Engineering Design

GUIDELINES
M E C H A N I C A L SYSTEM
REVISION 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL 2
1.1 Designer’s Responsibilities 2
1.2 Codes and Standard Compliance 2
1.3 Design and Submission Compliance 2
1.4 General Principles of Design and Installation 2
2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT AND SPECIFICATION 4
2.1 Centralized Chilled Water Systems 4
2.2 Variable Refrigerant Volume Systems (VRV) 6
3. DESIGN CRITERIA 7
4. ENERGY CONSERVATION 9
5. SPECIFICATION AREA SYSTEM SELECTION 10
5.1 Guestroom 10
5.2 Public Areas 10
5.3 Kitchens 10
5.4 Back of House 11
5.5 IT Server Room and Lift Machine Rooms 11
5.6 Laundry 11
6. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 13
6.1 Cooling Towers 13
6.2 Pumps 13
6.3 Heaters / Convectors 13
6.4 Fans and Blowers 14
6.5 Fan Coil Units 14
6.6 Ductwork 15
6.7 Filters 15
6.8 Piping 15
6.9 Pipe and Duct Insulation 16
6.10 Dampers 17
6.11 Electric Motors, Starters and Controller Motors 17
6.12 Freeze Protection 18
7. CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION 19
8. COMMISSIONING, CLEANING, TESTING, 21
BALANCING AIR AND WATER SYSTEMS
9. TRAINING AND INSTRUCTIONS 22

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1. GENERAL
1.1 DESIGNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
 Engineers who design systems on behalf of the owner must fully understand their
obligations to familiarize themselves with all relevant standards and codes
 Design Engineer has to minimize impacts on aesthetics, architectural features and
interior designs of the facility.
 Engineer has to consider what types of engineering systems, devices, materials and
products will be required to properly support and integrate the overall design
 Items associated with engineering systems which may be specified by an interior
designer, architect or operator. Engineer has responsibilities to review all of those items
and bring to the attention of the concerns if any items that do not fit the quality or
function of the design for the hotel

1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

 The design must comply with all applicable local standards and, where the local
standards are considered insufficient, with applicable CIBSE, ASHARE, NFPA as a
minimum

1.3 DESIGN AND TECHNICAL SUBMISSIONS

 The designers are required to submit the technical document to Best Western office for
review.
 The technical documents required for submission are;
 Design concept – Engineers may submit the concept and diagram of the main system to
ensure that the systems are compliant with Best Western Standards before develop the
full design package
 Full package M&E drawings and technical document – when complete
 Best Western will check for compliant with Best Western Standards and in relation to
operation condition.
 It still remains the designers responsibility in case of any variations may be occurred and
required rectification at the designers cost

1.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

 All materials and equipment used shall generally have an expected life of 25 years
 All services must be located in positions that are easily accessible for maintenance
without causing disruption to the normal operation of the hotel.
 No material shall be used or specified which are harmful to human health or the
environment, either during their installation or during long term disposal or
degradation.
 The systems shall provide a safe, comfortable and appropriate environment for guest
comfort as would be expected in a good hotel.

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 The design must be energy efficient and compatible with the architectural/interior
designs. In general, this should include:
o Introduction of the appropriate amounts of conditioned outside air to promote
good air quality
o Odor control and removal
o Provide individual temperature controller in each occupied rooms. The control
device shall be able to be programmed by the hotel staff for temperature limits.
o Temperature controller in guestroom shall be easy to use by the guest.
o Zone control divided by space and function.
o Each space shall have the ability to heat or cool at any time with no mechanical
changeover.
o Appropriate room acoustics
o Good thermal control

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2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION

 HVAC systems shall be provided in all guest areas of the building(s) and in back of house
spaces where appropriate.
 Selection of systems must take into account the local supply, ability for maintenance,
operation cost.
 These systems may include one or a combination of the following:
o Four Pipe Chilled Water/ Heating distribution system (Desired Overall System)
o Variable Refrigerant Volume Systems (VRV)
o Two Pipe Central chilling system and distribution (only for areas with no heating
or very limited heating requirements)
o Two Pipe Central heating system and distribution (only for areas with no cooling
requirements)
o Supply and extract ventilation systems including smoke control systems
o Control systems

