Detailed Lesson Plan in Math 5, Analytical Geometry(Conic Sections)

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to;
a. Define conic sections
b. Describe conics and its properties.
c. Graph and plot the conic sections in a plane.
d. Determine the elements of a conic sections.
e. Rewrite equations

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Conic Sections
References: Youtube.com, Mathisfun.com, Fundamentals of Algebra,OnlineMathlearning.com
Materials : Paper cones
Cartolina(rectangular)
Scissors
Visual aids
Meta cards
Whiteboard markers
Values : Cooperation, Open-mindedness, speed and accuracy, self- discipline, cleanliness and orderliness in one’s work

III. Methodology

A. Preparatory Activities

Teachers Activity Students Activity

1. Greetings
“Good morning class” “Good morning sir”

2. Prayer
“Let us pray first, who wants to lead the prayer?” ( One student will lead the prayer)

“Ms. Secretary, may I know who is absent

Today?” ( The Secretary will report)

“Thank you”

“Kindly arrange your chairs 2lanes beside the walls (Students do as they’re told)
and pick up pieces of paper under your chair.”

“You may now take your seats.” “ Thank you sir”

3. Checking of Attendance
“ Ms. Secretary, do we have our absent today?” “None Sir, all are present today.”
“ Thank you, very good!”
 4. Drill
Cone
“Cone, cone,
What’s your clue
Don’t let the ice cream
Drip on you.
(Repeat 3x)

5. Review

“Let’s have some review about what we have

discussed last meeting.Yes, Jude?” “We discussed about the lines in a plane, how to compute
the distance between a point and a line using the special
forms of equation.”
“Thank you.”

B. Lesson Proper

A. Motivation

“We have pictures here, all you have to do is just

observe and find some shapes in the architectures. Is that
clear, class?” “ Yes, sir!”

“In the first picture, it is a cone-shaped architecture.

Ferris wheel - a Circle
Gateway Arch,St. Louis, Missour i- arc shape
Tycho Brahe Planetarium, in Denmark - cube
Eiffel Tower- triangle

Nuclear Plant Cooling tower-cub-like shaped

“Janno, what shapes do you see in the pictures?”
“How about you, Jenny?
“Thank you, later we will check if the shapes you’ve said
was included in our lesson.”
Farmer’s Cottage Deluxe - Circle
A planet with a n elliptical orbit
A Planet itself- a circle
B. Activity
“I will divide you into 4 groups based on the piece
of paper they’ve got under their chair. Each piece
of paper has a written circle,ellipse, parabola and
hyperbola that serves as the group name.
( 2 minutes craft)
Each group will be given party hat , scissor,
marker, a tape, and a metacard with an
instructions contained in it.
“You may start, now.”
“You only have 1 minute left.”
“ Give yourselves a five claps.”
C. Discussion
“Based on the pictures and activity, Ella, what do you
think is our lesson to be discuss?
“You are correct, let,s give him a 5 claps.”
Circle group instruction guide;
Cut the cone flat across the bottom so that the bottom remains in
a circle.Insert the plane sheet in between the cut sides and fix the
cone in its original form.Use tape. Note that the shape produced
is a circle.
Ellipse Group;
Cut thecone diagonally across the bottom.Insert the plane sheet
between the cut sides and fix again the cone in its original
form. Note that the shape produced is oval.
Parabola Group;
Cut the plane sheet at one end that fitted to the cone once it
place parallel to the slant of the outside edge.The shape created
will resemble a "U". This shape is open at one end and is called a
parabola. Fix it using a tape.
Hyperbola group;
Cut one end of a plane sheet.The shape created will resemble a
rounded "V". Place it on the section of a cone perpendicular to
the base.This shape is open at one end and is called a hyperbola.
Fix it using tape.
“Clap, Clap, Clap, Clap, Clap.”
“ I think our lesson for today is about conic sections.”
“Clap, clap, clap, clap, clap!”
 “Regine, what is a conic section?please read.” “Conic sections can be defined as the locus of
point that moves so that the ratio of its distance
from a fixed point called the focus, to its distance
“Thank you. If a plane cutting through the sections of a from a fixed line called the directrix is constant.
cone, then we will get the four conic section.”
“ Conic sections are circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.”
“Jurice, what are the conic sections?

