1.

Space and Form

The dual nature of objects are those of space and form and
they together compose all things. The way that each act is
different in their own manner, but yet, are interdependent,
so that not one can't stand without the other and therefore
give each other their meaning.

The nature of space is the one of conceiving and

subjugation, for the form emerges from space and it's
defined by it. The first, then, precedes the second and the
former contains the principles that conform the later as
well as their harmony. This harmony is the relationships
between these principles, whose permutations and
rearrangements give way to the expression of variation in
the form, so that one might still have many different forms
that arise from the same principles.

The nature of form is the one of being and development, it

is malleable and calls for variance and expression, as well
as definition. Only form is capable of complexity, but the
process of development and the subjugation of space on
form forces the last to ultimately become the first again as
it decomposes or fulfills its process of being.
2. Objects will make relationships with other objects

One of the defining features of objects is the one of

creating relationships between other objects, this is
achieved specifically through form. The simplest
relationship is a straight line, for it is formed by the
presence of two points, the simplest of forms. These points
also serve as its limit and therefore define the borders of
the straight line, as it needs to be, for this is the very nature
of form, the one of definition.

What subjugates the potential and nature for relationship is

the form's limit, its border, where the form ends and space
starts again. This is where the form acquires its shape and
sensible characteristics and how everything perceivable
comes into being; form feeds with form and from this
reciprocal feedback each one of them comes into
definition.

New objects are made through relationships, and are not

excerpt from the general properties of objects, their parts
conform their new space along with their relationships and
bring forth the resulting form: point with point makes a
line, line with line makes a surface and surface with
surface a solid.
 3. Subsequent relationships create complexity

The main feature of relationship is that it breads

complexity. With every object comes its space, which is
composed of the form’s set of principles, if the
relationships of objects create new objects, then the
resulting ones will in itself be composed of previous
principles contained in the former objects, however, these
principles are not only additive as in an addition of
separate parts, but also the addition of newly made
relationships between the object’s form which then
constitute the new one’s space.

It is seen, for example, in the properties of a triangle: the

section of the plane that comes to form by the relationship
of three intersecting lines. Each line conserves the
principles that they hold on their own, but alone, they don’t
have the properties of the triangle, which instead are borne
out of each other’s inherent relationships.

Complexity is brought upon by the accumulative nature of

principles and relationships in form, as well as objects
forming new objects through them, this blurs the lines
between the dichotomy and makes them indistinguishable.
 4. Complexity brings objects to their realization

The indistinguishability between the form and space of

objects is achieved by amassed relationships. The nature of
this state is defined by the fulfillment of both parts of the
dichotomy: space has successfully expressed its form,
while form has reached the integration of its parts into
space.

The object has internalized its surroundings to the extent

that it is capable of making the only relationship it has not
been able to make: the one with itself. Now complexity
grows inwards, while simplicity is exerted outwards and
inner forms are made that, as they develop, will eventually
become self-similar in respect to the outer form. These
forms will follow the same process of being, of
relationship-creation and development, for this is how
organisms are made.

The very last thing achieved is the creation of another

object through the relationships between others, but since
the relationship is made by itself into itself, the object
produced is nothing more than a restatement of what it
already is, that is, self-replication. This is how simplicity is
exerted outward and how then the object has reached its
self-realization.

Two natural numbers can be randomly selected and added

together, if the resulting one is then added to the last and
this process is repeated subsequently and the last number is
measured against the one before it, we obtain the same
number every time, φ. It is no coincidence, then, that the
pentagon can replicate itself, inwardly, while holding this
relationship, which is only achievable within relationships
made by the pentagon into itself.
 5. Atoms and Elementary Forms

The existence of atoms have been acknowledged from the

times of Leucippus and is born from the mathematical
principle that it is making reference to. Though what is
called atoms today are not themselves indivisible, the
discovery of the former is presented with a time gap with
the discovery of the latter that it is substantial enough to
make the misnaming unable to be corrected, but the idea
perseveres. The principle of the atom is what needs to be
known, for there’s no such thing as a literal atom.

The space-form dichotomy comes to act again in reference

to the principle of the atom: the property of indivisibility is
but a principle that is then expressed throughout the many
faces of the form. A being, the cell, the molecule, the
physical atom, bosons and elementary particles are all the
product of this principle, therefore they’re all the same, but
most importantly, each spawn their own strata of matter
and their own type. The existence of types is the very
reason why classifications and associations can be made,
for the pattern is visible through them and offers
intelligibility.

The existence of strata does suggest, though, a hierarchy in

the nature of form, a sequence of creation. This is how
complexity is made, for the hierarchy is nothing more than
the relationship of each form with other forms, but
complexity will return to outwards simplicity through
reproduction (the creation of types) and turn inwards
through the development of form (the creation of other
forms, the reaffirmation of the atom), so that the principle
is expressed again while a hierarchy is formed and
maintained. The process is self-sustained, such as the one
visible in the nature of electric and magnetic fields.
 6. The Particle Stratum

The essential nature of the physical atom is the one of the

elemental form, therefore it will be the expression of the
basic principles in space and the start of a new strata.

