Ma. Stella F. Arnaldo

DENR lists most polluted spots in Manila Bay area
By
Ma. Stella F. Arnaldo
January 15, 2019
885
The DENR measured the coliform levels of 19 bathing beaches and stations around Manila Bay. (Photo
courtesy DENR)
NINE out of 19 bathing beaches or stations along Manila Bay are considered to be among its most
polluted portions, according to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
These areas include the waters off the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex, which was recorded
as having a fecal coliform contamination of 1.6 billion most probable number (MPN) per 100 milliliters
(ml) in the fourth quarter of 2015. Other dangerous areas for swimming and other forms of skin contact
are the waters off the Mall of Asia with 850 million MPN/100 ml; Navotas Fishport at 2 billion MPN;
Philippine Estates Authority Tollways Corp. with 1.1 billion MPN; and Luneta Park at 900 million MPN.
The other stations and beaches that registered coliform contamination above the acceptable standard
of 1,000 MPN/100 ml were the waters off Mattel (close to 60,000 MPN/100 ml as of the first quarter of
2016); San Isidro (80,000 MPN); Celebrity Beach (50,000 MPN); and Villa Criselda (10,000 MPN).
President Duterte has announced a massive cleanup and rehabilitation of Manila Bay, which will be
spearheaded by the DENR and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The DENR
is targeting to reduce the average coliform contamination in the bay to about 250 million to 270 million
MPN/100 ml by the end of 2019.
In its presentation before the Cabinet meeting on January 7, a copy of which was obtained by the
BusinessMirror, the DENR laid out the responsibilities of other government agencies included in the
mandamus of the Supreme Court issued in 2008, ordering them to clean up the bay.
Aside from the DENR and DILG, other mandamus agencies are the departments of Education (DepEd),
Health (DOH), Agriculture (DA), Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Budget and Management (DBM),
the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Philippine National Police-Maritime Group (PNP-MG), Philippine Ports
Authority (PPA), Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), Metropolitan Waterworks and
Sewerage System (MWSS) and the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA).
DENR—Implement cleanup plan for Manila Bay and coordinate with mandamus agencies, and manage
water quality;
DILG-—Direct all local government units in Metro Manila, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga and
Bataan to inspect all factories, commercial establishments and private homes along the banks of major
and minor river systems in their areas that eventually discharge water into Manila Bay and the lands
abutting the bay, and inspect whether these have wastewater treatment facilities or hygienic septic
tanks;
MWSS—Provide, install, operate and maintain the necessary adequate wastewater treatment facilities
in Metro Manila, Rizal and Cavite where needed at the earliest time possible.
LWUA—Through local water districts and in coordination with the DENR, provide, install, operate and
maintain sewerage and sanitation facilities and ensure efficient and safe collection, treatment and
disposal of sewage in Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga and Bataan at the soonest possible time;
DA through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources—Improve and restore the marine life of
Manila Bay; and assist LGUs in developing the fisheries and aquatic resources in the bay;
PNP/PNP-MG—Apprehend violators of PD 979 (revising PD 600 on marine pollution), RA 8550

(Development Management and Conservation of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources), and other existing
laws and regulations designed to prevent marine pollution in the Manila Bay;
PPA—Adopt measures to prevent discharge and dumping of solid and liquid wastes and other ship-
generated wastes into Manila Bay from vessels docked at ports, and apprehend the violators;
MMDA—Dismantle and remove all structures, constructions and other encroachments established or
built in violation of RA 7279 (Urban Development and Housing Act) and other applicable laws along the
Pasig-Marikina-San Juan Rivers, the National Capital Region (Parañaque-Zapote, Las Piñas) Rivers and
connecting waterways and esteros in Metro Manila; as well as establish and maintain sanitary landfill
within its territorial jurisdiction;
DPWH—Remove and demolish all structures, constructions and other encroachment built in breach of
RA 7279 and other applicable laws in rivers in Bulacan, Bataan, Cavite and Laguna de Bay and other
rivers connecting waterways and esteros that discharge wastewater into the Manila Bay;
DOH—Determine if all licensed septic and sludge companies have the proper facilities for the treatment
and disposal of fecal sludge and sewage coming from septic tanks;
DepEd—Integrate lessons on pollution prevention, waste management, environmental protection in

school curricula of all levels to inculcate importance of achieving and maintaining a balanced and
healthful ecosystem in the Manila Bay; and
DBM—Consider incorporating adequate budget in the General Appropriations Act to

cover expenses relating to cleanup, restoration and preservation of the water quality of
the Manila Bay.
1. Six river systems drain into Manila Bay (Photo courtesy DENR)
In an interview, DENR Undersecretary for Attached Agencies Sherwin S. Rigor confirmed about P46
billion is needed for the complete rehabilitation and cleanup of Manila Bay. “But we don’t need this
amount immediately this year,” he said, even as Malacañang gave its nod to using the road user’s tax to
fund the cleanup.
While lawmakers have yet to approve legislation abolishing the Road Board, Rigor said, government
agencies tasked to undertake the cleanup “can use our respective budgets.” The DENR alone will be
spending some P1.75 billion over three years to deploy silt curtains, install temporary sewerage
treatment plants, and recharge aquifers. (See, “Road funds also eyed for Manila Bay cleanup,” in
the BusinessMirror, January 9, 2019).
Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes
 YOU ARE HERE:
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 CURRENT:TOXIC CHEMICALS AND HAZARDOUS WASTES
REGULATED CHEMICALS
Inventory of Mercury, Cyanide, Asbestos, Ozone
Depleting Substances (ODS), Polychlorinated
Biphenyls and Lead
In accordance with RA 6969, chemicals that pose threat to human health and the environment are
regulated in terms of import, manufacture, sale, use, distribution, and disposal. These regulated
chemicals include the following: mercury, cyanide, asbestos, ozone depleting substances and
polychlorinated biphenyls and lead.
As of 2017, the EMB XI had already issued an aggregate number of 39 chemical control order
registration certificates categorized as follows: 2 for cyanide, 2 for ozone depleting substances and 35
for polychlorinated biphenyls. There are three (3) companies issued importation clearances to import
cyanide namely: Apex Mining Co., Inc., Guemdol Corporation and Triune Trading Corporation.
Inventory of HW Generators, Transporters, and
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSD)
Hazardous wastes are likewise controlled to ensure that industrial development in the country is
attained in an environmentally sound manner and that the human and environmental impacts caused
by industrial activities are generally reduced. Regulation comes in the form of generation, transport,
storage, re-use/recycling, treatment and disposal of the various hazardous wastes.
As of 2017, the EMB XI office had already registered a total of 113 Hazardous Wastes Generators
(HWGs) through the Online Manifest System Registration.
There were twelve (12) registered for Treatment, Storage and Disposal (TSD) facilities in 2017. Of the 12
registered TSD facilities, 10 firms applied for renewal and 2 were new registrants.Policies,
Programs and Projects
Policies
The policies and programs with respect to RA 6969 implementation are translated into DENR
Administrative Orders to include the following:
DENR Administrative Order:
No. 29, series of 1992 – IRR of Republic Act 6060 “Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990”;
No. 36, series of 2004 – Revising DENR Administrative Order No. 29 series of 1992, to further define the
implementation of R.A. 6969 and prescribing the use of the Procedural Manual;
No. 22, series of 2013 – Revised Procedures and Standards for the Management of Hazardous Wastes
(Revising DAO 2004-36)
No. 38, series of 1997 – Chemical Control Order for Mercury and Mercury Compounds;
No. 39, series of 1997 – Chemical Control Order for Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds;
No. 02, series of 2000 – Chemical Control Order for Asbestos:
No. 01, series of 2004 – Chemical Control Order for Polychlorinated Biphenyls;
No. 08, series of 2004 – Revised Chemical Control Order for Ozone Depleting Substances.
No. 23, series of 2013 –Chemical Control Order for Lead and Lead Compound
Memorandum Circular:
No. 003, series of 2017- Guidelines for Site Characterization
No. 004, series of 2017- Guidelines for Site Remediation
No. 011, series of 2017- Prescribing the requirement of Environmental Compliance Certificate for the
Issuance of Importation Clearance for Recyclable Materials containing Hazardous Waste.
The chemical control order as prescribed in the foregoing DAOs prohibits, limits, and regulates the use,
manufacture, import, export, transport, processing, storage, possession and sale of priority chemicals.
Legislation and Policy
Republic Act 6969