“ To easily determine the conic sections, always

remember this;
 If angle A and B is both 90˚ through the
vertical axis , the section is circle.
 If A < 𝐵 < 90˚ , its an ellipse
 If A= 𝐵, parabola
 If 0≤ 𝐵 < 𝑎: the plane through the both
nappes and the curves of intersection is a
hyperbola.

“Thank you. Now lets begin with the first conic section “Circle is the set of points that are at a fixed distance
which is a circle. What is the formal definition of a circle?” called a radius, from a fixed point called the center.
Ziara, please read.”

“Thank you.”

Circle Conic Section

”When working with circle conic sections, we can derive

the equation of a circle by using coordinates and the
standard equation of a circle which is
(x - h)² + (y - k)² = r² where r is the radius, and the
coordinates (x,y) are equal to the circle center. The
variables h and k,(center) represent horizontal or vertical
shifts in the circle graph.”
“Now, how do we graph a circle in standard form and
general form? Let’s try some examples.”

Examples:
1. Find the center and the radius, then graph.
A. (x - 3)² + (y + 2)² = 16
“ In letter A equation,
B. x2 + (y - 1)² = 4 the center is(3, -2)
while the radius is the
squareroot of 16
which is ± 4.” •
“Very good, how about in letter b?”
 “since there is no
constant number to
subtract in x, the value
“Very good, thank you.” of x is zero.Therefore,
the center is 0 and 1
and the radius is the
”Now, how do we find the equation of the circle if the
squareroot of 4 which
given is center and the radius?” is 2.”

Example: “In the given, using

a) center(-11, -8) and radius 4 pythagorean formula, we just only substitute the value of h
“Very good, how about in letter b?” Zaira, please tell us to 11 and k to 8 and squared the radius make it 16.
the equation based on this example.” Therefore, equation is (x+11)²+(y +8)²=16.”

b) center (2, -5) and point on circle(-7, -1) “To find the equation, simply distribute the coordinate of a
center to the h and k in standard formula then distribute
also the points coordinate to the x and y.Simplify.
(x - h)² + (y - k)² = r²
(-7 - 2)² + (-1 +5)² = r²
(-9)² + (-4)² = r²
“Very good!” 81+16= r²

Therefore, the equation in letter b is (x-2)²+(y+5)²=97

“What if the given is in general form , how will you write it
in standard form. Yes, April.”
“ To write in standard equation form, we can use the
2x² + 2y² - 12x + 8y - 24 = 0 completing the square method.”

“Wow, great! How did you know that.”

“The General Form of the equation is ,X²+y²+Dx+Ey+F=0; “The center is (3, -2) and 5 is the radius.”
while D, E, and F are constant.

“First, we have to divide all numbers by 2 to simplify,

and it appears like this; x² + y² - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0. Rewrite
the equation, x² - 6x+_͟ y² + 4y -͟ 12 = 0
x² - 6x+_͟9 y² + 4y+4͟=12+9+4
Therefore, the standard equation is, (x-3)+(y+2)=25.”

Joan, what is the center and radius of a circle in this

equation.

“Very good!”
“ Espi, please plot the circle on the graph.”
“Now, let us proceed to the second conic
“Ellipse is a conic section that has an oval shaped.”
section; an Ellipse.” Cindy, what is an
ellipse and what does it looks like?”

“Okay, good!

“Neri,does an ellipse has a radius? Explain.” “Yes, an ellipse has a radius but I think the distance from
the center is not constant unlike the circle.”
“Very well said, thank you. ”

“Ellipse is a set of points in a plane such that the sum of

the distance from two foci to any point on the ellipse is
constant.

“Vertices – for an ellipse, the y and x intercepts are the

vertices .”

“Major axis – for an ellipse, the longer axis of symmetry,

the axis that contains the foci.”

“Minor axis – for an ellipse, the shorter axis of symmetry

Center – for an ellipse, the intersection of the major and
minor arcs.”

“Focus (foci - plural) – one of two fixed points within in an

ellipse such that the sum of the distances from the points
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
to any other point on the ellipse is constant.”
““The standard equation is, 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2
=1
(h, k) will be the center.”

“Okay, lets analyze an ellipse given its graph.”

“Janno, what do you think is the center of this ellipse.”

“Correct, because the center lies on the origin.”

“Jg, what is the coordinates of the vertices?”

