CHENAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

B.Sc. Civil Engineering

Transportation Engineering

Lab Copy

➢ Submitted By: USAMA MAQ SOOD

➢ Registration No: 2016-UET-CCET- CIVIL-07

➢ Submitted To: ENGR.HADHI

 Date: 30.09.2019

1. JOB NO. 04
Determination of the Angularity Number of the given Aggregate Sample.

4.1. SIGNIFICANCE

This test is also carried out for determining shape of the aggregates. This test is performed to
determine the angularity number i.e. the absence of roundness or the degree of angularity of the
aggregate specimen.

 The degree of packing of particles of single sized aggregate depends upon the angularity of
aggregate.
 The angularity of the aggregate can be estimated from the properties of voids in a sample of
aggregate compacted in a specified manner.
 The angularity number ranges from zero, for a highly rounded gravel to about 11 for freshly
crushed angular aggregates.
 Higher the angularity number, more angular and less workable is the concrete mix.
 In cement concrete roads (rigid pavements), rounded aggregates are preferred because of better
workability and higher strength.
 In bituminous or water bound macadam construction (like flexible pavements), angular
aggregates with high angularity number are preferred because of high stability due to better
interlocking and friction.
 In road construction, angularity number of 7 -10 is generally preferred.

4.2 APPARATUS

1. A metal cylinder of about 3L capacity.

2. Temping rod of circular cross section, 16mm dia and 60cm in length.
3. A metal scoop.
4. A weighing balance.
5. Water and aggregate sample.
6. Graduated cylinder

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 Date: 30.09.2019

4.3 RELATED THEORY

4.3.1. What is the Angularity?

It is the absence of roundness. An aggregate particle, which is more rounded, is less angular and
vice versa.

4.3.2 Angularity Number

Angularity Number of an aggregate is the amount (to the higher whole number) by which the
percentage of voids in it after compacting in a prescribed manner exceeds 33.

 When, “33” is the percentage of volume of voids, they will be perfectly rounded aggregate.
 When “67” is the percentage of volume of solids, they will be perfectly rounded aggregate.

The value of angularity number generally lies between 0 & 11 while in road construction;
angularity number of 7 – 10 is generally preferred.

4.3.3 Why 67% for Solids and 33% for voids?

In the case of angular aggregates, the total covered area by the aggregate is found to be 67% and
total voids are 33%. So if the voids are found to be 33% then angularity number is said to be zero
while if voids are more than 33%, take 40% then, angularity number will be 7.

4.4. PROCEDURE

This procedure is for aggregate size ¾” to No.4 sieve. If aggregate is coarser than ¾”, a cylinder
of large capacity shall be required and amount of compactive effort or energy should be
proportional to the volume of the cylinder.

1. 10 Kg of the sample is taken for the test. The material should be oven dried.
2. The aggregate is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 100 blows using the standard
tamping rod at a rate of 2 blows/second by lifting the rod 5 cm above the surface of the
aggregate and then allowing it to fall freely. The blows are uniformly distributed over the
surface of the aggregate.
3. After compacting the third layer, the cylinder is filled to overflowing and excess material is
removed off with temping rod as a straight edge.
4. The aggregate with cylinder is then weighed.

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 Date: 30.09.2019

5. Three separate determinations are made and then the mean weight of the aggregate in the
cylinder is calculated.

4.4.1. Method-1: Solids Point of view

 Add measured quantity of water in the compacted aggregate until all the voids are filled and
water appears to the surface.
 Volume of water added is approximately equal to the volume of voids in the compacted
aggregate.

 Now, empty the cylinder and add measured quantity of water in it. Fill the cylinder to the
surface and note that total volume of water added.
𝐋𝐨𝐬𝐞
𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( ) − 𝟑𝟑
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝

4.4.2. Method-2: Voids Point of view

 Find the mean weight (W) of the aggregate filling cylinder.
 Find the specific gravity (Gs) of aggregates.
 Find the volume of cylinder (C) by completely filling measured quantity of water in the
cylinder.

4.5 OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS

Empty weight of cylinder = 5500g

Cylinder + lose Aggregates (1st reading) = 10kg

Cylinder + lose Aggregates (2nd reading) = 10kg

Cylinder + lose Aggregates (3rd reading) = 10kg

Average = 10kg

Cylinder + compacted Aggregates (1st reading) = 10.6kg

Cylinder + compacted Aggregates (1st reading) = 10.690kg

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 Date: 30.09.2019

Cylinder + compacted Aggregates (1st reading) = 10.750kg

Average = 10.68kg

Lose weight of Aggregate = 10kg-5.5kg = 4500g

Compacted weight of aggregate = 10.86kg-5.5kg = 5180g

𝐋𝐨𝐬𝐞
𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( ) − 𝟑𝟑
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝
4500
Angularity Number = 100 ( ) − 33
5180
𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟖𝟕

Weights Angularity Number

Empty Cylinder+ Cylinder+
Cylinder lose Compacted Lose Compacted
Aggregates Aggregates
Aggregates Aggregates
53.87
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
5500 10000 10680 4500 5180

4.6 RESULTS

Angularity number of the sample is 53.87.

4.7 COMMENTS

Angularity number of an aggregate is the amount (to the higher whole number) by which the
percentage of voids in it after compacting in a prescribed manner exceeds 33.

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