Physical atom’s limit is defined by their electrons, which

is, of course by no coincidence, the means of interactions
between other forms. These type of interactions are so
basic in nature that they are the product of one of the
fundamental forces in nature, that is, the electro-magnetic
force that is responsible for so many phenomena. The
simplest interaction is the one with another atom where a
bond is formed and we have the production of the line in
this stratum and is another beginning for complexity. The
nature of relationship that gives shape to the form’s limit,
is in this case, the one of a sphere and of radial symmetry,
for the physical atom searches for interaction in every
direction equally.

The atom’s nucleus rarely will result changed in common

interactions, though fission and fusion are both possible
phenomena, often leading to the release of sub-atomic
particles, which already shows that these processes are
more basic that the ones between electrons. The simplest
nuclear fusion is the one found in stars, where two
hydrogen nuclei fuse themselves to form deuterium, which
when fused with another hydrogen atom forms helium.
This process is achievable thanks to three fundamental
forces, from which the majority of the atoms in the
universe are formed. Fission happens mostly in unstable
atoms: the atoms in which the internal forces are not in
equilibrium. These are more prone to separate into more
stable nuclei while releasing energy. This tells us another
aspect governing forms which is the one of stability.
 7. Molecules and Stability

The tendency for forms to relate to each other should be

apparent enough that the idea of atoms bonding together
can lead to more complex and larger forms is intuitive
now. The radial relationship-forming nature of the atom’s
limit shows the tendency to favor probability rather than a
particular selection for the creation of a relationship, which
is, however, present in the molecule.

Molecules often have points of general interaction where

other atoms or molecules can then interact with it, this is
mostly based on the molecule’s geometry as well as the
distribution of its polar electron cloud, here, electrons
favor specific regions rather than uniformly covering the
border. Molecules with polar characteristics are prone to
stronger interactions, the opposite also holds true. If a
molecule were to interact with other forms then it will
create the most probable form: the more stable one. The
imbalance in internal forces in the molecule is the aspect
that defines which kind of forces will act: a more
imbalanced (or unstable) molecule will be the one that
favors strong forces, forming a new, more stable,
molecule; in non-polar molecules the forces acting are
weaker for the molecule is already more stable, i.e.,
internally its net dipolar force is nullified. The molecule is
already stable enough, it doesn’t really need to change and
there is not much that these forces can add to its stability.

It is important to notice that the imbalance needs to be

balanced, the molecule can’t be totally unstable or totally
stable; these conditions will not yield any form, for matter
needs to move forward in hierarchy-forming direction and
change is needed on forms. Therefore all forms will be
asked to change while preserving their own nature.
 8. The Carbon Sub-stratum

The carbon atom bonds with itself to form the well-known

carbon skeletons, from which organic forms are based
upon. Structures with only hydrogen and carbon atoms
tend to be very apolar, these are called hydrocarbons. As
other atoms come to play functional groups are formed,
some are specifically located at the end of the molecule,
such as carboxylic groups, which contains the carbonyl
group. This carbonyl is very common in these structures
because of its potential to make the molecule able to create
relationships with other forms, this structure is actually
polar and is responsible for the union of amino acids, the
synthesis of fatty acids and metabolic products for living
organism to obtain their energy.

The carbon atom should possess, then, certain properties

that allow it to be a quasy-elemental form and stablish a
new stratum even if hydrogen is the more basic form of
this type. Carbon is very close to a stable electronic
configuration and only requires four covalent bonds to
reach it, if we take the special configuration of a carbon
atom with all of its bonds formed we would have a
tridimensional pyramid, which is, the most basic of the
solids: a four-faced structure with the same equilateral
triangle copied throughout them.

It is no coincidence that the atoms that compose most of

the organic forms are next to each other in the periodic
table, for they are all too alike and very close to stable
configurations. The farthest one away is hydrogen, but its
only function is the one of a limiting form, and so, when
the elemental form of a strata is assimilated, it seems to
exert the function of boundary of its forms.
 9. Macromolecules

At this point of the strata we reach a very high level of

complexity and relationship between forms and see
structures composed of many parts or large long chains of
repeating patterns, typically, this is observable in amino
acids, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nitrogenous
bases. Overall, these structures are very much like a
magnet with opposite poles in different sides of the
molecule and opposite signed poles join together. Most
macromolecules are stable structures, often having
plasticity in their shape and geometry as is the case with
carbohydrates in their hexagonal shape that molds into a
tridimensional form depending on the balance of its static
regions.

Many of these forms will be the building blocks for life to

come to, but before that stratum is reached the nature of
proteins will have to be pointed out, as they share the
property of a quasy-self-replication, from which DNA
comes to play.

The way proteins have to build relationships with their

environment is totally the opposite in comparison to
structure such as an atom, they are extremely specific and
their specificity forces the form to be extremely variable.
Proteins have an active point on which other forms are
changed, synthesized or catalyzed and the entire structure
is shaped around this very point. For these forms the
special orientation as well as their geometry is essential to
their nature and self-relationships are apparent already, this
is expressed through their folding, capacity to bond to
other proteins and the self-sustained cycle of production-
reproduction between DNA and proteins.
 10. The Organic Stratum

Up until now the forms present are considerably complex

in structure and since this is only the beginning of the
stratum we can consider them also very stable forms,
which would mean that the process of integration of the
parts of these structures has been very successful, it is
then, no coincidence that the main feature present in every
object in this stratum is the capacity for self-replication
which is present as soon as we have DNA, in other words,
the self-relationship is achieving a peak in these forms.