The Republic Act 6969 otherwise known as “Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control
Act of 1990” is the overarching law of all policies, regulations, and guidelines pertaining to toxic
chemicals and hazardous and nuclear wastes in the Philippines. The law was enacted to: protect the
public and the environment from the risk or potential dangers in the use or exposure to chemicals from
long term damage brought about by careless handling or disposal of hazardous wastes; and to regulate
the use, movement and disposal of chemicals, hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country.
Other policies pertaining to regulation and control of toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear
wastes in the country are anchored by the following multi-lateral environmental agreements:
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their
Disposal
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their
Disposal is an international protocol on liability and compensation for damage resulting from
movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal. It defines international rules and procedures
pertaining movement and disposal of hazardous wastes which ensure environmental soundness.
The Basel Convention was adopted by the Conference of the Plenipotentiaries on 22 March 1989 in
Basel, Switzerland and was ratified by the Philippine Senate on 21 October 1993. It was entered into
force on 1 January 1994 with the EMB as the national focal point.
The Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
The Montreal Protocol is the global response to the imminent destruction of the ozone layer. It is an
agreement forged among 129 countries including the Philippines to make immediate and stringent
actions toward the phasing-out of ODS. The Philippines ratified the Montreal Protocol on 17 July 1991,
to phase out the use of ODS particularly chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) on CY 2010.
Further reduction in CFC consumption is addressed through the voucher system. The system will
provide financial assistance to accredited refrigeration and service shops to purchase tools and
equipment for better servicing, maintenance and installation of appliances, and air-conditioning in
motor vehicles. Other sectors being regulated are foam and refrigeration manufacturing and the
metered-dose inhalers. To control and regulate use, importation, and distribution of methyl bromide,
DENR and DA’s Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority jointly developed a strategy and have started to review
licensing and permit in the purchase of methyl bromide.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
The Philippines ratified the Stockholm Convention in February 2004. A National Implementation Plan
(NIP) on how the country will phase out sources of POPs and remediate contaminated sites had been
prepared as well as the inventory of POPs and assessment of national infrastructure and institutional
capacity.
Challenges (Issues and Concerns)
Toxic Chemicals – Chemical Control Orders
CCO for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
In line with the HCFC Phase-out Management Plan (HPMP) of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP), a sub-project for the Expansion of the Collection, Transport and Storage (CTS) of
Recovered Refrigerants was made. To implement this, two firms from Region XI was chosen by the
HPMP-Project Management Unit from EMB Central Office as designated depository sites to cater and
store recovered mixed, contaminated and adulterated refrigerants including ODS alternatives to assist
service shops, chiller owners and other ODS/refrigerant alternative handlers.
CCO for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
In line with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Project on PCB
Management Programs for Electric Cooperative (ECs) and Safe E-waste Management, a target of 600
tons of PCB wastes from eligible ECs should be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. EMB-
Region XI initiated the conduct of monitoring on the three (3) Electric Cooperatives namely, Davao del
Sur Electric Cooperative, Inc. (DASURECO), Davao del Norte Electric Cooperative, Inc. (DANECO) and
Davao Oriental Electric Cooperative, Inc. (DORECO); however, only DANECO storage site was successfully
monitored. Said storage site was observed to have no proper storage and labeling for its PCB wastes
including capacitors and transformers awaiting for disposal.
Hazardous Waste Management
During the year under review, disposal of busted bulbs, impregnated polybags, used vegetable oil and
healthcare waste were the major concerns for hazardous waste management.
Busted Bulbs
Almost all industries, especially commercial establishments, still store on-site their accumulated busted
bulbs or hazardous waste categorized as D407. Many of them are canvassing or want a local treater
since outside treaters would incur greater costs. As per records, there are still no accredited TSD Facility
for busted bulbs in Region XI.
Impregnated Polybags
Since many banana plantations are in Region XI, a lot of used impregnated polybags are being generated
by said plantations. This year, stringent monitoring as to the inventory of hauled, transported and
treated polybags was conducted. A lot banana plantation and TSD facilities catering used polybags were
noted not having proper Manifest Forms and Certificate of Treatments; thus, series of technical
conferences and issuance of NOVs were made.
Used Vegetable Oil
Used vegetable oil was included in the Revised Procedures and Standards for the Management of
Hazardous Wastes or DAO 2013-22 as hazardous wastes categorized as I102. All commercial
establishments particularly malls, fast food chains and hotels were monitored and were advised to
properly store, label and dispose of said waste. However, as of this year, no local treater is operating
within the Region.
Healthcare Wastes
Last year, a lot of healthcare facilities went back to basics with regards to their disposal of wastes since
there was no accredited local treater for healthcare wastes. These hospitals and clinics use their septic
vaults; however, some of the healthcare facilities are having a hard time since they have limited space
and no more empty septic vaults. They are waiting for a local accredited treater.
On June 28, 2017, DENR- EMB Region 11 conducted a seminar entitled as “Training on Waste
Management and Emergency Preparedness and Response for Hazardous Waste Transporters” in line
with the celebration of Philippine Environment Month this June 2017. The main purpose of the said
training is to educate the new and current drivers of firms engaged in transporting hazardous waste. It
was attended by a total of 66 participants including few managing heads/PCO together with their drivers
and helpers and 7 participants from EMB-RXI.
The Most Beautiful Countries in the World
List RulesNations with the most breathtaking landscapes, including architecture and natural features
There's nothing like traveling and seeing the world to broaden your horizons and the countries on this
list are the most beautiful places in the world. Vote up the most gorgeous destinations below or add a
beautiful country to visit if it isn't already listed. This list should encourage you to travel and see some of
these gorgeous landscapes for yourself. The pictures of beautiful countries below are incredible, but
nothing beats seeing these locations in person.
Many people love Italy because of the magical cities of Rome, Venice, Florence, and the spectacular
Amalfi Coast. Breathtaking scenes are everywhere! What factors go into considering the most beautiful
countries in the world? Certainly, many of these gorgeous countries are home to the most beautiful
natural wonders in the world, along with the most beautiful buildings. It's hard to argue, for example,
with Australia as a popular travel destination, given the extraordinary natural wonders it is home to.
What do you believe is the prettiest country? Time to vote and rerank the top most beautiful countries
in the world below.
1 9,362 VOTES
New Zealand
Photo: stewartbaird/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0Here are some of the most awesome hotels
New Zealand has to offer!
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country
geographically comprises two main landmasses – that of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-
Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands. New
Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and
roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and
Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal,
fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks,
such as the Southern ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Wellington
Language: Māori language, New Zealand Sign Language, English Language
Divisions: Bay of Plenty, Otago Region, Tasman District, West Coast, Wellington, +
more
More New Zealand

#51 of 351 onThe Prettiest Flags in the World#57 of 80 onBest Soccer Countries Ever
2 6,390 VOTES
Iceland
Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0Don't break the bank, find the cheapest hotels to stay at
in Iceland!
Iceland is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. It has a
population of 329,100 and an area of 103,000 km², making it the most sparsely populated
country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík; the surrounding areas in the
southwest of the country are home to two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and
geologically active. The interior consists mainly of a plateau characterised by sand and lava
fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.
Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just
outside the Arctic Circle. According to ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Reykjavik
Language: Icelandic Language
Divisions: Westfjords, Norðurland vestra, Eastern Region, Iceland, Capital Region, + more
More Iceland
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Venice falling to #11The Best European Cities to Visit
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Italy
Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0Thinking about a spur of the moment trip? Get a great
deal on your hotel stay!
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Italy covers
an area of 301,338 km² and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred
to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 5th most populous country in
Europe. Italy is a very highly developed country and has the third largest economy in the
Eurozone and the eighth-largest in the world. Since ancient times, Etruscan, Magna Graecia and
other cultures have flourished in the territory of present-day Italy, being eventually absorbed by
Rome, that has for centuries remained the leading political and religious centre of Western
civilisation, capital of the ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Rome
Language: Italian Language
Divisions: Province of Medio Campidano, Province of Genoa, Province of La Spezia, Province
of Pavia, Province of Catanzaro, + more
More Italy
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4 7,523 VOTES
Greece
Photo: mariusz kluzniak/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0Planning a vacation? Here are some awesome

places to stay in Greece!
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic and known since ancient times as Hellas, is a country
located in southeastern Europe. According to the 2011 census, Greece's population is around 11
million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, with Thessaloniki being the second largest
and referred to as the co-capital. Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe,
Asia and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, Greece shares land
borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and
Turkey to the northeast. The country consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central
Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Athens
Language: Greek Language
Divisions: Chios, Phthiotis, Argolis, Pella, Dodecanese Prefecture, + more
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Pompeii falling to #16Tourist

