ILL EFFECTS OF NOISE WATER AND AIR POLLUTION.

Selection of the project-

Pollution is one of the major problems today and various organizations/
institutions are taking the necessary steps to avoid or decrease pollution.
Noise, air and water pollution are the major types of pollution. Pollution of all
kinds has negative effects on the environment and wildlife and often impacts
human health and well-being. This topic is being selected to highlight the ill
effects that are caused by pollution on the environment

Objectives – (4-5 objectives)

 To understand what noise pollution is and to review the problems that

arise due to noise pollution
 To find the sources of noise pollution and review the impact and steps
should be do reduce noise pollution.
 To learn about water pollution, the causes, and harmful effects of water
pollution.
 To acquire knowledge about air pollution and the harmful effects of Air
pollution on plants, animals, human beings.

Review of literature –

Relevance of the topic- Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases such as lung
cancer, even in people who have never smoked a day in their life. Polluted water can carry diseases —
and more than 1.2 billion people don’t even have clean water to drink or use to wash. Pollution has a
negative impact on our health. Humans aren’t the only creatures on this planet that are negatively affected
by pollution. Water pollution upsets ecosystems on both land and sea, either by directly killing plants and
 animals or encouraging the growth of toxic algae. Even light and noise pollution are dangerous to
animals.

Proposed methodology-
Description of the method followed-
Observation-
Observation

Noise pollution
Noise pollution has become a serious problem for human health. Noise
pollution means an unwanted or undesirable sound that leads to physical and
mental problems. Noise pollution is dependent on the loudness and frequency
of the sound. In fact, when the sound exceeds its limit, it becomes fatal for
human and other organisms. Noise beyond a limit produces many diseases,
such as hypertension, stress, making people vulnerable to forgetfulness,
depression, insomnia, and many other serious ailments. Noise is also very
dangerous for nature as a whole because it disturbs the tranquility of all
creatures and increases mortality rate in them.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION.

Noise pollution may cause temporary or permanent hearing impairment.

The most direct harmful effect of excessive noise falls on the ears. Many
times, extreme noise ruptures the ear drums.

 You cannot only be deaf but can also come in the grip of deadly illnesses like
impotence and cancer, besides problems such as lack of memory,
concentration, and interruption in speech, irritation, irritability, stress and
depression.

 The noise not only creates irritability, anger, but can also increase the amount
of cholesterol in the blood, which contracts blood vessels, increasing the
likelihood of cardiovascular disease.
 Health experts believe that rising noise gives rise to neurological disease,
nervous breakdown, hypertension, vision, dizziness, excessive sweating,
exhaustion

 As rapid noise hinders sleep, insomnia has adverse effects on human

functioning. The person becomes irritable, angry, tired and tense, and he even
becomes neurotic or crazy.

 Exposure to the noise of 180 decibels intensity may result in the death of man.

 Due to excessive noise, there is a decrease in the production of digestive

juices.

 Noise pollution has a lot of adverse effect on infants and women, sometimes
due to loud velocity of sound, women also undergo miscarriage or the fetus’s
heart stops and the entire behaviour of the infant can change.

 The effect of noise is dangerous for animal life too. Due to continuous noise,
their habitat decreases and the threatened creatures reach the brink of
extinction. The most notable of the deadly effects of noise pollution is that
some species of whale die due to noise.

 Noise pollution has extremely harmful effects on other organisms and

vegetation. Due to frequent noise, animals and birds leave their habitat and
move away. Animals and birds migrate from the forest areas near the mining
areas and high traffic roads. Due to acute sound waves, birds may even stop
laying eggs..

 The sound effects of noise pollution caused by nuclear explosions spread

through hundreds of kilometers so that biodiversity is threatened...

According to a recent study, traffic noise increases the risk of heart failure.
Road, rail traffic noise, noise during air travel, have a profound effect on the
person’s heart.
2) Observation

The sources of noise pollution are divided into two categories:

Natural sources
The natural environment is filled with various sounds – thunderstorms,
lightning, tornado, cyclone, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides,
sounds produced by animals, and rapidly falling water.

Human sources Rapid industrialization, urbanization, use of modern means

of transport, population growth, and increasing scale of human activities are
some of the human factors responsible for noise pollution. Both types of noise
pollution, affect sleep, listening ability, physical and mental health.