It is viable to say that the space of living forms is DNA

itself, which is born from the integration of almost every
form that came before it: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
molecules, atoms and so on. They come together to
produce this structure that looks at itself by binding to its
own structure producing the double-helix. In DNA the
information to build a living form is stored, this molecule
uses all previous types of structure present, weaving them
together, to produce an organism.

The very first organisms, of course, have their own limit,

composed of a membrane with a double layer of
phospholipids with the polar group (phosphate) ready to
exert a relationship with its environment, but also to its
inner space, the phosphate also looks inwards. Inside this
membrane there’s a soup of types that range from metallic
ions to proteins, all clustered together in the cytoplasm.
The membrane is porous and so the organism is not sealed
from its surroundings, relationships must be made for the
hierarchy of forms to be produced, if the organism is not
able to do this, it will inevitably have to die. So then, this
is what life is, the amalgamation of types converging into
the space that is DNA and its expression into form.
 11. Microorganisms

In microorganism is where we see the largest amount of

variation in life, each structure is an expression of its own
DNA and the very first of these should have had a
spherically shaped membrane. Indeed, most of them have a
radial structure from which relationships are based on
spawning probability rather than selective ones. Means of
interaction are further developed, like flagella for
movement or “claws” to stay fixed in a certain place.
Possibly the first types of controlled movement where the
ones from amoeba-like projections, but this already
presupposes means of orientation such as chemical
receptors. Therefore orientation is the origin of movement,
and, if the movement is controlled, the forms tend to a less
spherical shape and favor one of selectivity and a
proportion is stablished between the ability for a form to
orient itself and its non-spherical shape, this is visible in
organism with flagella, such as in Euglena.

Of course, living beings excel at self-relationships, and so,

inside every organism defined structures come to being
and the soup transforms into shaped and limited structures.
This happens in eukaryotic cells, where each organelle has
its own membrane. The most perplexing membranes are
the one from the mitochondria and the nucleus: the energy
maker and the DNA storage. The tendency to see
mitochondria as a “quasy-organism” is already stablished,
for this is stated in the endosymbiotic theory and because
this structure has its own DNA. However it seems to be
possible too that, from the tendency of form to be self-
similar, that the mitochondria is the product of repetition
rather than from symbiosis, especially if we look at its
function, which is energy storage and production.
 12. Colonies and Tissues

Microorganisms come together in bonding fashion to

create structures already stablished, the simplest ones are
of course the colonies formed from just one “bonding” to
the other, as seen in algae, where there are a bunch of
nuclei inside a more general membrane. Others have a
more geometrical shape, such as Pediastrum, where the
algae has a snowflake-like structure with pentagonal holes
inside of it. However there are structures that take the
shape visible in the chains of carbohydrates and amino
acids and so large filaments of cells are formed. This can
be compared to Volvox, that doesn’t follow the line-shaped
chain but rather a spherical with its daughter colonies
inside of it. These are different forms of arrangement
which are defined by the types of relationships that the
form exerts with its environment.

Integration of forms can grow in the amassment of

individuals and form more outwardly complex and
inwardly simple structures, which are the tissues. This
forms are what create the next set of living beings and how
the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic
living forms is made. Of course, tissues can build
relationships with other tissues to form organs, organs with
organs to form systems of organs and these systems then
come together to form higher beings, all done in geometric
fashion.
13. Some Biological Patterns and Principles of Form

The very first life forms reinstate the spherical structure

seen in the physical atom, even if the structures that
precede it and compose it grow selectively and directional.
With this we know that we start with a new cycle of form
which is expressed through the cell structure. As forms
evolve and change, their structure has the same transition
present in other cycle of forms: the spherical, radial and
probability-based nature is abandoned for the directional
and selective bilateral nature.

The only way to explain the return to radial symmetry with

echinoderms is the one mentioned many times, curiously
enough, the infant state of these animals have bilateral
symmetry and abandon it in adult form. These animals are
the precursors of chordate animals: the most complex ones,
and the first take land as their living environment. Of
course, bilateral symmetry was present even before
echinoderms and up to this point we can see some very
developed animals such as rotifers and invertebrates. Now,
shouldn't a similar case be present with this last group?
That hasn't been answered yet. But what needs to be
understood is that all this return to form is needed to
impulse it to develop the dorsal chord which will yield the
animals that dominate life.

It is no coincidence that the brain structure is what follows,

for it would be the pinnacle, then, of this directional
development. This is the reason why senses are connected
directly to the brain in chordates and the means of
interacting with the environment are developed greatly in
favor of relationship building. The brain develops the neo-
cortex in folding manner, self-relationships are made and
converge into the end of this stratum: self-consciousness
14. Man