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5 6,867 VOTES
45 people have voted on Canada

Photo: Nick Kenrick../flickr/CC-BY 2.0
Canada is a country in North America consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located
in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward
into the Arctic Ocean. Covering 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's
second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Its common
border with the United States forms the world's longest land border. The land that is now
Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late
15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast. As a
consequence of various conflicts, the Un... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Ottawa
Language: French Language, English Language
Divisions: Agassiz, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, + more
More Canada
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Is this beautiful?
6 6,577 VOTES
42 people have voted on Norway
Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0These are the best and most scenic hotels to stay at while
in Norway!
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory
comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus Jan Mayen and the Arctic
archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are
dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a
section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe
Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a
population of 5,109,059 people. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden. Norway
is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Oslo
Language: Nynorsk, Bokmål, Norwegian Language
Divisions: Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Vest-Agder, Østfold, Hedmark, + more
More Norway
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7 4,088 VOTES
hellodalai added Scotland

Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the
island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise
surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and
Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790
islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Edinburgh, the country's capital and
second-largest city, was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which
transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual, and industrial powerhouses of
Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once on... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Edinburgh
Language: Scottish English
Divisions: Orkney
More Scotland
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Throughout History
2,4941,594
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8 6,424 VOTES
19 people have voted on Switzerland
Photo: CameliaTWU/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0Make sure to visit the best hotels in

Switzerland on your next trip!
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of

26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, the so-called Bundesstadt. The
country is situated in Western and Central Europe, where it is bordered by Italy to the south,
France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland
is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura,
spanning an area of 41,285 km². ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Bern
Language: Romansh language, French Language, German Language, Italian Language
Divisions: Seftigen District, Canton of Vaud, Canton of Glarus, Canton of Aargau, Canton of
Zurich, + more
More Switzerland
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9 5,110 VOTES
27 people have voted on Austria

Photo: barnyz/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0
Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over
8.5 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the
north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and
Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,879 square kilometres and has an
alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the
country is below 500 metres, and its highest point is 3,798 metres. The majority of the population
speak local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and Austrian German in its
standard form is the country'... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Vienna
Language: German Language
Divisions: Salzburg, Vorarlberg, Upper Austria, Burgenland, Vienna, + more
More Austria
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10 7,128 VOTES
49 people have voted on France
Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0Visiting France? These hotels will make you want to stay
forever.
France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary sovereign state comprising territory in
western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. Metropolitan France extends from
the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the
Atlantic Ocean; France covers 640,679 square kilometres and has a population of 66.6 million.
It is a semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the nation's largest city and the main
cultural and commercial center. ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Paris
Language: French Language
Divisions: Haute-Loire, Cher, Vendée, Hérault, Alsace, + more
More France
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11 4,975 VOTES
12 people have voted on Japan

Photo: Moyan_Brenn/flickr/CC-BY 2.0
Japan is also ranked #21 of 351 on The Prettiest Flags in the World
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea
of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in
the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The Kanji that make up Japan's name
mean "sun origin", and Japan is often called "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is a stratovolcanic
archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku,
which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan's population of 126
million is the world's tenth largest. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital
of Tokyo and several surrounding prefect... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Tokyo
Language: Japanese Language
Divisions: Okayama Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture, Hyōgo Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture,
Hiroshima Prefecture, + more
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Europe
12 4,713 VOTES
35 people have voted on Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in
western-central Europe. It consists of 16 constituent states, which retain limited sovereignty, and
covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres with a largely temperate seasonal climate. Its
capital and largest city is Berlin. The seat of government is Berlin and Bonn. Germany is a great
power and traditionally a leader in many cultural, theoretical and technical fields. With 80.7
million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state in the European Union. After
the United States, it is also the second most popular migration destination in the world. Germany
has the world's fourth-largest eco... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Berlin
Language: German Language
Divisions: Munich, Bremen, Haan, Hanover, Hesse, + more
More Germany
#49 of 351 onThe

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13 3,855 VOTES
kadorinadi added Republic of Ireland
Photo: Lisa West Photography/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0

Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a sovereign state in western Europe occupying
about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, located in the
eastern part of the island, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.6
million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the
United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the
south, Saint George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary,
parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of
government, the Taoiseach, is no... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Dublin
Language: English Language, Irish
Divisions: County Wexford, County Kildare, County Sligo, Munster, County Leitrim, + more
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14 people have voted on Spain

Photo: WeVe1/flickr/CC-BY 2.0Don't experience Spain without your own exquisite Villa!
Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in
southwestern Europe. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea
except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra,
and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Along
with France and Morocco, it is one of only three countries to have both Atlantic and
Mediterranean coastlines. Spain's 1,214 km border with Portugal is the longest uninterrupted
border within the European Union. Spanish territory also includes two archipelagos; the
Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean Sea, and the C... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Madrid
Language: Spanish Language
Divisions: Province of Zamora, Province of Segovia, Province of Soria, La Rioja, Province of
Valladolid, + more
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Austria falling to #9The Best Countries to Travel To
15 3,807 VOTES
13 people have voted on Portugal

Photo: Lorenmart/flickr/CC-BY-NC 2.0
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in southwest Europe. It is located on
the Iberian Peninsula, and it is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by
the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. Aside from
continental Portugal, the Portuguese Republic holds sovereignty over the Atlantic archipelagos
of Azores and Madeira, which are autonomous regions of Portugal. The country is named after
its second largest city, Porto, whose name derives from a combination of Latin "Portus", and the
Celtic place-name Cale., The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has
been continually fought over and settled sin... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Lisbon
Language: Portuguese Language
Divisions: Braga, Bragança District, Aveiro District, Aveiro, Portugal, + more
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16 4,086 VOTES
30 people have voted on Australia

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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Oceanian country comprising the
mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is
the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East
Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east;
and New Zealand to the south-east. For at least 40,000 years before the first British settlement in
the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages
grouped into roughly 250 language groups. After the European discovery of the continent by
Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's e... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Canberra
Divisions: Christmas Island, Town of Claremont, Victoria, South Australia, Melbourne, + more
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JacanoPalin addedSweden

Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
Sweden borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across
the Öresund. At 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European
Union by area, with a total population of about 9.7 million. Sweden has a low population density
of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre, with the population mostly concentrated in the southern
half of the country. About 85% of the population lives in urban areas. Southern Sweden is
predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the collective
geographical group of nations Fennoscandia. Ger... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Stockholm
Language: Swedish Language
Divisions: Gotland County, Falköping Municipality, Värmland County, Blekinge County,
Norrbotten County, + more
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kadorinadi added Wales

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Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered
by England to its east, the Irish Sea to its north and west, and the Bristol Channel to its south. It
had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km². Wales has over 1,680
miles of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central
areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Cardiff
Language: Welsh Language, English Language
Divisions: Waen
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30 people have voted on Russia
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Russia, also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a
federal semi-presidential republic. At 17,075,400 square kilometres, Russia is the largest
country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is
also the world's ninth most populous nation with nearly 144 million people as of 2015. Extending
across the entirety of northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans nine time zones
and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast,
Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland,
Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kaza... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Moscow
Language: Russian Language
Divisions: Krasnodar Krai, Voronezh Oblast, Penza Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, Nenets
Autonomous Okrug, + more
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31 people have voted on South Africa