Vehicular Noise: The modern means of traffic including vehicles such as

buses, trucks, cars, aircraft, firecrackers, explosives etc, pollute the
atmosphere. Excessive use of loudspeakers for religious purposes also
generates jarring noise.
Industrial Noise: Noise pollution is an integral part of the industrial
environment with heavy machines used in the industries; it is on the rise with
the increase in industrial urbanization.
Domestic Noise: As the houses in the cities are quite adjacent, the amount of
domestic noise is increasing. The noise of radio, television, instrumentation
and various types of sounds are constantly occurring around us, which cause
mental health problems, stress, deafness etc.
Construction activities: Unbridled construction is also a reason for noise
pollution outside the home
Fireworks: Fireworks are another source of pollution. Uncontrolled
fireworks in festivals, fairs, or crackers after victory in matches and elections
produce unbearable noise.

Prevention of noise pollution

Considering the widespread ill-effects of noise pollution, measures need to be

taken to control them.
 Factories, which mainly produce noise pollution, should be established far
away from settlements, forests, reservoirs and hilly areas.

 Settlements should not be located at least within 20 kilometers from mining

areas, and airports. Explosives should be not used in mountainous, forest and
mining areas.

 With proper maintenance of vehicles, along with the restriction of high sound
horns, the use of advanced technology silencer should be used inevitably.

 Use of horn in public places (hospital, teaching institutes etc.) should be

banned.

 The sound of musical instruments should be controlled to desirable limits.

The use of sound amplifiers of high power, DJ, etc should be banned in
religious, social, political events.

 There should be control over noise generated from machine and equipment.

 The use of sound absorber acoustic tiles should be encouraged in the

construction of multi-storied buildings.

 In industrial, commercial and hospital buildings, adequate soundproof

systems should be installed.

 Planting green trees along the road side reduces the intensity of noise
pollution. Dense tree cover is very useful in the prevention of noise pollution.
Such trees help in absorbing high sound waves, as well as deflecting them into
the atmosphere.

 Protective tools (ear plugs etc.) should be provided for workers.

 Limits should be set on noise and control over noise pollution by legal
provisions. Adequate health education on pollution should be provided
through government agencies and voluntary institutions.
Water pollution
(What causes and effects)- Today, we have to face several types of pollution
– air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, etc. But the
pollution that affects the largest number of people is water pollution. Water
pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other
body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or
the environment.

The major causes of water pollution in India are as follows:

Chemical Waste: The main sources of water pollution are industries.

Chemical waste from our industries and factories is directly accumulated into
rivers and ponds. This waste is highly toxic. This even makes water poisonous
leading to the death of creatures living in water bodies. After drinking this
water, many animals die, and many people fall sick.
Garbage: There are many more factors for water pollution other than
industries. Thousands of tons of trash (garbage) flowing out of our cities and
villages find their way in rivers. As chemical fertilizers and drugs are being
used for farming too, water sources are getting severely undermined.
Contamination of sea water: Further, the fusion of polluted rivers into the
sea aggravates water pollution. Growing pile of unusable plastic through is
discharged into the sea. Many times due to accidents, fuel of vessels spills into
the sea. The oil spill spreads far away in the sea and makes a layer on sea
water. Due to it, countless living creatures die in the water.
Domestic waste effluents
The acts of people bathing, washing clothes, bathing the animals, and cleaning
utensils in the ponds and canals, also lead to contamination of water sources.
In homes, as a result of various daily chores, domestic waste effluents
(sewage) are discharged into drains and eventually into water bodies. Such
effluents include rotten fruits and vegetables, kitchen stove ashes produced in
homes, different kind of rubbish, rags of clothing, detergent substances, dirty
water and other waste material.
Other reasons There are some cities along the banks of the river where after
the death of a person, his body is drained into the water. The body rots
increases the number of bacteria in the water, which emits foul smell and the
water gets polluted.

