Name Aqdas Nadeem

Reg. # 2017-EE-410
Marks

LAB ACTIVITY # 1

Tiva_C TM4C123G LaunchPad for Blinking Led

Objectives:
 Using Tiva_C board for blinking Led.
 Also working of microprocessor in Tiva_C board for blinking led.

Introduction:

It is a multipurpose, programmable logic device (an Integrated Circuit) that accepts

binary data as input and processes data according to those binary instructions reads from a storage
device called memory and provides results as output. The basic characteristics of microprocessor
are :- (i) Instruction Set:- The possible operations a microprocessor can execute, is determined
through its instruction set. For example, SIMP(Single Instruction and Multiple Processor)
computer understands 10 instructions and any program written for it uses those 10 instructions in
various ways. (ii) Word Size:- The numbers of bits processed in single instruction depend upon
the word size of a microprocessor. The word size determines the amount of RAM memory that
can be accessed. 32-bit processor means it has a word size of 32 bits. (iii) Clock Speed:- It is the
speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. It is also called clock rate. The faster the
clock, the more instructions the microprocessor can execute per second. Clock speed is stated as
MHz(Mega Hertz) or GHz(Giga Hertz)

A microcontroller is a system on a chip (SOC) it has CPU, I/O ports, timers, RAM, ROM on a
single chip or it is like integrated on a single chip. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded
applications it is used in automatically controlled devices such as automobile engines and control
system by this microcontroller we could see changes in many devices especially electronic devices
because of the integrated circuits quality is improved and smaller devices could be made with less
cost thus microcontroller played a great role in our technology improvement. A microcontroller is
a device that executes a program to control other devices or machines. Microcontrollers are
programmed in higher level languages such as C++, or JAVA. A microcontroller is a single chip
microcomputer which is made through VLSI fabrication it is also called an embedded controller
because microcontroller and its support circuits are embedded or built into the devices they control.

TI’s Tiva™ C Series platform of microcontrollers (MCUs) traces its roots to the first MCUs
on the market based on the ARM® Cortex™-M processor architecture, an architecture that has
quickly become the de facto industry standard. Since that time, TI’s Cortex-M products have
remained true to their original purpose – providing the broadest portfolio of highly connected, low-
cost and easy-to-use 32-bit MCUs. The new Tiva C Series refines TI’s offering of connected
MCUs, greatly improving performance and raising features to a new level of quality. Tiva C Series
MCUs provide a high level of connectivity and sensor aggregation, which make them perfect for
connected applications, such as home, building and industrial automation. These MCUs take
advantage of two significant technologies: the latest ARM Cortex-M4 core processor and the
design techniques and process technologies perfected at Texas Instruments. The result is a 32-bit
MCU platform with processing performance that is more effective per clock cycle, integrated
mixed-signal circuits that are on par with traditional standalone components, Flash

Properties:

. Processors can be identified by two main parameters: how wide they are and how
fast they are. The speed of a processor is a fairly simple concept. Speed is counted in megahertz
(MHz), which means millions of cycles per second—and faster is better! The width of a processor
is a little more complicated to discuss because there are three main specifications in a processor
that are expressed in width. They are

 Internal registers

 Data input and output bus

 Memory address bus

Systems below 16MHz usually had no cache memory at all. Starting with 16MHz systems, high-
speed cache memory appeared on the motherboard because the main memory at the time could not
run at 16MHz. Prior to the 486 processor, the cache on the motherboard was the only cache used
in the system

Classification of Micro-controller:

The microcontrollers are characterized regarding bus-width, instruction set, and memory structure.
For the same family, there may be different forms with different sources. This article is going to
describe some of the basic types of the Microcontroller that newer users may not know about.

The types of microcontroller is shown in figure, they are characterized by their bits, memory
architecture, memory/devices and instruction set. Let’s discuss briefly about it.
 Types of Microcontrollers

Applications:

Microcontroller has many applications electronic equipment’s

 Mobile Phones
 Auto Mobiles
 Washing Machines
 Cameras
 Security Alarms

TM4C123G microcontroller features:

 Features the TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller from TI
 A low-cost evaluation platform for ARM Cortex-M4F-based microcontrollers from Texas
Instruments
 Includes a USB 2.0 device interface and hibernation module
 Programmable user buttons and an RGB LED for custom applications
 Stackable headers for interfacing with other peripherals