Agro-techniques for Kalmegh
z Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae),
commonly known as kalmegh, is used as
a wonder drug in traditional and tribal
medicine
z Its extract exhibits anti-typhoid, anti-fungal,
anti-hepototoxic, anti-biotic, anti-malarial,
anti-hepatitic, anti-thrombogenic and in
general used as an immunostimulant
Dry biomass yield of Kalmegh at harvest
z Kalmegh produce higher dry biomass
yield (the economic yield as well) during
summer (Jan-May) than kharif season.
z Summer crop requires 4-5 irrigations to
produce higher yield while the fairly
distributed rainfall is sufficient for the
kharif crop.
z Kalmegh should be grown during
summer season under irrigated condition
with 45 x 30 cm spacing along with basal
application of FYM @ 12.5 t/ha to get
higher biomass yield and net returns
under Island conditions.
Black pepper cultivation on double
hedgerows of Gliricidia sepium
Advantage
1. Harvesting of pepper berries becomes
easy, by local made small ladder.
2. It provides 6 times greater cover, to
spread with pepper vines, compared to
its traditional cultivation on arecanut
palm.
Black pepper cultivation on Gliricidia hedgerows
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Method
1. Double hedgerows are raised, with
rooted stem cutting (50 cm length and 10
cm diameter) of Gliricidia sepium, on
sloppy / upland.
2. Within a hedgerow plant to plant
distance (Glricidia) is 50 cm.
3. Hedgerow to hedgerow distance within
a double hedgerows is 1 m.
4. Double hedgerows to double hedgerows
distance is 6 m or more.
5. Black pepper (Panniyur-1) is raised in the
space (1 m) between two hedgerows of
the double hedgerows, at 50cm distance,
closer to the hedgerows (30cm), and
pepper vies are trailed on the respective
hedgerow.
6. Space between the two double
hedgerows, called alley, is utilized for
vegetable cultivation. Black pepper cultivation on Gliricidia hedgerows
Cost of cultivation : Rs. 25,000 ha-1. Income : 1.5 lakh ha-1 from black pepper, 0.3
Yield : 1.5 to 1.8 t ha yr-1 -1
from 4 th
year lakh ha-1 from vegetable and total 1.8 lakh ha-1.
onwards.
Black pepper cultivation on Gliricidia in homegardens
Advantage 2. At two spacings, i.e. 7.5 x 7.5 m and 7.5 x
1. It makes harvesting of pepper berries 3.75 m, total 534 standards can be
easy, by local made ladder. accommodatedin one hectare coconut
2. It provides three times greater canopy plantation (7.5x7.5 m).
cover, to spread with the pepper vines, 3. Two to three seedlings (root cuttings) of
compared to its traditional cultivation on black pepper (Panniyur-5) are planted
arecanut palm. near (30cm)the each Gliricidia standard
Method during rainy season.
1. Gliricidia standards are planted between 4. The Gliricidia standards are maintained
two coconuts within a row and between at 2.5 m height and 0.75 to 0.90 m canopy
rows with rooted stem cutting (1 m spread by pruning from the 3 rd year
height and 10 cm diameter) during dry onwards.
months (February to April).

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 Black pepper cultivation on Gliricidia homegardens

Black pepper cultivation on Gliricidia live fencing of homegardens

Cost of cultivation : Rs. 20,000 ha-1. Income : Rs. 1.2 to 1.5 lakh ha-1yr-1from 6th year
Yield : 0.8 to 1.1 t ha -1yr -1 (1.5 to 2.0 kg onwards.
standard-1).
Production technology of indigenous green orchid
Eulophia andamanensis in bay Islands

Eulophia andamanensis inside Orchidarium Eulophia andamanensis in 50% agroshadenet

condition

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 Vase life experiments of Eulophia andamanensis

Potential of technology: Eulophia scale by the farmers by utilizing their land

andamanensis can be grown in open field
condition under coconut plantation with 50%
agro shade net. From the third year 3spikes/
plant with 2-3 suckers /plant and the 5th year
it produces 5-6 spikes/plant and 4-5 spikes/
plant/year in potted condition. As it has got
tremendous potential in the international
market owing to its green colour and long
spikes, it can be taken up as a business in large
Production technology of Noni
Soil and Climate :
z Can be grown in all types of soil even in
the wastelands and saline affected areas
z It grows in varied agro climatic
conditions and tropical humid climate of
under coconut plantation and also by
constructing a small shade net house, with
maintenance of appropriate climatic
parameters.
Economics: The estimated rate of the spike is
Rs.10/-/spike. If grown in 100m2, the net
profit for the farmer is estimated to be Rs.
45000-54000 at 5 years. The B/C ratio is 4.5:1.
A & N Islands are much congenial for its
better growth.
Propagation : By seeds and stem cuttings
Spacing : 4 x 4m