Effects

Harming growth of aquatic plants- Aquatic plants get severely affected due
to water pollution. In the polluted water of the rivers, some aquatic weed as
aquatic ferns and water hyacinth start increasing. Similarly, the sewage water
getting mixed into the water of the rivers, helps in the increase of fungus,
algae, bacteria, etc which start to erupt faster.
Suffocating aquatic creatures- Polluted water reduces the level of oxygen
in it. Fish and other aquatic organisms start dying due to lack of oxygen in the
polluted water. Hydrocarbons in the oil spread on the surface of the oceans
due to which marine and aquatic organisms do not get the oxygen and they
die consequently. Polluted water also negatively impacts the breeding power
of aquatic life. It makes fish and plants deficient in their ability to regenerate
and reproduce.
Spoiling Natural beauty- Contaminated water is not only unsuitable for
drinking but also for agriculture purposes. It is also responsible for destroying
the beauty of the lakes and rivers.

Human life- Polluted water leads to the worst effect on human health.
Contaminated water contains a variety of disease-causing bacteria that results
in several types of ailment. Various diseases like polio, cholera, jaundice, viral
fever etc are spread through polluted water. Polluted water contains lead
which, when consumed by the humans while drinking leads to producing
various ailments such as joint pain, kidney disease and heart disease in them.

Children often get sick if they drink polluted water and sometimes they even
die due to intensity of the diseases. Polluted water is like poison for human
beings. Large amounts of chloride in drinking water deform the spine which
becomes snaky and their teeth go yellow. It also increases the risk of kidney
diseases.
If the polluted water gets stagnated, it becomes a breeding ground for
mosquito and many other parasites.

Composition of nitrate resulting from fertilizer and chemicals used in

agricultural lands, waste dumps or pit latrines causes contamination of the
groundwater.

Radioactive substances produced from nuclear explosions also reach the

water bodies and makes drinking water severely contaminated. If one uses
this water, one can fall a victim to terrible diseases like cancer.

Air pollution
Observation 4 (What, effects)

Man’s reckless pursuit of material comforts has polluted the air to alarming
levels. Growth in industries, vehicles, urbanization is among the major
components which increase air pollution. Thermal power plants, cement, iron
industry, oil purifier industry, mine, and petrochemical industry too
contribute to air pollution. When natural elements, after mixing with the outer
elements, get activated in a destructive direction, leaving their normal actions,
this action is called “pollution.” In the context of this definition, air pollution is
the state in which the internal structure of the air is affected due to the
presence of dust, smoke, toxic gas, chemical vapor, scientific experiments etc,
that is, when air becomes harmful for humans and its environment. Gases
such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc. are present in
our atmosphere in a certain proportion. If the proportion of their presence
changes then the atmosphere gets impure. These gases along with
hydrocarbons, and dust pollute the atmosphere.

Air Pollution – a threat to healthy life

Air pollution is a big threat to the healthy life of living beings on the earth due
to its various adverse effects, such as global warming and climate change
which impacts human health badly. .
Air pollution is also associated with diseases of respiratory system, and brain,
apart from heart attack.

Due to air pollution, the temperature of Earth increases. Due to the sudden
increase in temperature, the number of diseases like diarrhea, stomach ache,
vomiting, headache, fever and body pain also increases. Increase in heat
causes problems of skin scalding and itching. Due to the increase in the
amount of dust and soil in the polluted air, in most people many types of skin
diseases start to occur.

Lung Diseases
Pollution has a profound effect on our health as it aggravates asthma, and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which includes diseases such as
chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Air pollution has a very bad effect on the human body. Allergens or chemical
elements present in the air produce various diseases. Air pollution has been
found to be leading cause of lung diseases, especially in children.

Apart from this, many kinds of allergies are disturbing people. Pollution
elements increase in the summer season. The higher amount of Respirable
Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) in the air can be dangerous for health
because it causes many respiratory diseases.

Cancer
Air pollution increases the risk of lung cancer. Already it has been identified
that there is a direct connection in polluted air and lung diseases such as
asthma. Rapidly increasing pollution tends to result into the outbreak of lung
cancer as well. Recent studies have highlighted that there is a deep relation
between air pollution and lung cancer and various cardiovascular diseases.
Although smoking is known to be one of the biggest causes of lung cancer, a
large number of people have become victims of cancer due to the pollution
present in their immediate environment.
Among the major reasons for the rapid increase in lung cancer, tumour and
tuberculosis outbreaks in our country are smoking and air pollution. People
who live in congested and small houses where there is no access to sunshine
and air, or go to work at a place where the environment is filled with fine
particles of smoke, dust, cotton fibres or various metals, are extremely prone
to the risk of lung cancer. The chlorofluorocarbon gas released from the
refrigerator is harming the ozone surface in the environment, which is
increasing the risk of skin cancer (melanoma).

