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GENERAL MATHEMATICS Module 1:

Review on Functions
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Galina Panela
 , Subject Specialist, Mathematics at Samar College
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Published on Jul 10, 2016

First Module for General Mathematics (Senior High School)

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS Module 1: Review on Functions

1. 1. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela
2. 2. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela What is a function?
3. 3. Definition of a Function: • It is a relation define as a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where no two or
more distinct ordered pairs have the same first element (x). • Every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
4. 4. Examples: • Illustrations below are examples of a function GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar
College Galina V. Panela
5. 5. Is it a function or not? GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
6. 6. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela What is the difference between a
function and a relation?
7. 7. RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values called the
domain to a second set of values called the range. A function is a relation where each element in the
domain is related to only one value in the range by some rule.
8. 8. RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS The elements of the domain can be imagines as input to a machine that
 applies rule to these inputs to generate one or more outputs. The elements of the domain can be
imagined as input to a machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only one output.
9. 9. RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x, y). A function is a set of
ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.
10. 10. Is it a function or not? a. f = {(0, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6,-13)} b. r ={(a, 0), (b, -1), (c, 0), (d, -1)} c.
g = (5, -10), (25, -50), (50, -100) d. t = {(-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (-2, 2)} GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Samar College Galina V. Panela
11. 11. The function as a machine… We will try to represent mathematical relations as machines with an
input and an output, and that the output is related to the input by some rule. GENERAL
MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
12. 12. Determine if this machine produces a function… GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College
Galina V. Panela
13. 13. Determine if this machine produces a function… GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College
Galina V. Panela
14. 14. Determine if this machine produces a function… GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College
Galina V. Panela
15. 15. Determine if this machine produces a function… GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College
Galina V. Panela
16. 16. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela What is a table of values?
17. 17. Table of Values a • A table of values is commonly observed when describing a function. • This
shows the correspondence between a set of values of x and a set of values of y in a tabular form.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
18. 18. Examples of Table of Values a GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela x 0
1 4 9 16 y - 5 - 4 - 1 4 11 x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1 y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1
19. 19. Is it a function or not? 1.A jeepney and its plate number 2.A student and his ID number 3.A
teacher and his cellular phone 4.A pen and the color of its ink GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar
College Galina V. Panela
20. 20. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela What is a vertical line test?
21. 21. Vertical Line Test a • The vertical line test for a function states that if each vertical line intersects a
graph in the x-y plane at exactly one point, then the graph illustrates a function. GENERAL
MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
22. 22. Is this a function or not? GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
23. 23. Is this a function or not? GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
24. 24. Is this a function or not? GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
25. 25. Relationship Between the Independent and Dependent Variables GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Samar College Galina V. Panela Input (value of x) Process (equation rule) Output (value of y)
26. 26. Examples: 1. Find the value of y in the equation y = 10x – 3 if x = - 5. 2. Find the value of x if the
value of y in the equation 𝐲 = 𝟑𝒙+𝟖 𝒙−𝟐 is 2. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela
27. 27. Applications: 1. A car has travelled a distance of 124 kilometers in 4 hours. Find the speed of the
car. 2. The volume of the cube is defined by the function 𝑽 = 𝒔 𝟑 where s is the length of the edge. •
What is the volume of the cube if the length of the edge is 5 cm? • What is the length of its edge if its
volume is 728 cubic meters? GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
28. 28. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
29. 29. Evaluating Functions a • It is the process of determining the value of the function at the number
assigned to a given variable. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
30. 30. Example: Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒. Find the following values of the function a. f (2) b. f (-1) c. f
(0) d. f (- ½ ) e. f (- 4) GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
31. 31. Example: Let 𝐠 𝐱 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒. Find the following values of the function a. g (2) b. g (4) c. g (0) d. g
(9) e. g (- 1/3) GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
32. 32. Example: Let h 𝐱 = 𝟒𝒙+𝟖 𝟐𝒙−𝟒 . Find the following values of the function a. h (1) b. h (-2) c. h
(6) d. h (0) e. h (2) GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
33. 33. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
34. 34. Domain D of a Function a • It is the set of all x-coordinates in the set of ordered pairs. Range R of
a Function a • It is the set of all y-coordinates in the set of ordered pairs. GENERAL
MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
35. 35. Determine the domain and the range of the following: a GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar
College Galina V. Panela x 0 1 4 9 16 y - 5 - 4 - 1 4 11 x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1 y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1
36. 36. More on Independent Variables a • There are instances in which not all values of the independent
variables are permissible. • That is, some functions have restrictions. GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Samar College Galina V. Panela
37. 37. Determine the domain and the range of the following: a 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓 𝒙+𝟐 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟑
𝒙 − 𝟐 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
38. 38. Piece-wise Functions a • These are functions which are defined in defined in different domains
since they are determined by several equations. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina
V. Panela
39. 39. Determine the domain and the range of the following: a 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 = GENERAL
MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela { 2x + 3 if x ≠ 2 4 if x = 2 { 2x + 3 if x < 1 – 𝒙 𝟐 +
𝟐 if x ≥ 1
40. 40. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
41. 41. Operations on Functions If f and g are functions then • (f + g) = f(x) + g(x) • (f – g) = f(x)– g(x) •
(f ∙ g) = f(x) ∙ g(x) • 𝒇 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) where g(x) ≠ 0 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College
Galina V. Panela
42. 42. Example Let f(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 and g(x)= x – 1. Perform the operations and identify the domain
• (f + g) • (f – g) • (f ∙ g) • 𝒇 𝒈 𝒙 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
43. 43. Example Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝟗. Perform the operations and identify the domain • (f +
g) • (f – g) • (f ∙ g) • 𝒇 𝒈 𝒙 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
44. 44. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
45. 45. Operations on Functions If f and g are functions then the composite function denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈, is
defined by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
46. 46. Operations on Functions The domain of 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is the set of all numbers x in the domain of g such
that g(x) is in the domain of f. GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
47. 47. Example Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝟗. Find • (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(x) • (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(x) • (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(3) • (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(-
4) GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
48. 48. REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS Module 1 GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V.
Panela EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS
49. 49. Even and Odd Functions • A function f is said to be even if f(–x)=f(x) for each value of x in the
domain of f. • A function f is said to be odd if f(–x)= – f(x) for each value of x in the domain of f.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
50. 50. Example Determine whether each of the following functions is even, odd or neither • 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 𝟒 −
𝟑𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎 • 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙 𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 • 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐 GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Samar College Galina V. Panela
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