64
Pruning : Plants of less than 3 years of age Harvest and yield : Fruits can be harvested
should be pruned after their first production when they change their color from green to
of fruit (reduces the risk of pest and diseases). yellowish green.
Fertilizer dose : 10-20-20 kg NPK/ha

Yield :
z It yields 10kg/plant after 24 months.
z Noni yields up to 250- 300 kg/tree under better cultivation condition after 7-8 years.
Preparation of sour sop squash from sour sop plant

SOUR SOP SQUASH MOTHER PLANT OF SOUR SOP

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66
 Technology of Growing Indigenous Orchids In Coconut Shell

z Indigenous orchids like Cymbidium

z Indigenous orchids can be grown in bicolor, Dendrobium crumenatum,
coconut shell which will utilize coconut D.formosum, Oberonia iridifolia etc. were
waste effectively and fetch good income found suitable to be grown in the coconut
to farmers. shell.

Dendrobium Oberonia sp. Cymbidium Dendrobium

formosum aloifolium crumenatum
z Coconut shell should be used after ratio of (1:1:2) with proper drainage.
varnishing. It enhances beauty and
z The estimated expenditure is Rs.20/- per
durability of the coconut shell.
10 hanging pots with the net income of
z The medium for growth should be Rs.200/- per 10 hanging pots.
broken bricks, charcoal, coconut husk at
Production technology of traditional flowers in Bay Islands

MARIGOLD
Potential of technology: As the crop is free from pest
and disease attack, the farmers have opted the
technology for growing marigold in large scale which
in turn has improved their cost of living. The variety
Pusa Narangi is mostly preferred due to higher flower
production. The farmer by following this technology
has taken up 19.7q/ha in marigold with a gross return
of Rs.1, 15,400/ha.
Economics: The market value of the marigold flowers
is Rs.40/-/ kg. The B/C ratio is 3.05:1.

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 TUBEROSE
Potential of technology: Planting of bulbs at 20x20cm
with a population of 2, 00,000 plants/ha in 80%
growing area gives highest yield of spikes, flowers and
bulbs. Average yield of 4.5to 9.5tons/ha/yr in the plant
crop, 8.5 to 12.5 ton/ha/yr in the first ratoon crop and
4.0 to 5.4 ton/ha/yr in the second ratoon crop
depending on the size of bulbs .
Economics: The market value of tuberose flower is Rs.
100-150/kg and spike rate is Rs.1-2/spike. The B/C
ratio is 2.05:1.

CROSSANDRA
Potential of technology:For 1ha of crop of crossandra
about 22.5g seeds is required. The var. Aboli can be
successfully grown through out the year with the
spacing of 50x50cm accommodating 40,000plants/ ha
with the yield of 4 tonnes/ha with the net benefit of
Rs. 8, 85,000/-/ha. Successful and commercial
cultivation created a positive impact and uplifted the
socio-economic conditions of the farmers in the villages.
Economics: Crossandra is a money earner as the price
of the flowers in the various markets ranges from
Rs.300-500/-/kg .The B/C ratio is 3.90:1.

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 Post harvest technology of West Indian Cherry

Recipes for the preparation of squashfrom Recipes for preparation of preserves from
West Indian Cherry Fruit. West Indian Cherry fruit
Raw Material : Squash Raw material : For preserves
West Indian Cherry Fruit(g) : 400
West Indian Cherry fruit (g) : 400
Juice (ml) : 125
Sugar (g) : 500 Sugar (g) : 500
Water (ml) : 375
Water (ml) : 100
KMS (mg) : 8
Cost of production/litre (Rs.) : 35.00 Cost of production/kg (Rs.) : 25.00
Recipes for preparation of pickles from
West Indian Cherry fruit
Raw material : For pickles
West Indian Cherry fruit (g) : 1kg
Salt : 150g
Mustard oil : 200g
Mustard powder : 150g
Turmeric powder : 15g
Fenugreek : 25g
Cumin : 15g
Saunf : 15g Ripe and Unripe West Indian Cherry fruits
Red chilli powder : 10g
Cost of production/kg (Rs.) : 60.00
Flow diagram for the preparation of West Indian Cherry fruit squash
Syrup (500 Sugar + 375 water) Selection of West Indian cherry fruit

Heating Extraction of juice

Filtration 125ml Juice

Cooling Heating

Adding of KMS

Bottling

Storage

Preserve and pickle prepared from

West Indian cherry fruits
Dilution 1:6

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