Basic Load Combinations:

Where strength design or load and resistance factor design is used, structures and all portions thereof shall
resist the most critical effects from the following combinations of factored loads according to NSCP 2015:

1.4(D+F)

1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5 (Lr or R )

1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)

1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)

1.2D + 1.0E + f1L

0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H

0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H

D = dead load
E = earthquake load
F = load due to fluids
H = load due to lateral pressure of soil
L = live load
Lr = roof live load
R = rain load on roof
W = load due to wind pressure

The following material properties shall be assumed for the design and analysis if the concrete and steel
conforms to the Standard Construction Specifications:

Concrete:
Compressive strength, f’c at 28 days = 4000 psi = 27.6 MPa
Unit Weight = 150 pcf = 23.6 kN/m3

Steel reinforcement:
Yield strength fy = 60,000 psi = 420MPa
Modulus of elasticity Es = 29,000 ksi = 200 GPa

Specified Concrete Cover:

Non-prestressed cast-in-place concrete mebers shall have specified concrete cover for reinforcement at least
that given in the table:
Concrete Exposure Member Reinforcement Specified Concrete
Cover(mm)
 Cast against and
permanently in contact All All 75
with ground

20 mm dia through
Exposed to weather or 50
All 58mm dia bars
in contact with ground
16 mm dia bar 40

40 mm dia and 58 mm
40
dia bars
Slabs, joists and walls
Not exposed to weather 36 mm dia bar and
20
or in contact with smaller
ground
Beams, columns Primary reinforcements,
pedestals and tension stirrups, ties, spirals 40
ties and hoops

Minimum Thickness:
Overall slab thickness shall not be less than h:
Support Condition Minimum h

Simply supported L/20

One end continuous L/24

Both ends continuous L/28

Cantilever L/10

L = longer width
𝑓𝑦
For fy other than 420MPa the value of h in the table shall be multiplied by 0.4 + 700

Minimum Steel Reinforcements:

For flexural reinforcements and shrinkage and temperature reinforcement bars:
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement Asmin shall be provided in accordance with:

Reinforcement type fy Asmin

Deformed bars <420MPa .0020Ag

 Defored bars or welded wire ≥ 420 MPa (.0018 x 420)(Ag / Fy)
reinforcement
.0014Ag

Asmin = minimum steel reinforcement area

Ag = area gross of cross-section

Spacing:
Maximum spacing shall be in accordance with:

Max. spacing for MRSB for

Max. spacing for MRSB
shrinkage and temp bars

1000/N 1000/N

450 mm 450 mm

3h 5h

N = no. of steel reinforcement bars

h = thickness of slab

Shear Reinforcement:
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑠
Vn = Nominal shear strength
Vc = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete
Vs = Nominal shear strength provided by steel
Av = area of shear reinforcement
s = spacing of shear reinforcement
𝜆 = 1.0 (normal weight)

Lap length:

As per IS Code 456-2000 overlapping length should not be less than 75mm or 50d, where d is the diameter
of the reinforcement bar.

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 Design dimensions for Context 1
 DESIGN DIMENSIONS

Freeboard 0.8 m

Depth of flood 1.5 m

NGL to base of Floodwall 2.3 m

Base of floodwall 8.5 m

twall 2.2 m

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 Gravity floodwall dimensions

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2 Summary of loads

Forces (kN/m Moment Arm (m) Moment (kNm/m)

Hydrostatic 103.7898 1.53333333333333 159.14436

Hydrodynamic 2.254 2.3 5.1842

Active Earth Pressure 6.16285 0.766666666666667 4.72485166666667

Passive Earth Pressure 55.33273296 0.768615452684483 3.90028267569363

Seismic Force (1) 5.0873252291656 0.766666666666667 3.90028267569363

 Seismic Force (2) 0.698707897786519 0.766666666666667 0.535676054969664

Buoyant (1) 49.6386 5.66666666666667 281.2854

Buoyant (2) 40.5291891669596 2.83333333333333 114.832702639719

Weight of structure (1) 238.832 7.4 1767.3568

Weight of structure (2) 282.492 4.2 1186.4664

Frictional Force 248.928154387235 - -

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-3 Factor of safety against sliding

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING

Resisting Force 304.959595245021 kN/m

Sliding Force 117.293975229166 kN/m

FS 1.50108736670127 > 1.5 SAFE!

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-4 Factor of safety against overturning

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING

Resisting Moment 2996.88846964729 kNm/m

Overturning Moment 569.071796982079 kNm/m

FS 5.26627481020935 > 2 SAFE!

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-5 Soil Pressure

SOIL PRESSURE

Net vertical force 431.156210833041 kN/m

Eccentricity 1.38094445044502 m < B/6 OK!

Allowable Bearing capacity 115.362804337082 kN/m2

Soil pressure at heel 1.27904681428527 kN/m2 < qall OK!

Soil pressure at toe 100.169473381724 kN/m2 < qall OK!

Note: Typical qall for clay loam is between 75 kPa -150 kPa.

Steel Reinforcements:

Reinforcements at the wall at water side:

Main Reinforcement Steel Bars per one meter

Maximum factored load using load combination: 210.994486947776 kNm
Bar diameter 16 mm
No. of Bars 7
Spacing 140 mm
Lap Length 75 mm
Maximum Capacity 215.14558281411 kNm >Mreq OK!

Shrinkage and Temperature Bars per one meter

Minimum Required area of Rebar 900 mm2

Bar diameter 16 mm
No. of Bars 5
Spacing 200 mm
Actual Steel reinforcement area 1005.30964914873 mm2 OK!

Shear Reinforcement per one meter

Maximum factored shear force 55.6025349942065 kN

Shear force produced by concrete 372.4255925148 kN > Vn

No shear reinforcement needed!

Reinforcements at the base:

Main Reinforcement Steel Bars per one meter

Maximum factored load using load combination: 444.369726335325 kNm
Bar diameter 16 mm
No. of Bars 14
Spacing 70 mm
Lap Length 75 mm
Maximum Capacity 842.493995801238 kNm >Mreq OK!

Shrinkage and Temperature Bars per one meter

Minimum Required area of Rebar 1620 mm2

Bar diameter 16 mm
No. of Bars 9
Spacing 110 mm
Actual Steel reinforcement area 1809.55736846772 mm2 OK!
 Shear Reinforcement per one meter
Maximum factored shear force 517.387452999649 kN

Shear force produced by concrete 729.668367109333 kN > Vn

No shear reinforcement needed!