READING TASK AND EXERCISE

BAHASA INGGRIS III

DISUSUN OLEH :
NAMA : MARISA MAHARTI
NIM : G1B116018

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN

PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN
UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
2019
 Being an Optimist May Help People Live Past 85
Individuals who scored higher on an optimism
assessment were likely to live significantly longer lives, a
new study finds
By Jacquelyn Corley, STAT on August 27, 2019

Humans have been searching for centuries for the

secret to living longer, but the answer may be as simple
as maintaining a positive state of mind. A new
study published Monday by researchers at Boston
University adds to the evidence that optimistic men and
women may live longer than those who are pessimistic.
Researchers found that people who scored higher on an
optimism assessment were more likely to live past the
age of 85. Those with higher optimism levels at the start
of the study were more likely to have advanced degrees
and be physically active, and less likely to have health
conditions like diabetes or depression. However, when
researchers accounted for these variables, they still
found that optimism was associated with people living
significantly longer.
Often, researchers focus on finding risk factors the
heighten the likelihood of falling ill. But Lewina Lee, the
lead researcher on the new study and an assistant
professor of psychiatry at BU School of Medicine, said,
“These findings reinforce the value of looking at
psychosocial assets and not just deficits in overall health
and health outcomes.”
The study, published in Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, involved long-term follow up of
women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study and men in
the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. The women
have been followed since 1976, and in 2004 they
completed a six-question optimism assessment. Their
survival was tracked until 2014. The men have been
followed since 1961, and in 1986 they completed a
baseline assessment with 263 true or false statements
about their experiences and their outlook on life. Survival
outcomes were tracked through 2016.
A report from the Brookings Institution in May 2018
reached a similar conclusion. “We were looking at people
born in the 20s and 30s who lived beyond 2015,”
explained Carol Graham, a Brookings senior fellow. Lee’s
“findings fit with the findings we have found. Based on
U.S. data for similar-aged people, those who are
optimistic in their early and mid lives live longer.”
Prior studies have also reported that optimism is
associated with a reduction of premature death or
decreased rates of medical conditions such as
cardiovascular disease, but the link between optimism
and long life expectancy is relatively new and the
implications are far-reaching.
The authors of the new study said they believe that
optimism is a modifiable attribute and could be a
potential target to promote healthy aging. Graham
suggested that communities could boost optimism by
increasing access to the arts or providing volunteer
opportunities, which might help create a sense of
purpose and foster social connections.
While the association is clear, scientists still do not
fully understand why optimism might lead to longevity. It
may simply be that people who are optimistic are more
likely to invest in their health and avoid risky health
behaviors. But there may be more biology than what it
seems on the surface.
Bruce McEwen, who heads the Laboratory of
Neuroendocrinology at Rockefeller University, said that
experiences shape the brain and body. Inflammation and
stress can affect the brain and other organs and cause
disease or aging processes. Attributes such as being goal-
oriented, optimistic, and socially engaged are all
interrelated and might be able to combat higher stress
and inflammation levels.
While the findings are promising, these optimism
studies should be interpreted with caution. In Lee’s
research, the two groups of men and women that were
studied were fairly narrow and included mostly white
people of higher socioeconomic status. It is difficult to
determine how generalizable these findings are.
“Translating into individual lives is a more complicated
story,” McEwan said.
The findings provide a launching point for future
research, Lee said. She hopes to investigate potential
pathways between optimism and longevity and look for
explanations for these findings.

A. Write your summary from these reading text!

Based on the text above, we can imply that researchers believe the
secret of having a long life is simply by being an optimistic person;
those people that optimistic were likely past the age of 85 rather
than those people that pessimistic. It proved by some studies and
the result is the samples that are optimistic are mostly not having
any significant health problems. Communities could boost
optimism by increasing access to the arts or providing volunteer
opportunities. There will be a further research and studies about
this issue to investigate more about the pathway between optimism
and longevity and look for explanations for these findings.
B. Write T if the statements that are true, according to
the reading text. Write F if the statements that are
false.
1. When researchers accounted for these
variables, they still not found that optimism was
associated with people living significantly
longer. ( False, they found that optimism was
associated with people living significantly )
2. Researchers focus on finding risk factors the
heighten the likelihood of
falling ill ( True )
3. These findings reinforce the value of looking at
psychosocial assets and not just deficits in
overall health and health outcomes. ( True )
4. A new study published Monday by researchers
at Boston University adds to the evidence that
optimistic men and women may live longer than
those who are pessimistic.( True )
5. Survival outcomes were tracked through 2004. (
False, it were tracked until 2014 )

C. Write the missing word in the phrases. Choose from

these words:
Target Disease
Processes Assessment
Longer Degrees
 Living …… Potential ……
Advanced …… Cardiovascular ……
Optimism …… Aging ……

Answer:

Living Longer Potential Target

Advanced Degrees Cardiovascular Disease
Si Optimism Assessment Aging Processes
gn
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