2.1 Centralized Chilled Water Systems

 The system shall be configured such that heating and cooling can be accomplished
simultaneously in separate spaces with no mechanical changeover.
 The system shall be operated and monitored through a Building Management System
that is wholly compatible with the devices to be controlled. Consideration should be
given to using an OPEN PROTOCOL that will allow other devices (or systems) to be added
in the future.
 The equipment shall be sized to accommodate:
o Envelope/solar heat loss and gain – noting diversification with this load for
central plant
o Ventilation heat loss and gain
o Infiltration heat loss and gain
o Internal equipment/personnel gains – noting diversification with this load for
central plant diversity of use and occupancy, allowing also for energy saving
measures included within the design.
 Refrigerant gases used shall be in accordance with the Montreal Protocol or current
International legislation if more stringent. No CFC refrigerants shall be used.
 Chillers shall be arranged for a turn down of 12 ½ % or better. Chillers shall be provided
with variable speed drives for increased efficiency of operation and reduction in wear.
 Chillers shall be selected to achieve maximum efficiency levels following an in depth
study of the optimum chilled water temperatures, condensing conditions and load
profile to achieve an energy efficient design. Chilled water shall be distributed at the
highest optimum temperature in order to balance:
o Level of dehumidification
o Degree of purely sensible cooling

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 o Number and size of cooling units
 Chillers shall be electrically driven screw, centrifugal type, or scroll.
 Chillers to be either air or water cooled depending on the conditions. The determination
shall take into account the availability of water, location of equipment, ability to control
sound and a life cycle cost analysis.
 All necessary winter head pressure safeguards must be adopted.
 If cooling towers are proposed for rejecting heat, they must be so designed to prevent
short circuiting of discharge and must be treated with twin biocides to prevent
Legionnaires disease.
 Cooling towers shall be sized to match chiller configuration. One (1) tower per chiller
sized to match the demand of the chillers. Towers should be piped and valved to permit
either tower to work with either chiller.
 The chilled water circuit shall incorporate a chilled water buffer vessel to avoid repeated
compressor starts.
 Chiller control shall include temperature reset based on ambient conditions for energy
savings with humidity override if necessary.
 The system shall be designed in a primary/secondary configuration with the secondary
pumps on Variable Frequency Drives (VFD). A decoupler or primary piping bypass shall
be included in the Central Plant. The primary distribution shall incorporate variable
speed pumping where applicable. The cooling tower pumps shall be constant volume.
 Redundancy provisions for all central plant shall be comprised of three chillers at 50% of
peak capacity. Pump, valve and piping configurations and sizes shall be designed such
that no one plant component can reduce the plant capacity below 100%.
 Chilled water circulation shall be at 5.5/13.3ºC (42/56°F). A chilled water bypass control
valve shall be provided to ensure the chillers minimum chilled water flow rate is
achieved at all times.
 The chilled water shall serve all main central air handling units and Guestroom fan coil
units.
 Condensate drains by gravity shall be installed below any cooling coil irrespective of the
degree of latent removal or chilled water temperatures. An air break must be installed
on the condensate line drain. Wherever possible, the use of condensate pumps shall be
avoided.
 The configuration of the circuits should be such that clear zones can be individually
served, thus making it possible to close down areas of the hotel. Vertical risers serving
guestroom FCUs shall be provided with isolation valves at the bottom of the riser as well
as a drain port to enable the riser to be isolated and drained.
 Modulating two-way control valves shall be installed on all FCU’s and AHU’s including
100% Outside Air Units (OAU).
 The distribution system shall be designed to ensure that energy efficient operation, pipe
work sizing and fitting selection shall ensure that noise is not created within the system.

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 Adequate means of isolation of all components, venting and draining of the entire
system shall be provided.
 All external pipe work shall be trace heated using a self-regulating trace heating tape, or
adequately protected from freezing as necessary.
 A manual single dose chemical feeder shall be provided for treatment of the water
circulated in closed loop systems to allow for control of corrosion within the system and
minimize the number of strainers/filters required.
 All open loop systems shall have a continuous chemical feed system to prevent the
growth and accumulation of biologics, scale and corrosion.

2.2 Variable Refrigerant Volume Systems (VRV)

 System design must be capable of providing simultaneous heating and cooling for the
Guestrooms to enable one guest to be in cooling mode while another is in heating
mode.
 VRV fan coil units complete with filter, fan, cooling coil and condensate drain (gravity
preferred) are an acceptable means of providing heating and cooling.
 Guestroom units shall have individual fan and temperature controller
 VRV systems do not offer the degree of load diversity that can be applied to central
chilled water systems. This shall be considered in the evaluation
 Refrigerant leakage protection shall be incorporated with each VRV design either by the
installation of a gas leak detection system or by demonstration of acceptable peak levels
in accordance with BS EN 378-1
 Equipment proposed must meet all architectural, mechanical, electrical and structural
specifications, as well as the scheduled performance and job design criteria.