“Very good. In this graph, the longest radius lies on the y “The center is( 0,0).”
axis, therefore, our major axis will be the b².But, if the “The coordinates of the vertices are, (4,0), (-4, 0), (0,6) and
major axis lies along the x axis, a² will be the higher unit.” (0,-6).”

“Is that clear, class?” “Yes, Sir!”

“Okay,to analyze the graph we now use the standard

equation. Let us substitute the given coordinates in the
formula.”
 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−0)2 (𝑦−0)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2
=1 42
+ 62
=1 , 16
+ 36 =1

“ This is the simplest analysis of an ellipse given its graph if

the center is in the origin or zero.”

“Let us try another example.”

Example; center(0,0), Vertices(5,0,)(-5,0)(0,2)(0,-2)

“Jude, please try this one on the board. Everyone please

answer this in your notebook.” (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−0)2 (𝑦−0)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1 = + =1 = + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 52 22 25 4

“That’s correct, did anyone got the same answer? ”

“Very good!”
“Yes, Sir!”

“The focus of an ellipse lies on the major axis , but how

can we find it on the graph? And later I will tell you the
importance of foci in an ellipse.”
“Our next example will help us to find the foci with an
equation.”
25x²+9y²=225

Step 1; Convert in standard form

25𝑥²+9𝑦²=225 𝑥² 𝑦2
= + =1 a²=9 , b²=25 , c²= ?
225 9 25

“ C², is the foci we need to find. To do that, let’s proceed

to step 2 which is calculating the foci.”
.
c²=longer side – shorter side
c²=25-9
c²=√16
c= +
−4
.
“Therefore, the foci in the major axis are;(0,4) (0, -4).
“Jude, please graph our equation base on the given
analysis that we have.”

“ Sheila, what is the importance of the foci in our ellipse? “The foci is important to make a perfect elliptical shape
with the constant distance from the center.”
“Very well said, thank you. Here is the representation of
the importance of foci.”

“Any question, clarification?” “None, Sir!”

“Our next conic section is parabola. Rjay, “Parabola is a set of points in a plane that are equidistant
what is a parabola? Please read.” from a focus and a fixed line – the directrix.”
“Thank you, with the point known as the focus serves to
define a parabola and to help us to graph and analyze the
parabola, we need to know its parts. Ainah, what are the
parts of a parabola.”

 Axis of symmetry is a line perpendicular to the directrix

and passing through the focus (that is, the line that
splits the parabola through the middle).
 Directrix is the fixed straight line.
 Vertex is a point between the focus and a directrex.
“Thank you. Parabolas can open up, down, left, right, or in
 Focus is a fixed point in a parabola
some other arbitrary direction but the order of its parts
are always the same.”
“Now let us understand the standard equations of a
parabola.”

“If the parabola is open vertically, the equation will be

(x-h)²=4p(y-k). But, the value of( p )will change into (-p) if
the parabola is open downward .”

“If the parabola is open to the right, the equation is ;

(y-k)²=4p(x-h) , but the value of (p) will change to negative
if the opening is going to the left.”

“Is that clear, Class?” “Yes, Sir!”

“Now, let us use two sets of equations. Here are the

notation in every part of parabola that we can use.”

V=(h,k)
F=(𝑥? , 𝑦? ) y
D: x=_ y=_

Example: Graph and analyze the parabola with center at D: y=3 .

(0,0), focus at (o, -3) and directrix at y=3. In this example
we have three given in the problem. First, we need to
. V= (0,0)

• F= (0,-3)
graph the following parts.
“ Paco, please plot this given parts on the graph.”

V=(0,0), =(h,k)
F=(0,-3)
D: y=3
“Correct, since the opening is in downward position,
we can now use the first formula. But, we change the
value of p with negative. “P”is the number of units
away from the vertex to the focus.”
(x-h)²=4(-p)(y-k)
(x-0)²=4(-3)(y-0) Given;
“To simplify the equation, remove the zero and we will
center (0,0)
have an equation x²=-12y based on the given parts.” focus (3,0).
D: x= -3
Example #2; Graph and write the standard of a parabola • •
with center (0,0) and focus (3,0).
“Jurice, please write the given and plot on graph.”
“Very good, since we have the focus its automatically we
have the given directrix. Count 3 units backward and we
got (x= -3) because the distance of between focus and
vertex is equal to the distance of vertex from the
directrix.” Is that clear, Class?” “ Yes, Sir!”