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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located in Southern Africa. It
has 2,798 kilometres of coastline that stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. To
the north lie the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are
Mozambique and Swaziland; and within it lies Lesotho, an enclave surrounded by South African
territory. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 53
million people, is the world's 25th-most populous nation. South Africa is a multiethnic society
encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Its pluralistic makeup is
reflected in the constitution's... ...more on Wikipedia
Capital: Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria
Language: Northern Sotho language, Zulu Language, Afrikaans Language, Southern Ndebele
language, Venda Language, + more
Divisions: Westonaria Local Municipality, Western Cape, North West, Gauteng, Limpopo, +
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Top 10 most plastic
polluted rivers in the
world (2019)
Would you believe that 90% of plastics in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers? 9 are
located in Asia and one of them borders Thailand. So what are the most plastic polluted
rivers in the world?
Every year, we, the world, produces 300 million tonnes of plastics, and 8.8 million
tonnes of these are dumped into the oceans. That’s about 40 billion plastic bottles, 100
billion single-use plastic bags, and 522 million personal care items.
Disturbingly, 270,000 tonnes of these plastics are merely floating around on the ocean
surface. That is more than 5 trillion individual pieces when broken down, excluding the
millions of microplastic particles. You might be thinking that 270,000 tonnes is a lot,
and you’re definitely right!
It’s equivalent to 33,750,000 bowling balls, 135,000 cars, 130,000 medium-sized boats,
1,225 cargo trains, or 36,000 adult elephants.
Obviously, this current amount of plastic garbage is wreaking havoc on our once pristine
marine biodiversity. Approximately 700 marine species are in danger of extinction
because of plastic pollution.
Sadly, 100,000 marine creatures are already dead because of plastic entanglement,
while two-thirds of fish worldwide are still suffering from plastic ingestion.
“By 2050, there will be more plastics than fishes in the oceans.” – Eco News
Plastic isn’t really that fantastic. In a world where plastic is literally everywhere, the term
“plastic river” is no longer a shocker.
When landfills fall short to accommodate all our trash, society turns to the rivers. This
results in rivers that are entirely covered with waste. When seen from above, these
rivers look like a solid sludge of plastic waste. All these rivers are channelled into the
ocean, bringing the trash with them.
The top 10 most polluted rivers in the world have one thing in common – they are
located alongside large human populations with poor waste management systems.
Together, they deliver almost all the plastics in the entirety of our oceans.
10th – The Mekong River
One of the longest rivers in Asia and one that’s close to home. The Mekong River
travels through Asia bordering various countries like China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand,
Cambodia, and Vietnam. It supports 200 million people depending heavily on
agricultural and fishing industries.
9th – The Niger River

The 9th ranked most polluted river on our list is the main river of West Africa. Niger
River supports over 100 million citizens of Africa. From Nigeria, it flows through five
countries before ending up in the Atlantic Ocean.
8th – The Amur River

Also known as Heilong River, Amur River is located between the borders of the
Heilongjiang province of China and Russia’s Siberia, before being emptied on the
vastness of Okhotsk Sea.
7th – The Pearl River

Ironically, this river was named after its pearl-coloured shells lying at its bottom that
flows through Guangzhou City. Another one of China’s most notorious river for
harbouring plastics, this river isn’t looking pearly anymore. As a matter of fact, Hong
Kong is consistently suffering from trash coming from Pearl River being washed on its
shores.
6th – The Ganges River
Considered to be the most polluted river in India, The Ganges River is upsettingly
sixth on our list of the most polluted river in the world. It is worshipped as “Ganga Mata”,
the divine mother responsible for sustaining life and nurturing civilization throughout
India’s history. It provides water resources to over half a billion people or 40% of India’s
population. Despite these facts, an overwhelming amount of 1.2 billion pounds of
plastics are still dumped here annually.
5th – The Hai River
Another one of China’s nastiest rivers, Hai River is the fourth on our list. It flows
between two of the most densely-populated regions of China, Tianjin and Beijing, before
emptying into the Bohai Sea.
4th – The Yellow River
China’s cradle of civilization, Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia, next to
Yangtze and Yenisei. It’s also the sixth longest river in the world, flowing through nine of
China’s provinces to the Bohai Sea. This river is almost beyond salvation because of
undrinkable water and 30% of its fishes gone.
3rd – The Indus River
3rd on our list, the Indus River is the longest in Pakistan. Its basin is covering over
384,000 square miles of open land, 204,000 of which lie in Pakistan. It’s one of Asia’s
largest rivers running through Pakistan and India to the Arabian Sea. Aside from
plastics, this river’s pollution is also from the absurd amount of sewage wastes.
2nd – Yangtze River

Located yet again in China, the Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and third longest in
the world. Its reputation is the 2nd worst on our list for flowing out a staggering amount
of 1.5 million tons or 55% of the ocean’s plastics. Flowing through some of China’s most
populated regions like Shanghai (22 million), Wuhan (9.8 million), and Chongqing (7.5
million), the river’s basin is a home for 480 million people or one-third of China’s
population. Because of the highly-consumerist lifestyle of the Chinese populace,
their waste management system can no longer keep up.
The Most Polluted River in the World – The
Citarum River
And finally, the leader of this infamous list, the Citarum River, regarded as the most
polluted river in the world. Located in Indonesia, flowing down a basin that is home to
millions of people. Due to the increase in industrial development and almost zero waste
management, the river is succumbed by domestic, chemical, industrial and
numerous types of water pollution.
The fisherman that once depended on the clear waters of this river for their lively hood,
now cast their nets not to catch fish, but instead, to catch certain garbage that might
have a scrap value. The Citarum river has turned fishermen into garbage men.
Conclusion
Knowing from here how serious plastic pollution is, trust me when I say that we’re
barely scratching the surface. The severity of the problem could come to a point of no
return, we may not be able to win the life back in our oceans if we continue. Let’s stop
creating tragic stories like the sperm whale incident or the sea turtle with a plastic
straw stuck on its nostrils.
We can still do something about it. In fact, we have to do it now! Let’s actualize the rule
of 5 Rs – Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Repair – or just say “No” to Single-
Use Plastic.
We can all be a little more responsible for the monstrous amount of trash we created.
Here are 5 simple tips to Reduce Plastic Waste and you are more than welcome to
join us on one of our beach cleanups at the Clean the Beach Boot Camp – first we
train, then we clean!
Top 10 Most Polluted Rivers in the World
Killing the sources of life: The 10 Most Polluted Rivers in the World
One of our most precious gifts from nature, the Rivers, with its veins spread all
across the planet, nurtures life wherever it flows. One of the most primary
sources of food and fresh water, the rivers are indeed our source of life. It is no
surprise that on the banks of our major rivers is where many of the advanced
civilisations of mankind have flourished. Precious as they are, humans and their
varied activities have still managed to nearly destroy them with alarming levels
of pollution choking the rivers. The 10 most polluted rivers in the world are a
testament to the adverse consequences of human carelessness.
Rampant industrialisation poor government regulations, corporate insensitivity

towards the environment, inefficient waste management and a lack of
awareness among the masses have led to many of the rivers being polluted
beyond acceptable levels. With millions of tons of waste being generated
globally every year, landfills, waterways and finally the ocean gets bombarded
by the massive amounts of trash that are dumped there.
IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 90% OF THE PLASTIC THAT ENDS UP IN
THE OCEAN COME FROM JUST THE 10 MOST POLLUTED

RIVERS IN THE WORLD.
Although many of the 10 most polluted rivers in the world are from Asia,
pollution is a much more worldwide issue. Critical levels of pollution have
affected rivers even in America, Europe and Africa. Another crucial thing to note
is that most of the trash found in the rivers is plastic and primarily, Single-Use
Plastic. This monstrous invention of man, although seemingly quite harmless,
has been the undisputed leader of pollutants, unmatched in its scale of
production as well as the duration for which it affects the environment.
For those living in a bubble, here are some disturbing facts and figures about
plastic: Globally, over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year.
That’s about 16 billion coffee cups, 45 billion plastic bottles, 4 trillion single-use
plastic bags etc. produced each year. And every year, approximately 8-10
million tons of discarded plastic makes its way into the ocean. First, the trash,
mostly plastic, gets shipped off to a landfill somewhere, which soon overflows.
Some get incinerated and, even lesser still gets recycled. All the remaining
plastic, including the ones that escape out of the overflowing landfills, makes its
way or gets dumped into different waterways, such as the rivers. No wonder
then that the 10 most polluted rivers in the world have turned into plastic
rivers!
RESEARCHERS HAVE ESTIMATED THAT BY 2050, THERE WILL
BE MORE PLASTIC IN THE OCEAN, BY WEIGHT, THAN FISH.

