinetic and
4. (a) Since the gaseous pressure and the
potential energies at any point remains
displacement (of piston) are in the same constant throughout the motion. This is known
direction. Therefore   0 as law of conservation of mechanical energy.
According to this law,
 Work done = Fs cos  Fs  Positive
Kinetic energy + Potential energy = constant
Thus during expansion work done by gas is or, K  U  0 or, K   U
positive.
14. (e) When the force retards the motion, the work
5. (d) When two bodies have same momentum then done is negative.
lighter body possess more kinetic energy Work done depends on the angle between
force and displacement W  Fscos
because E 
P2
15. (d) In an elastic collision both the momentum and
2m
kinetic energy remains conserved. But this
1 rule is not for individual bodies, but for the
E when P = constant system of bodies before and after the collision.
m
While collision in which there occurs some loss
6. (b) P  F .v and unit of power is Watt. of kinetic energy is called inelastic collision.
Collision in daily life are generally inelastic.
7. (c) Change in kinetic energy = work done by net The collision is said to be perfectly inelastic, if
force. two bodies stick to each other.
This relationship is valid for particle as well as 16. (d) A body can have energy without having
system of particles. momentum if it possess potential energy but if
body possess momentum then it must posses
8. (a) The work done on the spring against the
kinetic energy. Momentum and energy have
restoring force is stored as potential energy in
different dimensions.
both conditions when it is compressed or
17. (e) Work done and power developed is zero in
stretched.
uniform circular motion only.
9. (c) The gravitational force on the comet due to 1
the sun is a conservative force. Since the work 18. (a) K  mv2  K  v2
2
done by a conservative force over a closed
If velocity is doubled then K.E. will be
path is always zero (irrespective of the nature
quadrupled.
of path), the work done by the gravitational
forces over every complete orbit of the comet 19. (a) In a quick collision, time t is small. As F  t 
is zero. constant, therefore, force involved is large, i.e.
collision is more violent in comparison to slow
10. (e) Rate of change of momentum is proportional collision.
to external forces acting on the system. The
20. (a) From, definition, work done in moving a body
total momentum of whole system remain
against a conservative force is independent of
constant when no external force is acted upon
the path followed.
it.
21. (c) When we supply current through the cell,
Internal forces can change the kinetic energy
chemical reactions takes place, so chemical
of the system.
energy of cell is converted into electrical
11. (a) When the water is at the top of the fall it has energy. If a large amount of current is drawn
potential energy mgh (where m is the mass of from wire for a long time only then wire get
the water and h is the height of the fall). On heated.
falling, this potential energy is converted into
kinetic energy, which further converted into 1 2
22. (e) Potential energy U  kx i.e. U  x2
heat energy and so temperature of water 2
increases.
 Work, Energy, Power and Collision 68
This is a equation of parabola, so graph hammer and positive work is done on the
between U and x is a parabola, not straight steel. With the hard steel, less deformation
line. occur, thus, there is less displacement of point
of application of the force and less work done
23. (c) When two bodies of same mass undergo an
on the steel. The soft steel is therefore better
elastic collision, their velocities get
in absorbing energy from the hammer by
interchanged after collision. Water and heavy
means of work and
water are hydrogenic materials containing
its temperature rises more rapidly.
protons having approximately the same mass
as that of a neutron. When fast moving
neutrons collide with protons, the neutrons
come to rest and protons move with the
velocity of that of neutrons.

24. (a) From Einstein equation E  mc2

it can be observed that if mass is conserved

then only energy is conserved and vice versa.
Thus, both cannot be treated separately.
25. (b) If two protons are brought near one another,
work has to be done against electrostatic force
because same charge repel each other. This
work done is stored as potential energy in the
system.

26. (a) E 
P 2 . In firing momentum is conserved
2m
1
E 
m
Egun mbullet
So 
Ebullet mgun

27. (a) K.E. of one bullet = k  K.E. of n bullet = nk

According to law of conservation of energy,
the kinetic energy of bullets be equal to the
work done by machine gun per sec.
28. (d) Work done in the motion of a body over a
closed loop is zero only when the body is
moving under the action of conservative
forces (like gravitational or electrostatic
forces). i.e. work done depends upon the
nature of force.
29. (a) If roads of the mountain were to go straight
up, the slope  would have been large, the
frictional force mgcos would be small.
Due to small friction, wheels of vehicle would
slip. Also for going up a large slope, a greater
power shall be required.
30. (a) The rise in temperature of the soft steel is an
example of transferring energy into a system
by work and having it appear as an increase in
the internal energy of the system. This works
well for the soft steel because it is soft. This
softness results in a deformation of the steel
under blow of the hammer. Thus the point of
application of the force is displaced by the