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3 DESIGN CRITERIA

 The design, installation and maintenance provisions shall be in full compliance with all
relevant International, National and Local standards and regulations, and in particular
any health, fire, safety and environmental legislation.
 These systems shall be designed and operated to achieve:
o Interior design conditions for each area, as indicated in Table at the end of this
section.
o Maximum air velocity in the occupied space of 0.15m/s
o Design conditions should be achieved at ambient conditions which do not exceed
historical weather data for the location for more than 2% of the year.
o The life expectancy of the plant and equipment used shall be in accordance with
CIBSE, ASHRAE, BS 7543 or other recognized International Standards, with an
expected life in the order of 25 – 30 years.
o Operating costs shall be minimized by utilizing passive building design, good
insulation levels, efficient engineering plant and systems, appropriate zoning,
effective control systems, selection of the most cost effective fuels and heat
recovery systems.
o Space utilization shall be minimized for plant and equipment and distribution by
planning of most appropriate location for plant, coordination with structure (for
optimizing ceiling heights) and providing efficient distribution systems.
o Minimizing capital cost by utilizing natural energies and building form, simplifying
the services design and designs appropriate to the building location.
o In extremely dry climates where relative humidity is below 40% RH for extended
periods of time, humidification systems shall be considered. Any humidification
system must be approved
 The systems proposed should comply with the following recognized International
Industry Standards:
o CIBSE
o ASHRAE
o NFPA (Smoke Control Systems)

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 The final system selection shall be subject to verification by a technical Submission
including a full life cycle cost benefit analysis by the designer, and approval

People P/100 Thermal Comfort Ventilation Requirements

sqm or 1000 Summer Winter Relative Outdoor Air Exhaust Air Press
sq ft Setpoint Setpoint Humidity Class
C F C F RH L/s- cfm/ L/s – sq m CFM
person person
Guestroom 2 per bdr 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 35 neutral
Guest Bathroom 15/40 30/80 -
Guest Corridors 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 0.25 0.05 +
L/s- cfm/sq
sq.m ft
Lift Lobby 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 0.25 0.05 neutral
L/s- cfm/sq
sq.m ft
Lobby 30 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 8 15 +
Reception Desk 30 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 8 15 neutral
Ballroom 120 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 8 15 neutral
Conference Room 50 21.1 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 10 20 neutral
Boardroom 50 21.1 70 23.4 74 50 – 55% 10 20 neutral
Pre-function 120 22.2 70 23.4 74 50 – 55% 8 15 +
Admin offices 7 23.4 72 24.5 76 50 – 55% 10 20 neutral
Dining 70 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 55% 10 20 +
Bar 100 21.1 70 23.4 74 50 – 55% 15 30 -
Kitchen 20 25.6 78 22.2 72 40 – 60% 10 20 -
Public restrooms 24.5 76 23.4 74 50 – 60% 38/water 75/water -
closet or closet or
urinal urinal
Gym 30 22.2 72 23.4 74 50 – 60% 10 20 -
Spa 29.5 85 23.9 75 50 – 70% 2.50 0.5 -
L/s- cfm/sq
sqm ft
Indoor Swimming Pool 27.8 82 23.9 75 50 – 70% 2.50 0.5 -
L/s- cfm/sq
sqm ft
Laundry 10 29.5 85 21.1 70 50 – 70% 13 25 -
Staff Canteen 50 22.2 72 21.1 70 50 – 55% 10 20 neutral
Housekeeping 7 22.2 72 21.1 70 45 – 60% 10 20 -
IT Server room 20.0 68 17.8 64 45 – 55% +
Fire Pump room 29.5 85 7.2 45 50 – 70% -
Electrical room 29.5 85 7.2 45 50 – 70% -
Mechanical room 26.7 80 18.3 65 45 – 60% -
Central Plant 26.7 80 18.3 65 45 – 60% -
Trash Chute Vest 22.2 72 20.0 68 50 – 55% -
Trash Chute Collection 25.6 78 18.3 65 45 – 60% -