ALREADY, ONE IN FOUR FISHES HAS BEEN FOUND TO HAVE
TRACES OF PLASTIC PARTICLES IN THEIR SYSTEM.
Of course, it is not merely the loss of beauty, that concerns us. The pieces of
plastic trash floating around in the waters often proves to be fatal, for the
animals who depend on the river for their survival. Some of the animals and
sea-birds get entangled and even choke to death by bigger pieces of plastic
floating around. Plastic does not decompose; rather, it keeps breaking down
into smaller and smaller particles till they’re microscopic (MicroPlastics). The
smaller pieces of plastic are often gulped down by many of the marine animals
who mistake it for food. Since, plastic as it breaks down, releases toxic
chemicals, the animals that ingested it, often get sick if not choked by the
plastic. The plastic and its toxins thus travel up the food chain, and not so
surprisingly on to our dinner tables, through the seafood we splurged on!
Since research shows that, just the 10 most polluted rivers in the world is
responsible for most of the plastic trash in the ocean, let us dive right in, and
see clearly the massive scale at which plastic is choking our very source of life.
The Top 10 Most Polluted Rivers in the World:
#10 Most Polluted Rivers in the World –

Mississippi
The ninth longest river in the world, one that flows through almost the entire
US, The Mississippi River, is also dirty enough to be one of the 10 most polluted
rivers in the world. A river which even the scientists refer to as one of the most
polluted ecosystems on the planet is definitely the most polluted one in the
country. The scary part is that it is not an exaggeration. The massive dead zone
in the Gulf Of Mexico is one clear example of it. More than 12.7 million pounds
of poisonous chemicals such as PCB, mercury, fertilizers, sediments etc. have
been dumped into the Mississippi River in just one year. The toxin levels in the
water make it dangerous not just to the marine animals but also to humans who
consume it.
#9 Most Polluted Rivers in the World –

Buriganga
For a country that is mainly dependent on a single river for its sustenance, they
sure have made a colossal mess of it. The Buriganga River has not only been
the primary source of water for the people of Bangladesh but has also paved
the way for trade since the 17th century. Now, sadly, it has become a dumping
ground for all kinds of pollutants including industrial and domestic waste,
sewage waste, medical waste, dead animals, plastic and on and on. About 80%
of the sewage dumped into the river is untreated. Shockingly, just the capital
city of Dhaka tosses in 4,500 tons of solid waste into the Buriganga every day!
No wonder the government of Bangladesh has not been able to save the
Buriganga, also known as the ‘Old Ganges’.
#8 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Ganges

Not far from the Buriganga, even on the list of the 10 most polluted rivers in the
world, is the holiest river in India, the Ganges. Revered as “Ganga Mata”, also
known as the most polluted river in India the river as a divine mother helps
sustain the life of almost half a billion people and has played a vital role in
nurturing its most valued civilisations throughout history. Ganga, the third
largest river in the world, is considered to be so pure, that bathing in it will even
wash away all your sins. The present reality, however, is bound to shatter any
spiritual trip you plan on taking to this holy river. Bathing in it will only wash
away any good health you have. The pollutants crowding this mighty river
varies from industrial, chemical and sewage waste to soap from washing clothes
and bathing, religious offerings, even dead bodies! Over 1.2 billion pounds of
plastic is unashamedly discarded into it every year. As per the Indian Council Of
Medical Research(ICMR), people dwelling on the banks of the holy river Ganga
are more at risk to cancer than anywhere else in the country. In the land of
believers, one wonders whether its citizens can spot such signs of karma
turning back around to come to bite them for disrespecting Mother Ganga.
#7 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Niger

When Mother Ganga could not escape the consequences of careless human
activities, Mother Africa is not immune to it either. Among others, the one that
stands out is the main river of Africa, The Niger River in Nigeria. Over 100
million people depend on it, in the densely populated Niger River
Delta. However, large petroleum operations since the 1950s, have polluted the
river to critical levels, with oil and hydrocarbons. From just 1976 to 2001, there
have been close to 7,000 oil spilling incidents, wherein most of the oil was not
recovered! Every year, on average, system failures, natural calamities and other
causes lead to the spilling of 240,000 barrels of crude oil into the Niger River
Delta. Heavily saturated by pollutants, the Niger River then departs Nigeria,
travelling through five other countries before delivering all the pollution into the
Atlantic Ocean.
#6 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Sarno

Moving on to Europe, the infamous Sarno River in Italy is probably the
continent’s most polluted river. This river that flows into Italy is although clean
at the source and safe for consumption. However, on the way to Italy, it gathers
enough pollutants from factories and agricultural activities to make it to the list
of 10 most polluted rivers in the world. The increasing toxin levels of the river
has hiked up the number of liver cancer cases in the area. Furthermore, the
Sarno River frequently floods, which spills the pollutants over the surrounding
land, leading to a form of land pollution called soil degradation. One type of
pollution often adds to another kind of pollution. If that has piqued your
curiosity, here are Top 10 causes of land pollution.
#5 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Marilao

Millions of Philippine people who depend on the Marilao River for drinking and
farming activities are now at serious health risk due to the high level of pollution
in the waters. Most of the pollutants entering the river are waste generated
from tanneries, gold refineries and household waste. Dumping of inorganic
materials such as single-use plastic bags, bottles is rampant in the Marilao
River, and even the lead level in the water is so high that it is killing off the
fishes! Similar to the Sarno River in Italy, the Marilao River too tends to flood,
leading to water pollution spreading over the nearby land.
#4 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Yellow

Known as the ‘cradle of civilisation’ of China, is the mighty yellow river, which is
the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. It is also one of the
worst when it comes to the 10 most polluted rivers in the world. A United
Nations Environmental Program report points to 4.29 billion tons of industrial
and sewage waste being dumped into the Yellow River, back in 1996. With
contaminated water that has killed of 30% of its fishes, the condition of the vast
Yellow river, that flows through nine provinces in China before making it to the
Bohai sea, seems utterly hopeless. And finally, now that the river water in the
city of Lanzhou has turned red, due to excess chemical discharge, the water in
the river has been declared ‘unfit for human consumption’!
#3 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Indus

The higher up in rank we go in our list of 10 most polluted rivers in the world,
the bigger the river’s get! Indus River, the longest in Pakistan, sustains millions
of lives. Or at least, it was supposed to. Every day, hundreds of thousands of
people come to the river for purposes ranging from bathing, fishing, trade to
performing religious rites. Rampant and careless development has however led
to the river being severely polluted by household, agricultural, industrial and
sewage waste. Not to forget the horrendous amount of plastic choking it. For
one of Asia’s largest rivers, the Indus River certainly makes a fine case study for
the different Causes of Water Pollution. Besides the apparent health hazard
posed to those who consume the water, another clear indication of the threat
posed by the rising pollution are the depleting fish species in the river. In fact,
the Indus River Dolphin has already gone extinct, killed off by the severe
pollution in this mighty river, that will later flow through India and finally rest,
along with all the deadly toxins present in it, in the Arabian Sea.
#2 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Yangtze

As one would expect, China makes another appearance, in the list of 10 most
polluted rivers in the world, with the longest river in Asia, the Yangtze River.
The world’s third longest river is also one of the worst when it comes to the
highly competitive group of most polluted rivers in the world. A deadly
combination of over-population(480 million people live on the river basin!), a
completely pro-consumerist lifestyle, and poor waste management system, has
lead to about 333,000 tons of plastic waste being dumped into the East China
Sea every year! We wonder if that is not enough to make the world’s sleeping
giant, China, to wake up!
#1 Most Polluted Rivers in the World – Citarum

And finally, the one leading the list of 10 most polluted rivers in the world,
Indonesia’s Citarum River. Flowing through a basin that is home to millions of
people in West Java, the river has been the primary reason for agriculture,
industrial development, fishery, water supply and even producing electricity.
Years of careless development, however, has brought the river to a dire state.
The river is literally overcrowded by the amount of industrial and domestic
waste dumped in it. All varieties of pollutants such as plastic items, rubber,
glass, metal, paints, chemical etc. have accumulated all over the river. In fact,
in many areas, the pollution levels are so high that the river surface is not
visible at all under all the garbage engulfing it! As per tests conducted, the
mercury present in the river is 100 times over the legal level, while the lead
levels are a staggering 1000 times more than the acceptable standards in the
United States. Because of such an unimaginable scale of the environmental
catastrophe, many consider the Citarum River to be the most polluted river in
the world.
It is staggering, the amount of pollution present in just the 10 most polluted

rivers in the world. Our source of life, we seem intent to destroy with our own
hands. The whole of humanity depends on it, yet, despite the occasional hue
and cry by activists and the half-hearted attempts by different governments,
our rivers are continuously being destroyed in the name of development.
Thankfully, all hope is not lost! There are still proactive nations and people
around the world that have managed to strike the right balance between
urbanisation and nature. The Top 5 cleanest cities in the world have set a
shining example of how to undertake development activities without harming
the environment.
The cleanest cities in the world prove that public awareness is a significant
prerequisite that needs to be followed by strict implementation of environmental
regulations. Without first changing your personal lifestyle, you cannot expect
the whole world to improve! It’s not really rocket science either. Here are 5
simple tips to reduce plastic waste from your personal life. If you are feeling
more proactive and could use some fitness activities, cleanup drives like
the Clean The Beach Boot Camp are an excellent opportunity to get started.
Remember, it’s a collective mess we have created on this planet, and it will
require a collective effort to clean it. Help spread as much awareness as you can
by sharing this knowledge with your friends and colleagues, so we may reclaim
the clean and healthy environment that was gifted to us and empty the list of
10 most polluted rivers in the world!
“We hope you liked this article, please share it to help it reach more
people. We at iBan Plastic believe that awareness and education is key
to the success of a cleaner less polluted planet. If you would like to
support us on our mission you can check out our new Patreon page,
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What Are the 13 Most Polluted

