ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Organic Chemistry

Describes the structures, properties,

preparation and reactions of a vast of
molecules that we call organic
compounds. (Robert 2013)

Contains CARBON

Carbon Skeletons (H,N,O,S and

Halogens) (Seager and Slabaugh 1994)
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Functional Groups

A functional group is a portion

of a molecule that is a
recognizable/classified group
of bound atoms. (Ouellette
2018)
The functional group gives the
molecule its properties,
regardless of the molecule
(Hardinger 2008)

They are centers of chemical

reactivity.
Functional Groups

A A A B A A E A K E C
L L L E M L T L E S A
K K K N I C H D Y T R
A E Y Z N O E E T E B
N N N E E H R H O R O
E E E N O Y N X
E L D E Y
E L
I
C
Benzene Ring

Benzene ring is a functional

group that constitutes a special
ring of carbons with alternating
single and double bonds

Aromatic compound
Friedrich August Kekule

Discovered the true nature of

benzene ring

He pictured that benzene is

shaped like Ouroboros (Snake
eating its own tail)
Friedrich August Kekule
Applications

Benzene is used as an additive

to fuels. It increases the octane
rating and reduces “knocking”
of gasolines
Octane rating directly affects
the efficiency/energy density of
the fuel. (Dabelstein et al 2007)
Knocking occurs when
combustion of some of the
air/fuel mixture in the cylinder
does not result from
propagation of the flame front
References
John. (1957). From Alchemy to Chemistry. pp. 179–180. ISBN 9780486286907.

Hardinger S. 2008. Lecture Supplement. Hayden-McNeil Publishing Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/notes/FG_01.pdf

Kaiser, R. (1968). "Bicarburet of Hydrogen. Reappraisal of the Discovery of Benzene in 1825 with the Analytical Methods of 1968". Angewandte
Chemie International Edition in English. 7 (5): 345–350. doi:10.1002/anie.196803451

Robert J. Ouellette, J. David Rawn. 2018.Organic Chemistry (Second Edition), Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/covalent-bond

Neuman Robert. 2013. Organic Chemistry. University of California. pp 2-4 Retrieved from:
https://people.chem.ucsb.edu/neuman/robert/orgchembyneuman.book/00%20Introduction/00A%20AboutTheBook/AboutBook-Old.pdf

Seager S, Slabaugh M. 1994. Organic and Biochemistry for Today.Cengage Learning. pp 5-13 ISBN 10: 0534372902 Retrieved from:
https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/index_2353/Chapter_01_2SPP.pdf

Organic Chemistry. Retreived from: http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kech205.pdf

Kekulé, F. A. (1865). "Sur la constitution des substances aromatiques". Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de Paris. 3: 98–110.
References
Dabelstein W, Reglitzky A.Schütze A, Reders K.(2007). "Automotive Fuels" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2