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4 ENERGY CONSERVATION

 The method of energy conservation must be an integrated approach to system design

using proven engineering practices coupled with financial and tangible analysis of the
entire facility.
 The following is a summary of the minimum expected measures to be incorporated into
the Mechanical Design:
o A Building Management System (BMS) shall be installed to control the facility. It
shall be able to monitor, control and provide efficiency feedback for all of the
equipment connected to the central energy plant for the facility. The system shall
be able to integrate the control and monitoring of the lighting systems in the
common areas and building exterior.
o Each common area, office and other occupied space shall have a local thermostat
to monitor and control the temperature of the area served. These thermostats
shall be connected to the BMS system to allow upper and lower limits to be set
or local control removed.
o Guestrooms shall have a system that controls the HVAC, lighting, selected
receptacles and any other energy consuming/saving devices in the room. The
devices shall be controlled by a Room Control Unit (RCU) located in the room.
The devices shall be quiet operating and the location of the panel shall be
coordinated with the interior designer.
o If the hotel has guest room balcony doors opening to the exterior, the doors shall
be with sensor to disable HVAC in the room when open.
o All preset or “setback” conditions shall control off of humidity as well as
temperature.
o Capture heat rejected from the chillers via heat exchangers to use in other
systems (such as potable water heating).
o Ensure that kitchen hoods provide at least 90% of the required makeup air locally
to prevent pulling all of the air from the conditioned space. Temper the air only if
needed to maintain cooking temperature and capture ability of hood.
o Provide spot cooling in kitchens, workshops and other similar spaces while
minimizing the cooling of the entire area.
o Ensure the design of all high usage entry doors includes a vestibule that has a
separate HVAC supply. Avoid air curtains at all guest entries.
o Air systems shall have suitable controls to enable free cooling to be utilized when
external conditions allow.
o Use Variable Air Volume (VAV) central air handling units where possible. Re-
circulation shall be incorporated where possible and variable fresh air provided,
controlled via air quality (CO2) sensors located in each area.

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5 SPECIFICATION AREA SYSTEM SELECTION
 The previous section described the various factors to consider when determining the
most appropriate air conditioning system for different areas within the Hotel. This
section further defines and specifies equipment for specific areas.

5.1 Guestroom
 Each guestroom will be provided with its own self-controlled system to enable guests to
control their own room temperature within pre-set limits, typically 4 degrees C either
side of the set point. The control shall be set up as listed in the Energy Conservation
Section
 Exhaust ventilation shall be provided over the shower, tub and water closet in the
bathroom. The exhaust air system shall have an energy recovery unit to transfer energy
from the exhaust air to the guest room fresh air supply to assist with pre-conditioning
the outside air. Fresh air supply should be ducted into each guestroom, with fire/smoke
dampers being provided to suit local regulations.
 Preference is to use a vertical fan coil unit located in the corner of the room to allow for
ease of access for maintenance.
 All system designs shall incorporate acoustic mitigation to prevent sound intrusion from
air flow, water flow and equipment vibration/mechanical noise.

5.2 Public Areas

 This includes meeting spaces, lobby space, reception and restaurants, etc.
o Each individual area served shall be provided with independent temperature
control, and to provide good internal air quality, the fresh air shall be monitored
/ controlled by CO2 sensors, which shall vary the volume of fresh air supplied to
suit the needs.
o Areas shall be subdivided by use.
o Control shall be via the BMS control system with no adjustments by the public
(offices shall have local control).
o Every effort shall be made to locate equipment requiring access in Back of House
areas to minimize maintenance access in guest areas.

5.3 Kitchens
 A dedicated AHU shall be provided to serve the kitchen area. The unit shall provide
100% fresh air (no re-circulation permitted). This shall be tempered to room conditions
(cooled/heated) prior to supply to the kitchen.
 The kitchen grease hoods shall be mechanically exhausted to the exterior of the
building. The preferred point of discharge shall be up to the roof wherever possible.
Makeup air shall be provided to each hood per the Food Service Equipment Designers

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 specifications. Care shall be taken to keep the kitchen negatively pressurized relative to
the adjacent dining room and other spaces.
 Only a minimal amount of make up air shall be drawn from the dining areas or
surrounding spaces, but must not be drawn over food services. If the kitchen has a
significant heat loss or gain, then further heating or cooling may be required.
 The exhaust duct shall be a dedicated system constructed from 16 gauge steel with drip
proof weld joints. Provide clean out access doors at all changes in direction, for sprinkler
heads and every 6 m maximum. Fire dampers are not permitted. The duct shall be
wrapped with 2-hr fire wrap from the connection at the hood to the point of
termination to the exterior or to the point that it enters a 2 hr rated chase. The duct
should be fire rated in accordance with the fire strategy for the property and to meet
local regulations.
 Dishwasher exhaust ducts and ducts carrying moisture laden air with a dew point
temperature higher than 15.5 degrees C shall be sealed watertight and shall be
constructed of welded #316 stainless steel with low points piped to drain. Dishwasher
exhaust fan shall be interlocked with dishwasher operation.
 Kitchen hood systems shall be variable speed, or 2 speed minimum to operate at low
speed for energy savings at times of low use.