Rivers in the World?
Updated on May 1, 2019
Kelley Marks
more
Environmental issues are a major interest of Kelley's, especially pollution, climate
change, deforestation and endangered species.
Contact Author
One of the earth's most polluted rivers
Many of earth's rivers should be avoided by everyone

The solution to pollution is dilution. This has been the mantra of people who would like to think water
pollution can be avoided simply by adding enough water to the muck. The trouble is, there are too
many people and too many factories in the world and not enough fresh water. In fact, one of the
world’s biggest problems is a lack of clean drinking water.
Then again, these rivers could simply be cleaned up.
The following article lists the ten most polluted rivers in the world. It may not include the worst, who’s
to say? But all of these waterways are objectionably dirty, some of which so incredibly filthy you
have to wonder why anybody would even go near them, much less drink from them. Yet people do
so, as they must, because they have little or no choice.
Please keep reading!
Yangtze River
13. Yangtze River

Its headwaters located in northern Tibet, China’s Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia and the
third longest in the world, suffers from many types of degradation: industrial and plastic pollution,
agricultural run-off, siltation, untreated manure from pig farms, industrial effluent, and sewage from
municipal sources. In fact, in 2012, because of pollution, the river turned red near Chongqing.
According to The Ocean Cleanup, a Dutch ecological organization, the Yangtze River dumps more
plastic into the ocean than any other river.
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the river has greatly reduced biodiversity. Moreover,
construction of dams, levees and diversions along the river has cut-off the outflow from numerous
lakes, reducing their water quality. But since 2002 a program has been in place to reconnect these
lakes to the Yangtze, increasing the flow of water throughout the Yangtze watershed, thereby
reducing at least some of its water pollution.
River Tame
12. River Tame

Located in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom, the River Tame is a pretty, slow-moving
waterway that meanders through bucolic countryside in England. At a distance anyway, the river
doesn’t appear to be degraded, but there’s contamination lurking in its murky depths. It has some of
the worst micro plastic pollution in the world, according to a survey done in 2018. Toxic rain-wash
from Coal-based industries around Birmingham and in the Black Country region, as well as various
manufacturing operations, has damaged the river’s ecology too.
In recent decades, however, the river’s water has been passed through a series of purification lakes,
a process that has cleansed the water enough so that aquatic life can survive in it. Once one of the
filthiest rivers in the UK, the River Tame seems healthier today, though plastic pollution is still a
major concern.
The Jordan River as it empties into the Dead Sea
11. Jordan River

One of few sources of fresh water in a land that needs all the water it can get, the Jordan River flows
from north to south through much of the Holy Land, countries such as Syria, Israel and Jordan and
connects the Sea of Galilee, a fresh water lake, with the Dead Sea, a drying, salty terminal lake.
Since most of the river’s water has been diverted for industrial, agricultural and municipal purposes,
especially its lower 100 miles, what’s left of the water has succumbed to the flow of sewage,
agricultural runoff and brackish water. Consequently, in 2007, the Friends of the Earth listed it as
one of the 100 most polluted sites in the world.
The biggest problem with the Jordan River is that its water is quickly disappearing. Polluted or not, a
river can’t survive without water, and since it’s the only source of water for the Dead Sea, that too is
in danger of drying out entirely.
Matanza-Riachuelo River
10. Matanza-Riachuelo River

Located in the Buenos Aires Province of central-eastern Argentina, the Matanza-Riachuelo River
(MRR) has been nicknamed the Slaughterhouse River, because many slaughterhouses and
tanneries line its banks and, tragically, dump their effluent into the river, polluting this short waterway
with various toxic chemicals, particularly heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, mercury, zinc,
lead and copper. Raw sewage and household garbage are also added to the mess.
In 1993, President Carlos Menem presented a project designed to spend $250 million to clean up
the river, but only one million was spent to rid the river of industrial wastes. Tragically, much of this
money was allocated to other projects and/or pilfered by politicians. Therefore, as of December
2013, the MRR remains one of the most polluted rivers on the planet.
9. Cuyahoga River
The Cuyahoga River is famous – or infamous – for having caught fire numerous times since 1868,
most recently in June 1969. Flowing through the Cleveland, Ohio area, the Cuyahoga River,
because it runs through a congested urban environment, has been subjected to numerous forms of
pollution, particularly industrial waste, which has made it flammable at times. Interestingly, the plight
of the Cuyahoga River helped promote in the late 1960s the ecological movement across the U.S.,
whose motto was “Ecology Now.” This joint fervor led to passage of the Clean Water Act of 1972.
Not quite so polluted these days, since some species of aquatic life can actually survive in it, the
Cuyahoga River nevertheless remains one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern, as it empties into
Lake Erie, once a very dirty body of water as well, though it supports fisheries of note.
Buriganga River
8. Buriganga River
Also known as the Old Ganges, the Buriganga River in Bangladesh, one of the world’s most densely
populated countries, suffers from just about every type of pollution imaginable: chemical waste from
textile mills and factories of all kinds, domestic garbage, rotting fruit and vegetables, medical waste,
sewage, dead animals, plastics and petroleum. In fact, the city of Dhaka dumps 4,500 tons of solid
waste into the river every day. The sewage dumped into the river is a major problem as well, as
about 80 per cent of it is untreated.
These days, particularly near Dhaka, a city of 10 million people, the Buriganga River emits a foul
smell and no aquatic life can survive in it. One way to clean up the river at least somewhat would be
to increase its flow of water, but this option will be difficult since the glaciers of the Himalayas, which
feed the river, are shrinking due to climate change. Of course, a better option would be to stop
dumping garbage and various poisons into the river, although this option will be very costly.
Marilao River
7. Marilao River
The Marilao River flows through the Bulacan Province in the Philippines and eventually empties in
Manila Bay. The river suffers from various forms of pollution from tanneries, textile factories,
piggeries, gold refineries and municipal dumps. The high levels of toxic chemicals and heavy metals
in the water are particularly worrisome, as they present a major health hazard. In fact, in places, the
water in the Marilao River contains virtually no dissolved oxygen, negating aquatic life to a great
degree. Therefore, the Marilao River is considered one of 50 dead rivers in the Philippines.
Fortunately for the people of the Philippines, Greenpeace has been studying the problem of water
pollution in the Philippines and produced the report “Hidden Consequences,” which could at least
focus attention on the problem and perhaps persuade the Philippine government to generate funds
for clean-up of the Marilao and other filthy rivers in this Pacific archipelago.
Sarno River
6. Sarno River
In a continent where most if not all the rivers are polluted, the Sarno River in southern Italy, near
Pompeii and Naples, iis widely considered the most polluted river in Europe. The upper reaches of
the river near Mt. Sarno are nearly pristine, but the lower one travels in elevation, the more polluted
the river becomes, until it’s covered by oily scum and chemical foam. Fouled by industrial and
agricultural wastes and plenty of urban garbage, the Sarno River is considered the primary source
for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Bay of Naples. Interestingly, PAHs are the
greatest source of organic pollutants.
Encouragingly, Italy plans to clean up the Sarno and other rivers in the area. In fact, remedial
dredging began on the Sarno River in the early 2000s, so perhaps at least some of the pollution will
be mitigated, if not eliminated, in the coming years and decades.
Mississippi River near New Orleans
5. Mississippi River
Pollution of rivers is also widespread in the United States. The mighty Mississippi River, also called
the Big Muddy, because its waters are generally brown, mostly from sediments. But the Big Muddy
holds much more than mud, for its level of pollutants is great. In fact, it is sometimes called the
Colon of America. In addition to sewage, perhaps the worst pollutants in the river are agricultural in
nature. At the mouth of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico lies a so-called Dead Zone of 6,000 to
8,000 square miles. This has been created by the Mississippi’s high amount of nitrogen-based
fertilizer run-off, which upsets the food chain, creating very low oxygen levels in coastal waters.
Green advocates hope to cleanse this impressive river by urging the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to include agricultural run-off - particularly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution - under
protocols set by the Clean Water Act of 1972. But the federal government wants the states to act
first, so we’ll see how this scenario unfolds.
Citarum River
4. Citarum River
The Citarum River, located in West Java, Indonesia, flows through a basin populated by millions of
people using the river’s water for drinking, fishing, agriculture and industrial applications. The
problem is, thousands of factories line the river and routinely dump their waste into it, turning the
water various ugly colors. These factories are supposed to clean the water after they use it and
dump it back into the river, but this process is rarely done and violators rarely prosecuted.
Shockingly, the Blacksmith Institute has declared that lead pollution in the Citarum River is 1,000
times the acceptable level as set by America's Environmental Protection Agency. Because of this
ecological catastrophe, the Citarum River is considered by many to be the dirtiest river in the world.
In current times, the Asian Development Bank has loaned Indonesia $500 million over 15 years to
help clean up the Citarum River. But, since so many people and industries use the Citarum’s water,
cleansing it may remain more fantasy than reality, unless billions rather than millions are spent on
clean-up.
The Doce River after the dams burst
3. Doce River
The Doce River, which means “sweet water,” runs through southeast Brazil for 853 kilometers,
providing much needed fresh water for the largest steel making region in Latin America.
Unfortunately, in November 2015, location Mariana, two containment dams ruptured, spilling 60
million cubic meters of iron ore sludge into the Doce River, killing at least 17 people and injuring
scores of others. This sludge is so loaded with heavy metals that the aquatic life in this once sweet
river has been destroyed and may never return to normal, devastating the lives of numerous
fishermen. Many people use the river for drinking water as well; now they must drink bottled water
for months, years, who knows how long.
BHP Billiton, the world’s largest mining conglomerate, which built the aforementioned dams, has
been sued by the government of Brazil for $5 billion. But who knows when or if the Doce River will
ever be cleaned up after this ecological catastrophe, one of the worst in world history.
Yellow River
2. Yellow River
The condition of the Yellow River, whose water is filled with a yellow sediment known as loess,
hence its name, is essential to the well-being of China, though at times the river has flooded, killing
millions of people. These days, the river is troublesome in another way: The water in it is so
egregiously polluted that it’s unfit even for agricultural use. In fact, in any given year, more than
four billion tons of sewage is dumped into the river. And, as China continues to industrialize at
breakneck speed, the Yellow River has become a toxic waste dump, turning river water colors other
than yellow, at the very least.
But there are environment activists in China who would like to clean up the Yellow River. Green
Camel Bell, established in 2004, is dedicated to the improvement of declining ecosystems in western
China. This group, however, will do little more than educate people. The Chinese government must
stop cities and industries from dumping waste into the river, then perhaps the color of the Yellow
River will return to its former color.
Ganges River
1. Ganges River
The Ganges River, the most sacred river in Hinduism and the third largest river (by discharge) in the
world, holds water that can purportedly cleanse people of sin. Many Hindus think the river’s water is
so healthful they actually drink it as if it were an elixir. Be that as it may, the importance of the river
cannot be overestimated, as it affects the lives of 400 million people who live near it. Unfortunately,
people dump their waste into the Ganges as they use it for drinking, bathing and cooking, giving rise
to many water-borne illnesses. In fact, people who can’t afford cremation throw corpses into the
river. It’s hard to imagine a filthier river than the beloved Ganges.
Nevertheless, attempts are being made to clean up the Ganges River. The Ganga Action Plan,
began in 1985 and considered one of the greatest efforts to clean up a polluted river in the world,
has been an abject failure because it’s vastly underfunded. Still, this is a start, and everyone should
hope the Ganges River runs clean again.
Please leave a comment.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Five Inventions That Purify

