Exercise No.

1
Worksheet: Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Tejeros Convention (1897)

Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez Secondary Source: Teodoro Agoncillo’s

“Memoirs of a General” “Revolt of the Masses”

Author’s background
When was the account written?
Santiago Alvarez (July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930) was a
revolutionary general and a founder and honorary president
of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party. Also known
as "Kidlat ng Apoy" (Lightning of Fire) because of his
inflamed bravery and dedication as commander of Cavite's
famous battles (particularly that in Dalahican), he was
rejoiced in the present-day Cavite City as the “Hero” of the
Battle of Dalahican.
On January 1927, Santiago Alvarez started writing his
memoirs. It was published by Ateneo de Manila University in
1992.
Teodoro A. Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985)
was one of the pre-eminent Filipino historians of the 20th
century. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were
among the first Filipino historians who earned renown for
promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view of Filipino
history (nationalist historiography). He was also an essayist
and a poet.
It was written in 1947 and was published by the University of
the Philippines in 1956.

Mention of Date (s) March 25, 1897

- assemby at Tejeros was finally convened.
March 27, 1897
- eyewitnesses who had spied on the proceeding revealed
that, indeed, a meeting had taken place at the tanza parish
house and that the Supremo's decisions regarding the
election at the friar estate house were not respected
Mention of Place

Key personal ties

Sequencing of events 1. The essembly at Tejeros was finally convened.
2. Secretary of War Ariston Villanueva received a
confidential information that Mr. Daniel Tirona was set to
undermine the proceedings of the assembly and that he had
already succeeded in enjoining many among Magdiwang
leaders to ally with him.
3. Assembly Chairman Jacinto Lumbreras declared the
assembly open and announced the main topic. Major issue
was discussed about what kind of government do they really
want and to strengthen the Magdiwang group.
4. The Supremo, Mr. Severino de las Alas, and Mr. Antonio
Montenegro argued about the government.
5. Captain General Apoy was angered by Mr. Montenegro's
stand about the revolutionary government and ordered him
to be arrested, which was stopped Dr. Jose Rizal's sister,
Trining and his widow, Josephine.
6. Mr. Lumbreras want to give his position to Bonifacio
because he thought he is the rightful chairman and Bonifacio
accepted it.
7. Bonifacio wanted to respect the decisions properly, so he
decided to have an election. Everyone agreed that the
person who got the most votes, disregarding the social
status and educational attainment will win.
8. There was a problem with the ballots but the Supremo
disregarded it. They counted the votes and Mr. Emilio
Aguinaldo won over Mr. Andres Bonifacio for President, and
the people exclaimed their joy. For Vice President, Mr.
Mariano Trias won over Mr. Mariano Alvarez. General
Vibora was elected as captain over General Apoy. Mr.
Emiliano R. de Dios was elected as the secretary of war.
Finally, Mr. Andres Bonifacio was elected as the secretary of
the interior.
9. Mr. Tirona objected on the appointment of the Supremo
as secretary of interior because Bonifacio is not a lawyer.
This angered Bonifacio because they should disregard the
social status and educational attainment. So he pointed a
pistol at Mr. Tirona who quietlyslid away in fear.
10. Bonifacio declared all the matters approved in their
meeting was null and void.
11. Aguinaldo want to have a meeting to revalidate the
 proceedings of the election meeting. But no one came, not
even Aguinaldo himself, so no meeting happened. It was
rumored that the Magdalo held their own meeting in the
parish house in Tanza.
12. The next morning, eyewitnesses revealed that a meeting
really had taken place at the Tanza parish house and that the
Supremo's decision were not respected.
13. At the gathering in Tanza parish house, those who were
elected knelt before a crucifix and they took their oaths of
office. Supremo Andres Bonifacio who was also elected in
the office was not invited.
14. Unknown to the Magdiwang Council, Magdalo posted
troops to guard the Tanza parish house for their oath taking
ceremonies. Magdalo should not admit any of the unwanted
Magdiwang partisans because if the information was leaked
out, and if they try to break into it they will be instantly
killed.
Differences between 2 accounts