5.4 Back of House

 These areas should preferably be served by variable volume systems to allow greater
flexibility.
 Each area will be provided with local automatic temperature control, with additional
ability to be monitored and controlled by the BMS system.
 Maintenance workshops, garbage rooms, laundry areas and other similar occupancies
shall not share air distribution with adjacent spaces.
 Make up air for generator intake, boiler inlet air shall not be drawn from within the
building envelope.

5.5 IT Server Room and Lift Machine Rooms

 Each of these rooms shall have a backup cooling/heating system separate from the main
building system. This is in addition to the normal conditioned air supplied to the space.
 Both the normal and backup supply for the spaces shall be sized to accommodate the
full heat load produced by the equipment in the room.
 The backup system shall be placed on the non-emergency transfer switch of the building
generator. The electrical configuration shall meet the requirements as listed in the
electrical section of these standards.

5.6 Laundry

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 Laundry to be kept under a negative pressure. Capture heat at its source and exhaust
directly to the outdoors.
 Internal temperature should be kept below 30 C where employees are present. Spot
cooling to be used at employee stations adjacent to hot equipment.
 Fully duct Ironers and Dryers directly to the outdoors. Insulate ductwork from point of
connection to point duct exits building envelope.

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6 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
 Additional relevant information for equipment and materials that have not been defined
fully in other locations throughout this manual.

6.1 Cooling Towers

 Incorporate kitchen refrigeration heat rejection into cooling tower hydronic loop if
tower or closed circuit cooler operates year-round. Minimum one cell to be winterized.
 Where in cold climates refrigeration units are provided by cooling tower water,
winterize one cell of the cooling tower, and electrically heat trace all piping (including
domestic water make up) exposed to freezing.
 Winterized cell to be connected to emergency power generating system.

6.2 Pumps
 Types. Pumps shall be serviceable without disturbing piping. Pumps shall have
mechanical seals. Pumps 50 HP or smaller may be the end suction centrifugal type.
Pumps 60 HP and larger shall be a double suction horizontal or vertical split case
centrifugal type.
 Pumps 10 HP or smaller may be either base mounted, or “in-line” centrifugal type.
Motor speed shall not exceed 1,750 rpm.
 Motors may be integrally mounted on end suction and booster pumps. Horizontal split-
case pumps and end suction pumps without integrally mounted motors shall have
flexible coupled motors with pump and motor mounted on a single cast iron or
fabricated steel base. Small pumps shall be provided with adequate mechanical support
brackets or frames.
 Design pump with variable frequency drives, and minimum by pass at low flow
conditions.

6.3 Heaters/Convectors
 Heating Elements to be finned tube type, either with copper or aluminum fins in guest
areas, or electric baseboard may be used, in certain climates, as evaluated by the
Engineer.
 Control hot water flow thru heating elements with thermostatically controlled
automatic control valves.
 Enclosures to be designed to permit easy access for maintenance of valves, vents,
controls, etc., and to meet Architectural requirements.
 Finishes to be coordinated with Interior Designer
 Open areas as receiving docks require electric infrared heaters where outdoor design
temperature if 2°c or lower.

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 Propeller Type Heater (Steam, Water, Electric, Gas) may be used in enclose loading
docks, receiving office and equipment rooms, if infrared sources are impractical. Where
hot water heaters are specified in loading dock and other areas and where they may be
exposed to freezing, specify thermostatically controlled fan cycling, do not control water
thru heater.
 Cabinet Heaters with centrifugal fans may be used for entrances in lieu of directly
ducted supply with terminal reheat. Selection of such units shall take freezing
possibilities into account.
 Utilize Underground Propylene Glycol Snow/Ice Melting System if required by local code
or practice, typically on driveways, particularly ramps at entryways to the hotel.

6.4 Fans and Blowers

 For central station air handling, fans shall be vane axial, centrifugal backward curved, or
air foil type of class and arrangement suitable for the application. When used with
variable airflow systems, adjustable pitch vane axial fans or Variable Frequency Drive
(VFD) and centrifugal fans shall be provided for air volume.
 Return air fans associated with variable air flow supply fans shall be variable flow, and
shall be designed and controlled to maintain building pressure and the proper
relationship of outside and exhaust/relief air.
 Central station handling fans less than 4700 l/s with fan static pressures less than 6.5cm
may be of the forward curved centrifugal type of class and arrangement suitable for the
application. For VAV systems, forward curved fans may use VFD.
 Select all fans and blowers to be able to deliver 110% of the total air required by
individual air terminal.
 Specify all fans 7-1/2 hp and smaller with variable pitch drives. Fans over 7-1/2 hp to be
specifed with Variable Frequency Drives.
 Select motors at a minimum of 10% over break horsepower.