Drinking Water
Posted by
Sidrah Ahmad
, October 22 2018
We live in an age defined by life-enhancing technologies. According to the World
Health Organization, 2.1 billion people lack access to a safely-managed drinking water
supply at home. Contaminated or dirty water causes 3.4 million deaths each year,
as 3 in 10 people risk catching water-borne diarrheal diseases including Cholera and
other serious illnesses such as Guinea Worm, Typhoid, and Dysentery each time they
take a drink.
A lack of access takes a toll on the young. A new-born child dies every minute from
water-related disease. Every two minutes, poor sanitation kills a child under five. The
following map highlights the most at-risk, showing the percentage of populations that
lack access to adequately clean drinking water.
Access to microbe-free water is the

cornerstone of sustainable
communities
Portable drinking water, supported by basic sanitation, allows communities to grow and
thrive. Experts estimate universal access to clean water and sanitation would
produce economic benefits equal to $18.5 billion through:
 Enabling hospitals to reduce child mortality rates;

 Improving a population’s ability to fight disease;
 Promoting gender equality in lower income countries, where women bear the responsibility
of collecting water reducing their productivity
Hence, organizations across the world have committed to developing innovative,

forward-thinking solutions that help isolated populations, access water such as these
five ethically-minded, sustainable technologies.
LifeStraw
LifeStraw offers a range of microbiological water filters that make contaminated water
safe to drink. A hollow fiber membrane removes bacteria, parasites and other
contaminants. Carbon capsules absorb chlorine and pesticides while advanced filters
remove heavy metals such as lead. NGO’s often distribute LifeStraws to rural
communities during times of crisis.
In the Huasteca region in Mexico, 50,000 people gained access to potable water
courtesy of LifeStraw, helping halt an outbreak of Cholera in 2013.
Life Sack
Inspiration for Life Sack came about as NGO’s were delivering food to remote
populations and the bags the NGO’s used going to waste. Families can now fill the
emptied sack with contaminated water, which the sustainable plastic purifies through a
Solar Water Disinfection Process using UV-A light and heat to kill bacteria and remove
undesirable microbes.
NGO’s ship in bags full of food and rural communities receive a life-long supply of
purified, safe-to-drink water.
The Drinkable Book

Hygiene and sanitation best-practice stems from education. Researchers at Carnegie
Melon University created an affordable teaching resource that doubles as a filtration
device.
The Drinkable Book contains basic guidance for maintaining clean water sources, with
the information printed on filtration paper and provides filter sheets to last four years.
The current focus is on developing nations, including Ghana, Kenya, Haiti, Ethiopia,
India, and Tanzania.
WaterSeer
Filtration is useful where water is abundant and water scarcity is quickly becoming a
global crisis. What happens where communities face a severe water shortage? This
is where the WaterSeer technology comes into play.
The device is planted six-feet underground, using above-ground wind turbines to force
air down into a cooler chamber. As the hot air enters cold surrounds, vapor condenses
and filters to the bottom of a tube, which users extract the water with a pump and hose.
Developed by VICI Labs in the USA, the device was recognized as 2017’s Emerging
Tech Innovation of the Year. It can collect up to 37 liters of water a day and is
currently in use in Karachi, Pakistan – a notoriously dry region of the world.
The Hippo Roller

Millions of women and children walk 6 hours every day, just to collect water, carrying
heavy buckets on their head. Though not a purification device, the 90-liter Hippo
Roller offers them a less strenuous vessel to transport clean water, collecting up to
five times more liquid than a bucket. Developed by two South Africans in response to
localized struggles, it’s a unique solution whose impact on women and children has
been praised by the UN World Food Program. It is now used in more than 20 countries
worldwide, with 50,000 rollers helping close to half-a-million people.
As a social enterprise, the company encourages corporate sponsorship to facilitate

global distribution with associated branding opportunities. Alternatively, Hippo Rollers
cost $125.
Stay hydrated for optimal performance

75% of Americans suffer from daily dehydration taking both a mental and physical
toll. Access to refreshing water encourages us to drink more. A Waterlogic energy-
saving water dispenser is a vital addition to US offices. Our solutions offer an on-
demand source of purified water keeping your office in excellent
health while reducing your environmental impact and set your employees up
for focused, productive days.
Contact a Waterlogic expert for more information today!
New Technologies That Create Clean

