A

SYNOPSIS
On
HYDRAULIC PRESS

Submitted for the partial fulfillment for the requirement for the award of diploma

POLYTECHNIC
In
Mechanical Engineering (Production)

Guided By Submitted by
Er. Himanshu Sharma Ankit Saini
Assistant Professor Abhishek
Hritik Verma
Abhishek Kumar
Anmol Kumar
Dheeraj Kumar
Hritik Yadav

RV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BIJNOR

Affiliated to B.T.E.U.P., Lucknow
September 2019
 Abstract: The hydraulic pressing machine is used for converting shape of the material to the
requirement from by compressive force of action. In this work hydraulic pressing machine of
capacity 3ton is assembled. Various processes are used to integrate mechanical system with
hydraulic system to facilitate the ease of operation to manufacture the smaller parts in a bulk
An attempt has been made to provide the smooth and rapid functioning of press with the help
Of hydraulic system.

1. INTRODUCTION

A hydraulic press is a device using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force. The hydraulic
Press is a kind of machine which uses the fluid as a working medium to transfer energy based on
PASCAL’s principle to realize various techniques.

Generally, the hydraulic press machine consists of two parts: the machine (mainframe), the hydraulic
Control system. It is a machine that makes use of the static pressure of the fluid to process metal,
Plastic rubber, wood, powder products.

It is often used in pressing and pressing forming processes, such as forging press, stamping, cold
Extrusion, straightening, bending, flanging, sheet drawing, powder metallurgy, pressing, etc.

The primary concept used to provide power to the hydraulic press is that the level of pressure in a
closed System is constant. This type of press has pistons with a fluid inside that is displaced by the
pistons Inward movement. The fluid forces its way back into the space by moving the piston outward.
Additional power is created through the movement of the fluid, which is confined to the system.

By applying hydraulics to a press, an entire class of machines was invented. There is a wide range of
Different hydraulic press machines, ranging from small table top units for hobbists to huge machines
Used to created metal parts.

The operation includes deformation of metal specimen to obtain desired shape and size by refining
grain structure, pressing machine always uses impact load due to this press machine always experience
continuous stresses, hence frequently structural failure of some parts of hydraulic press may occurs, in
these some parts experience compressive stress and some parts experience tensile stress.

In hydraulic press, the force generation, transmission and amplification are achieved using fluid under
pressure. The liquid system exhibits the characteristics of a solid and provides a very positive and rigid
medium of power transmission and amplification. In a simple application, a smaller piston transfers
fluid under high pressure to a cylinder having a larger piston area, thus amplifying the force. There is
easy transmissibility of large amount of energy with practically unlimited force amplification.

Our press will allow them to easily accomplish many operations, such as moulding compound curves out
of aluminium, straightening heavy structural members, pressing bearings, and bending brackets.
2. HISTORY

In 1795, J. Brammer in the UK invented the hydraulic press using Pascal's principle for packing and
squeezing vegetable oils. By the mid-19th century, the United Kingdom began to use hydraulic presses
for forging, hydraulic presses have gradually replaced the over-sized steam forging hammer. By the
end of the 19th century, the United States made 126,000 kN free-forged hydraulic presses. Since then,
more than 20 Taiwan 100,000 free-forged hydraulic presses have been manufactured in the world, of
which 2 are made in China. With the emergence of electric high-pressure pump and improve, forging
hydraulic press to the direction of smaller tonnage development. After the 1950s, there appeared a
small fast forging hydraulic press, equivalent to 30 to 50 kilograms of forging hammer work done. In
the 1940s, Germany made a giant forging hydraulic press of 180000 kN. Since then, 18 sets of 180-kw
hydraulic presses have been made in the world, of which 300,000 kN made in China.

This remarkable property of incompressible fluid that has received the widest use of modern
technology, was opened by Pascal. In his treatise on fluid balance, published posthumously in 1663, he
wrote: "If a vessel full of water, enclosed on all sides, has two openings, and one has an area of a
hundred times more than the other, with a tight-inserted piston, the a man pushing a small piston will
balance the force of a hundred people who will push a hundred times more, and 99 of them will
overcome. "

Following the publication of the treatise Pascal's idea of a hydraulic press in the air, but to implement it
in practice could not be more than a hundred years, because they could not achieve the necessary
tightness of the vessel: at higher pressures the water seeped between the piston and the cylinder
walls, and no amplification was impossible. In the 90 years of XVIII century for the creation of a
hydraulic press took up the famous English inventor Brahma. He also had to face the problem of
sealing, but this task Brahma helped resolve his future collaborator and a great inventor Henry
Maudsley, who came up with a special self-sealing collar (collar).