6.5 Fan Coil Units

 Only draw-through fan coils are acceptable.
 Vertical stacking fan coil units are the preferred configuration and should be utilized
when space floor plan will accommodate. Slave stacking units are also desirable when
space plan permits.
 Units to have a minimum four-row coil. Coils must be designed to handle calculated
latent load as well as sensible load.
 Special features and voltage of thermostats to be coordinated with Building
Management System (BMS).
 For two pipe systems in tropical climates, each unit to be specified with a minimum 1
KW (maximum 15 KW) electric heater allowed to be operated only when the system is in
the cooling mode to provide de-humidification.

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 Aluminum grilles shall be provided for air supply – all grilles will be painted to match the
surrounding wall surface.
 Select units to satisfy the required heating and cooling loads at medium speeds.
 Specify ceiling hung units with high condensate level detectors. Detector to de-energize
fan and close chilled water control valve when activated.
 All system designs shall incorporate acoustic mitigation to prevent sound intrusion from
air flow, water flow and equipment vibration/mechanical noise.

6.6 Ductwork
 Heating, ventilating and air conditioning ducts shall be galvanized steel, constructed in
accordance with ASHRAE and SMACNA standards for gauge, reinforcing, support,
insulation and leak tightness. This specifically requires the sealing of longitudinal joints
during the fabrication process.
 Spaces above suspended ceilings may be used as return air plenums. Appropriate means
to transfer the return air to those plenums shall be provided. All materials in plenums
shall be listed for plenum and shall comply with NFPA 90A and ASHRAE Standard 15.
 Sheet metal exhaust ducts to be used. Air Duct Leakage Test manual for Class 24
ductwork. All outlets must be balanced to 10% of design capacity without
objectionable noise.

6.7 Filters
 Filters for all air conditioning and ventilation systems, shall be based on ASHRAE
Standard 52.2.

6.8 Piping
 Steel pipe 6.5cm and larger shall be made up with welded steel or mechanical joints;
smaller piping may be made up with screwed joints or in copper type L. In mechanical
equipment rooms, chilled water piping can be made up utilizing mechanical joints and
fittings with gaskets selected for application. Do not specify mechanical joints in steam,
condensate or open condense water systems. Joints around pumps shall be secured to
prevent pipe movement when pumps start and stop. Do not specify press fit piping.
 Piping distribution systems shall be valved to permit repairs to piping without shutting
down more than 50% of the system being repaired. Every supply and return riser shall
be equipped with servicing, flow balancing, and drain valves. Consider a dedicated drain
system for vertical risers, and dedicated horizontal drain system for air condensate
drain. Valves connections with hose bib at bottom of risers may be acceptable for
draining of risers.
 Manual air vents shall be specified at all water coils, and automatic type air vents shall
be specified at all high points in the piping systems. Where vents are not accessible,

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 automatic vents shall be used in conjunction with isolation valves and manual cocks and
the vents shall be piped to the nearest drain.
 Drain valves with a manual hose and drains shall be specified at all low points of the
piping systems.
 Strainers shall be provided to protect pumps, control valves, etc. as required and should
be made of a non-corrosive material. Provide blow down valves with hose end adapters
and brass caps.
 Valves utilized only for servicing may be ball, or lug-type butterfly. Valves utilized for
both servicing and balancing shall be lug-type butterfly, plug cock with taps and
calibrated preset balance valves. Gate valves shall be installed with stems horizontal.
 Piping systems shall be valved in such a way as to allow each riser to be isolated and all
horizontal piping runs serving more than one guestroom unit to be isolated. Each
guestroom heat pump or fan coil unit shall be equipped with unions, isolation valves,
strainer, flow limiting valve and control valve.
 All valves in insulated piping shall include extended stems so that the valve lever or
handle will clear insulation by 6mm minimum.
 Provide dielectric unions at connections of all dissimilar metals.