“Che, what equation do we use in this parabola.”

“ We use the 2nd formula which is (y-k)²=4p(x-h) because
The opening is going to the right.”
“Very good! Okay, Jude please try this one.” (y-k)²=4p(x-h)
(y-0)²=4(3)(x-0)
y²=12x

“Very good, Jude! Please give him a jowable clap.”

“123, 123, Jowable!”
“ In the given, if one of the directrix or the focus was
missing, always remember that they are equidistant .
Therefore, the missing value is the opposite of the given
point.”
“Is that clear, Class?” “Yes, Sir!”

“Now, let us discuss the last conic section, the “Hyperbola is a set of all points in a plane, such that the
HYPERBOLA. Judy Anne, what is a hyperbola? Please read difference of the distances from two distinct points(foci) is
and draw a hyperbola on the graph.” a positive constant.”

“Thank you, very good! Please give here 5 claps.”

• focus
• vertex
C A
•
center
“Clap, clap, clap, clap, clap!”
•
•
“ In hyperbola , it also has the vertex, center, and focus the
same as the ellipse. Later ,in our formula ,we use the value
of A and C. The value of A is the distance of the center to
the vertex while the value of C is the distance of center to
one of our foci. We use the value of A and C to write the
standard formula of hyperbola using this equation.
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

“What do you observe in this equation?” “ Same as the ellipse equation but in hyperbola we get the
difference of x and y coordinates while in ellipse we just
“Nice observation, thank you.” add the coordinates .”

“Now let’s have an example on how to perform operations

or problems involving in hyperbola.”

Example;Graph the given equation of a hyperbola with

center at (0,0).
𝑥2 𝑦2
9
− 16 = 1
“Zaira, in this hyperbola, why we don’t have h and k?”
“Because the center is (0,0) or located in the origin.”
“Very good!” Our first step to graph a hyperbola is;
Step 1; Constructing framework using the denominator
x²=9 , y²16
x=±3 y=±4

“ Jenny, please plot this given framework on the graph.”

“Thank you, after graphing the hyperbola, we can form a asymptote

quadrilateral. Then, we put an asymptote passing through
the corners of a box that serves as guide in forming a
hyperbola.”
“Our next step is find the foci to know how the hyperbola
was open. In finding the foci, we use the formula , c²=a²+b² c²=a²+b²
“ Cindy, please come here and use our formula to find the c²=9+16
foci.” c²=25
c=±5
“Very good, Cindy.” Therefore, our foci is 5 units away
from the center and the opening of our hyperbola will be
along the x axis because the term with an x in our formula
is positive.” • •
“Rjay, will you please put the foci in our graph and draw a
hyperbola.”
𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1
“Thank you Rjay, very good. This will be our graph with 9 16
(0,0) origin and has a 5 units away from the focus.””

“Let’s try another example.”

EX.2. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola with
foci at (-1,2) and (5,2) and vertices at (0,2) and (4,2).
“Derec, please plot all the given on the graph.”

“Very good, thank you.”

•• • ••
“ From the graph, we can get the center at (2,2). Now, let
us find the value of A and C to complete the standard
equation of hyperbola.”

“Regine, how will you get the value of A?”

“ We can get the value of A by counting the unit distance
“Very good! from the center to the vertex and it will be 2 units.”

“Since the value of C is the distance unit of the center to

“Janine, what is the value of C?” the foci, we can get 3 units.”
“Very good!
“Now, let us find the value of B using the Pythagorean a=2 c²=a²+b² , b²=c²-a² , b²=3²-2² , b²=9-4
theorem.” c=3
b=?
“Mabel, please solve the value of B on the board.” b²=5

“Very good ,Mabel!”

“To write in standard equation, all we have to do is just

direct substitution of the given and the answer we’ve got.”
Our equation is,
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 2)2 • • •
− =1 • •
4 5

“Liz, please plot all the elements on the graph and draw a
needed hyperbola.”

“Very good. Did anyone understand how to analyze and

graph a hyperbola?” “Yes, Sir!”
 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY

Laguna Sports Complex, Brgy Bubukal Sta

Cruz, Laguna

Detailed
Lesson
Plan in
Math 5
Prepared by; Prepared for;

Group 3 BEED Prof. Avelina Salomon