The invention Mawdsley was virtually equal to the invention of the press, because without it, he could
never work. Contemporaries were well aware of it. Pupil J Maudsley. Nesmith wrote later that if
Maudsley did not invent anything, except that the self-sealing collar, even then his name would be
forever entered the history of art. The collar is a ring, which had a cross-sectional view of the V facing
the letter, he pulled out a thick piece of Russian leather, well soaked in warm water, using a cast-iron
mould, consisting of a ring-shaped recess and a continuous ring, match its inner surface. Before
complete drying of the skin had to infiltrate the fat that it has maintained its softness. When filling the
cylinder with water under high pressure the edges of the leather collar parted, tightly clinging to the
surface of the cylinder and closing a gap. For large diameter piston a collar is too flexible and therefore
easy to keep up. In this case, it was placed inside the ring, similar to what was used for drawing. In
1797, Brahma built the first hydraulic press in history.
3. PRINCIPLE

The hydraulic press relies on Pascal’s Principle, which was established by French Mathematician Blaise
Pascal in 1647-1648. Pascal’s Principle is a principle in fluid mechanics stating that the pressure at a
point has infinite direction, and thus the pressure changed at any point in a confined incompressible
liquid is transmitted throughout the fluid, such that the same change occurs everywhere. The principle,
when written mathematically, is as follows:

∆P is the hydrostatic pressure or, more simply put, the difference in pressure of two points within a
fluid column. The SI unit for pressure is in Pascals. Here, ρ is the fluid density in kilogram per cubic
meter. The term g in the above equation signifies the acceleration due to gravity (measured in meters
per second squared). ∆h is the height of the fluid above the point of measurement in the fluid column,
which is measured in meters.The above equation can be very well understood intuitively. The change in
pressure occurs due to the change in potential energy of the liquid per unit volume of the liquid, which
in turn is caused by the acceleration due to the gravity.

When input is given to the handle of the hydraulic pump of machine it transmit this force to the fluid
which acts as a working medium and diverts this force in all direction according to pascal’s law.
And the output which we get on the ram is increased as compare to the input. And the ram start rising
upwards and apply force on the fixed arm of structure. Due to which the lower or movable arm of the
structure starts going downwards direction and we get a compressive force between lower and middle
arm. We can apply force on any workpiece by fixing it between these arms.
4. Benefit

Hydraulic presses are a staple in the manufacturing industry for their versatility and reliability. Since
the 1940's, we have known the impressive power of hydraulic presses, providing many advantages to
those who utilize them.

a. A Wide Range of Designs

There are many different types of hydraulic presses suitable for different applications. Some of the
different types of presses are; Vertical H-frame style, C-frame presses, Horizontal presses, Movable
table presses, Tire presses, Movable frame presses, and Lab presses. Each design is also available with
single or double acting workhead, and manual, air or electric operation. The hydraulic press is
extremely versatile!

b. Smooth Pressing

Hydraulics give you smooth, even pressure throughout the ram stroke. This allows tonnage to be
achieved at any point of the ram travel unlike mechanical presses where you only get the tonnage is at
the bottom of the stroke.

c. Pressure Control

Many hydraulic presses have pressure relief valves available. You can dial in whatever pressure you
require and the press will repeat that preset pressure consistently taking the guess work out of the
equation of too much or too little pressure.

d. Lifting and Pressing Ability

Many presses feature double acting cylinders which means you have lifting force as well as pressing
forces. Any tooling attached to the ram can easily be raised with double acting cylinder.

e. Simple Design

Hydraulic presses are simple in design, easy to operate and, when used and maintained properly, will
last for many years with trouble free operation. Since there are few moving parts, up keep is minimal,
cutting maintenance costs.
5. Implementation

a) Body

The body or structure of the hydraulic press is made of mild steel plate. Mild steel (iron
containing a small percentage of carbon, and tough but not readily tempered), also known
as plain-carbon steel and low-carbon steel, is now the most common form of steel because
its price is relatively low whle it provides material properties that are acceptable for many
applications. Mild steel contains approximately 0.05-0.25% carbon making it approximately
malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and
easy to form.

b) Hydraulic jack

The jack used in Hydraulic press is of 3 ton capacity. And is operated with handle by moving
it reciprocately. It use oil which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder bya a pump
plunger. Oil used in it is self lubricating and stable. When the plungerpulls back, it draws oil
out of the reservoir through a suction check valve into the pump chamber. It can be used to
lift 3 ton of load.

c) Springs

The Springs used in Hydraulic press are tensile springs. These are typically made of spring
steel.
6. Reference link

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_press

https://www.mech4study.com/2018/10/hydraulic-press-principle-construction-working-with-applications.html

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-history-of-the-hydraulic-press

https://www.dakecorp.com/blog/10-advantages-of-using-a-hydraulic-press