Cardiovascular disease
Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide
increases the risk of heart attack. This risk can affect the population from 0.6 to 4.5
percent.

Cough, pain in chest, noise coming while breathing, breathlessness, and pain of
throat can also be the symptoms of breathing in contaminated air in the
atmosphere. Those with weak heart have proven vulnerability for air pollution.
Cardiovascular disease is caused by weakening of cardiac muscles and inability to
transmit blood in the body. Breathing in contaminated air for a long time increases
the risk of people suffering from heart disease. As the heat grows, air pollution is
also increased in the city. Air pollution has also found to be associated with
increased incidence of coronary stroke.

Brain disorders
Air pollution can also affect the brain functioning of the people living in mega cities.
Researchers have brought this fact to light that there is always a possibility that
people living in bigger cities or metros have nanoparticles in their brain due to air
pollution.

Air pollution can cause brain damage in such a way that today it has emerged as the
new risk to health. Earlier, air pollution was held to be responsible for heart and
respiratory diseases only, but according to a new research, air pollution in bigger
and congested cities injects millions of particles of air pollutants in our brain.
Millions of magnetic pulp particles have been found in one million brain tissues in
some people after examination. These particles can cause long-term damage to our
brain.

Most of the magnetite, the compound of magnetic iron oxide, found in human brain
is produced mainly due to polluted air coming out of industries in high quantity.
When the patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease were examined, the doctors
found that those patients have high concentration of magnetite in their brains.
Obviously, this research has exposed the new environmental risks associated with
brain diseases.

A large part of the pollution particles reaches the body through respiration and pass
down the trachea, through the two tubes called bronchi, each of which is attached to
lungs. Even if a small part of it reaches the mind, it can adversely affect the nervous
system. The magnetic pollutant particles could stop the sounds and signals reaching
the brain, which could also lead to Alzheimer’s disease.

Kidney disease
Because of air pollution, the people already had problems like asthma and difficulty
in breathing, etc. Now according to a recent research, it has also become the cause of
kidney diseases. It has been revealed that air pollution increases the probability of
developing membranous nephropathy (a kidney disease that can occur by itself or
in conjunction with several other diseases), which is a major cause of kidney failure.

Threat to pregnant women, unborn and newborn babies

The time between pregnancy and childbirth is considered to be the most important
for any woman. There is always a threat to the health of a baby before and after the
birth. If the pregnant women spend their life in polluted air, there always remains a
threat of various diseases like brain deformity, asthma and improper growth of the
brain to their unborn child, according to gynecologists and child specialists of major
hospitals. If a pregnant woman breathes in polluted air continuously, the unborn
child can even die. Doctors have even noticed that the children of such women also
end to develop pneumonia and weak resistance to diseases.

Analysis-
Conclusion-Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems caused
by human activities that we should overcome to see a tomorrow and
guarantee our descendants a healthy life. There are many environmental
concerns for communities around the world to address. We should always
remember that pollution problems affect us all so each of us has to do his or
her best to help restore ecological balance. The only way to control current
environmental issues is to implement conservation methods and create
sustainable development strategies. We should find some effective solutions
in order to restore our ecological balance. Much is being done to control,
monitor and rectify damage done by pollutants. The problems are diverse
and some are only being recognised but it is important to keep a close control
over pollutants so that we can maintain the environment in an acceptable
condition for future generations

Reference-
Project report-
https://www.indiacelebrating.com/environmental-issues/air-pollution/

Spoken about air pollution-----^

https://www.indiacelebrating.com/environmental-issues/noise-pollution/

Noise

https://www.indiacelebrating.com/environmental-issues/water -pollution/

Water

https://www.indiacelebrating.com/environmental-issues/diseases-caused-by-noise-pollution/

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gas-chembur-2658 (Chembur gas chamber) assign 1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chembur same as above