6.9 Pipe and Duct Insulation

 Hot piping fittings shall be insulated with pre-molded glass fiber fitting insulation or with
field wrapped and tied glass fiber and insulating cement.
 Chilled water piping shall be insulated with pre-molded cellular foam-glass insulation.
 Rigid board insulation shall have a minimum density of .005 kg per cubic mm, and be
manufactured from glass fiber with resin binder, factory applied reinforced aluminum
foil and fire retardant vapor barrier facing in accordance with NFPA requirements.
Insulation on ductwork shall be fastened with metal clips .5m on center in both
directions and with duct insulation adhesive with 15cm bands and 30cm center and
sealed with vapor barrier sealer and tape of the same type as the facing.
 Block Insulation covering over access doors shall be removable. Metal cladding shall
protect ductwork less than 1.8m above finished floor.
 Acoustic rigid board insulation shall have a minimum density of .01 kg per cubic mm, and
be manufactured from glass fiber with resin binder, coated on one side with black
neoprene compound in accordance with NFPA requirements. Lining to be applied with
100% coverage of duct insulation adhesive and with metal clips spaced at 6mm”.
 Insulated ductwork exposed to the weather shall be weatherproofed with a covering of
glass cloth embedded in a weatherproofing mastic and finished with a second coat of
the same material. Paint with silver color weather resistant paint.
 Closed cell elastomeric foam materials in accordance with NFPA requirements shall be
substituted for glass fiber where installation areas are suitable.

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 Installation Requirements such as chiller, boilers shall be factory insulated when
possible.
 Design insulation system to avoid premature failures.
 Outdoor piping insulation shall be covered with an aluminum covering.

6.10 Dampers
 Balancing Dampers - To be butterfly or multiple exposed blade type 20cm maximum
blade width) equipped with locking quadrant to be provided in every branch duct of
conventional duct systems.
 Automatic Dampers –
o Dampers used on combustion air intakes to be specified with end switches and
interlocking with equipment served.
o Code required protection for all fresh air intakes to be specified, as applicable.
o Dampers to be specified for installation in outside air inlet ducts and at discharge
ducts from exhaust fans.
 Do not design exhaust fans designed for cooking hoods, laundry dryers, laundry ironer
and smoke exhaust with discharge dampers. Rain and wind protection shall be provided
by alternate means.
 Fire and/or smoke dampers shall be installed in accordance with current editions of
NFPA 90A “Standards for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems”,
local codes and U.L. 505.
 101 “Code for Safety from Fire in Buildings and Structures”, use local codes if more
stringent.
 Dampers may be curtain, 24 V or 120 V, single blade or multi-blade type, with external
position indicating device, and shall bear the label of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
or equivalent agency and be installed in a sheet metal sleeve in accordance with NFPA
Standard 90A. Where required specify dampers in parallel.

6.11 Electric Motors, Starters and Controller Motors

 Motors to be of the quiet operating type, fulfill the specified requirements without
undue sound transmission outside of the mechanical space. Motors preferably to be a
single manufacturer.
 Bearings shall, wherever possible, be permanently lubricated, sealed, rated for 100,000
hours and guaranteed for 5 years.
 Motors to be sized to provide maximum efficiency for the particular size and application.
Motors driving equipment with non-overloading characteristics shall be sized for the
limit of that load.
 Motor current and voltage characteristics shall be determined by local conditions. Small
motors (under 0.4 kW) shall be single phase capacitor start, larger motors shall be three
phase. Specify high efficiency type motors over 5 hp.

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 All motors and accessories to comply with NEMA or other recognized standards, to be
suitable for operation in the ambient condition of their application, and to include a
service factor of 1.25
 Where climatic conditions warrant, motors shall be of a manufacturing standard
specifically rated for tropical applications.
 Two speed motors with special controllers for low speed operation shall be used where
required during the emergency power mode.

6.12 Freeze Protection

 Freeze protection shall be specified for all water coils subject to outdoor air
temperatures of 2°C or lower as determined by 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook,
Chapter 27, Climatic Design Information, Table 1A, Heating Dry Bulb, 99.6%. Protection
may be by means of glycol or low leakage outside air shutoff dampers used in
conjunction with continuous waterflow coils.
 Cooling coils shall be equipped with low temperature safety controls set at 4.5°C to stop
the fan and activate an alarm. High efficiency mixing boxes shall be specified as required
to improve outside air/return air mixing.
 Preheat coils and all 100% outside air coils shall be provided with continuous flow
through the coil at .6 mps minimum by means of a circulating pump and three-way
control valve. The control system shall be provided with low-limit discharge air
temperature control which shall function to override all normal operating controls by
opening the preheat valve to maintain discharge air temperatures leaving the preheat
coil at no lower than 7.2°C. It is important to note that many internal areas of the
property may experience internal cooling loads even during winter operation. During
such periods, the zone thermostat shall not take priority over the aforementioned
discharge air controller.
 Water Treatment: Chemical Company shall supply all water treatment chemicals and
equipment, and train Hotel technical personnel prior to acceptance of system.

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7 CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION

 Temperature and humidity controls shall be in accordance with the most current and
applicable ASHRAE Standards 90.1 and 62, in addition to the requirements stated herein.
All control shall be electronic with standalone microprocessor based controllers.
Controls to be adoptable to central Building Management System.
 Room temperature control shall be via local thermostat for guest room fan coils,
mechanical areas and storage areas. Controls for FCU’s in accessible rooms must meet
the criteria of ADAAG. For other areas in the hotel, provide temperature transmitter to
central energy management system. Public meeting spaces shall have local temperature
override/adjustment.
 HVAC heating and cooling plants and other major equipment:
o Properties of 299 rooms or less: Unitary controllers such as Johnson Controls DX
9100 or Honeywell, Siemens, or ABB equals. Application specific controllers may
be used for terminal units.
o Properties of 300 rooms or greater: Johnson Controls NAE, Honeywell Excel 500,
Siemens Technologies MBC, or ABB. Application specific controllers may be used
for terminal units.
o Central PC in shop area with Windows operating system, printer and backup disk
drive.
o Read only of fire point status at central PC.
o Alarm of high sump level and kitchen refrigeration failures.
o Pager activation of Wyndham selected alarms.
 Listed below are minimum computerized control points to be controlled by unitary or
digital controllers specified:
o AHU or Fan Coil --Start/stop, flow, room temperature control, mixed air control,
discharge air temperature control and fan volume control, where applicable (all
units in excess of 480 l/s).
o Chillers --Start/stop, demand control through demand limiter, chilled water reset
and chilled water supply and return temperatures. Chiller manufacturer controls
shall operate machine.
o Boilers --Start/stop, heating water supply and return temperatures; outside air
temperature shut-off.
o Pumps --Start/stop and flow prove.
o Cooling Tower --Modulation of variable speed drives. Return and supply water
temperatures. Local controls for freeze protection devices.
o Zone or VAV Boxes – Application specific controller interfaced computerized
control system.
o Kitchen & Laundry Exhaust and Make-up – Start/stop with electrical interlock to
corresponding make-air fan and flow prove.
o Guest room energy management system

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 o Outdoor lighting.
o General Exhausts --Central start/stop for fans ¼ hp and larger including all guest
room toilet exhausts.
o Unit Heaters, Equipment Room, Exhaust Fans, etc.
o Kitchen & Domestic Hot Water Supply and Return Temperatures – Monitor.
o Water Consumption – Monitor.
o Electrical Demand – Monitor.
o Gas Consumption – Monitor.
o Kitchen Refrigeration – Cooler and freezer temperatures.
o Municipal Water Temperature – Monitor.
o Control valves, including those in fan coil and heat pump units, shall be specified
to withstand the highest expected chilled and hot water differential pressures
without being forced open.
o Control valves shall be two-way, except at ends of risers or hydronic loops, to
provide circulation.
 Provide O&M manual for system including shop drawings, device cuts, and complete
software listings, instructions customized to project and sequenced descriptions.

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8 COMMISSIONING, CLEANING, TESTING, BALANCING AIR AND WATER
SYSTEMS

 Prepare this section as appropriate, particular attention is to be paid to buildings with

LEED requirements or equivalent Sustainability Program.
 Prior to start-up, all systems shall be adequately cleaned and flushed to remove dirt,
debris, and foreign materials from all hot water systems, chilled water systems,
condenser water systems, condensate systems, steam generator systems, and all other
piping, HVAC equipment, fans, ducts, air handlers, and blowers.
 Prior to initial operations, all systems and equipment installation shall be verified to be
in accordance with drawings and specifications.
 Temperature and humidity control systems, electrical interlocks, and fire protection
interlocks shall all be operational, adjusted and calibrated in accordance with drawings
and specifications.
 It is desirable for the Owner to retain an independent test and balance agency qualified
in accordance with AABC or NEBB criteria to verify the performance and air and water
balance of all HVAC systems. Designer shall specify that the building contractor is
responsible for providing the balancing agency with equipment data and with piping and
sheet metal plans at least 180 days in advance of balancing devices; for changing drives
and motors necessary to achieve contract performance; for providing a technician to
accompany the balance agency at all times while on jobsite; and for providing access and
ladders necessary to make measurements.
 Provide test and balance reports prior to 30 days of property opening.

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9 TRAINING AND INSTRUCTIONS
 Hotel engineering personnel shall be provided with both written and oral instructions
and training on all HVAC equipment, controls and mechanical system component.
 Training will also include the operation and maintenance of fire protection and life
safety equipment. This includes emergency power systems; smoke control systems, fire
alarm and detection systems, automatic sprinkler system, standpipes and fire pumps.
Training shall be provided by persons qualified and appropriately certified to provide
such training.
 Training should be video recorded with two (2) copies of the complete training delivered
to the property.

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