Water for a Thirsty World
These innovative water tech solutions can solve can all help us achieve a
better future for all
Mar 21, 2019
3.2K
VIEWS
Tags:
Water, World Water Day, Desalination
(Riccardo Mayer / Shutterstock.com)
Water is essential for human life. So much so that the UN considers access to water a
fundamental right. Part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals to achieve a better future for
all is the call for universal access to clean water.
Every person needs at least 20 -50 liters of safe, clean water a day to drink, to cook with and to
bathe. We're still far away from that goal and it will take a global effort to make this a reality.
The world is facing a growing water crisis where half of the world's population is expected to be
living in water-stressed areas by 2025. Today, over 2.5 billion people lack access to safely
managed, clean drinking water that can be collected in a round trip of 30 minutes according to
the World Health Organization (WHO).
The reasons for water insecurity are complex. Part of it is due to population growth and the
depletion of groundwater supplies – 30 percent of the earth's fresh water lies in deep
aquifers, and it is being extracted at dangerously unsustainable amounts.
Water infrastructure in many places is crumbling, and billions of gallons of treated safe drinking
water are lost every year. Water is wasted in farming irrigation, the production of energy, and
other water-hungry industries.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation affect 780 million people according to WHO, who for
the most part live in water-deficient economically poor places. The organization estimates that
contaminated drinking water causes 502,000 deaths a year from diarrhea alone.
All of this is preventable through access to clean water. In recent years, plenty of new
technologies have sprung up that bring water to communities that need it most.
1. Solar Powered Water Filtration
In many places of the world, the problem isn't that there is not enough water but that the water is
contaminated. In developing countries, 80 percent of sewage is discharged untreated into
waterways. That's why Innovative Water Technologies developed water filtration systems like
the SunSpring Hybrid a self-contained portable solar and wind-powered system that provides
20,000 liters of clean water a day for 10 years or more.
(D. Hammonds / Shutterstock.com)
2. Fog Catchers
In some places, groundwater supplies have been used up and entire villages and regions have a
severe water shortage including the Sidi Ifni region of Morocco. But what this region has is an
abundance of fog. That is why Dar Si Hmad, a nonprofit, has installed fog collectors on the
slopes of Mount Boutmezguida in what is now the largest fog-harvesting project in the world.
Around 6,300 liters of water can be harvested daily.
The process is not complicated, the mist is caught as it passes through a weave of large vertical
nets and trickles into a collection system where it is filtered and mixed with groundwater. The
water is piped into five villages to provide clean and safe water for 400 people. This technology
is not new, but recent advancements have made it much more efficient. There are also fog
catching systems in Chile, Peru, South Africa, Ghana, Eritrea, and California.
(Courtesy of Dar Si Hmad)

3. Desalination - Water from the Sea
Israel is a county that is made up of 50 percent desert and has been experiencing drought
conditions for many years. It is no wonder that desalination – the process that removes salt and
minerals from seawater – was pioneered there. The first plant was built in the 1960s and today 60
percent of the country’s domestic water comes from desalination from five large and 34 small
plants. Three of the plants are partly owned by Israel Desalination Engineering (IDE)
technologies, a world leader in the development and operation of desalination plants including
400 plants in 40 countries like China, India, Australia, and the US.
(Fat Jackey / Shutterstock.com)
4. The Drinkable Book
The nonprofit Water is Life in partnership with researchers at Carnegie Melton created an
education and water filtration tool in the form of a drinkable book. Every page contains basic
water and sanitation advice that is printed on scientific coffee filter paper that can be used to
purify water and reduce 99.9 percent of bacteria. Each book – distributed in Ghana, Kenya,
Ethiopia, and Haiti – can provide clean water for four years for a single person.
(A3pfamily / Shutterstock.com)
5. Water from Air - Zero Mass Water
This startup Zero Mass Water uses solar power to create enough clean drinking water for two-to-
three people or roughly 10 liters a day. The technology, called the Source Hydropanel runs on a
pretty simple premise. Solar energy heats a sponge-like material to create condensation that is
collected in a 30-liter reservoir. The water is filtered, and minerals are added to improve the taste
of the water. Zero Mass is partnering with NGOs worldwide to provide clean and safe drinking
water.
(Love Silhouette / Shutterstock.com)
6. The LifeStraw
The portable drinking straw was created by Vestergaard – a global company innovating
solutions that contribute to a healthier and more sustainable world – and filters dirty unsafe water
to make it safe to drink. The straw purifies a minimum of 1,000 liters of water and removes 99.9
percent of bacteria and parasites through a unique filtration system. There are also high-capacity
water purifiers for emergency preparedness and emergency response teams. Now available in
steel instead of plastic.
(Keith Homan / Shutterstock.com)
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE:
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The Fishing Industry in the Philippines

TOPICS:AquacultureBFARLocal GovernmentMariculture
POSTED BY: VICKY VIRAY-MENDOZA 25-JAN-2019
National Fishery is composed of Commercial, Municipal, and Aquaculture

Fishery. The Municipal Fishery sector is composed of Municipal
Marine and Municipal Inland Fishery. Aquaculture is composed of Mariculture (Seaweed,
Oyster, Mussel), Marine Fish Cage, Marine Fish Pen; Brackishwater Fish Cage,
Brackishwater Fish Pen, Brackishwater Fish Pond; Freshwater Fish Cage, Freshwater
Fish Pen, Freshwater Fish Pond; Small Farm Reservoir, and Rice Fish.
The annual average share of the main fishery sectors as a % of total Fishery value
shows: Commercial Fishery, 27%; Municipal Fishery, 34%; and Aquaculture, 39%. These
fishing sectors are distinct and separate, but they are actually competitors.
The 6 Major Fishing Grounds: West Sulu Sea near Palawan (30K sq km); Moro Gulf near
Zamboanga del Sur, Maguindanao, and Sultan Kudarat (12.9K sq
km); South Sulu Sea near Zamboanga del Sur, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi (12.6K sq
km); East Sulu Sea near Zamboanga del Norte and Negros (9.3K sq
km); Sibuyan Sea near Aklan, Masbate and Romblon (8.1K sq km); and Bohol Sea (7.9K
sq km).
The 7 Main Landing Fish Ports: GenSan, Navotas, Iloilo, Lucena, Zamboanga, Davao,
and Sual receive 20% of fish landings. The rest land in small municipal
ports. GenSan and Navotas receive majority of the landings for having more processing
facilities nearby. The GenSan Fishport accounts for 42% of Total Marine
Tuna landings. Marine Tuna is the largest export seafood commodity comprised
of Bigeye, Frigate, Skipjack, and Yellowfin as the major Tuna species. Yellowfin is
considered “Sashimi-grade” and highly sought after in the international
market. Tuna export share however dropped by 6%, from 44% in 2014 to 38% in
2016. Shrimps and Tiger Prawn export share rose by 5% in the same period.
Over the period 2011-2016, herewith are the annual average volume and values of
the Philippine Fishery production. The leading provinces with their main species of
production by volume (Metric Tons), and by value (Php’000) are cited. Tables are
provided such that the distant placers are also included for the purpose of identifying
development areas for potential government support or private sector investment
towards higher production growth and financial returns. Support may come in the form
of grants, low interest loans, new drying and cooling facilities, low cost fingerlings; and
fish meal and pellets, which are mostly imported. The lack of feeds impacts production
level across all farmed species.
NATIONAL FISHERY
Palawan is the highest producer overall at 12% of Total Fishery. Tawi–
Tawi and Sulu follow due to various aquaculture production. Pampanga brings in top
value due to brackishwater mud crab, freshwater tilapia, rice fishery, and
aquaculture; South Cotabato by marine tuna; Pangasinan by talaba and marine bangus;
and Palawan by municipal marine and aquaculture. Not in the top 10 but Lanao del
Norte brings in even higher return per unit. Total Fishery value is comprised of about
47% Marine Fishery and 53% Inland Fishery. National Fishery averaged 4.7M MT, and
valued P236M.
COMMERCIAL FISHERY
The top producers in volume and value are South Cotabato and Zamboanga City due
to Frigate, Skipjack, and Yellowfin Tuna. However, Indian Sardines (Tamban) is the top
commercial fish produce, while Skipjack (Gulyasan) is the highest value
contributor. Yellowfin Tuna generates the highest return per unit while Negros
Occidental brings in the most value per unit. National Commercial Fishery averaged 1.1M
MT, and valued P64M.
MUNICIPAL FISHERY
 The core of Municipal Fishery is Bigeyed Scad (Matambaka) at 6% of

total Municipal Fishery. Palawan is the leading producer due to predominance
in Municipal Marine fishery. National Municipal Fishery averaged 1.25M MT, and
valued P80.5M.
 In Municipal Marine fishery, Palawan and Iloilo lead production and bring in the
highest values. Although not in the top 10, Surigao del Sur generates a higher
return per unit. Among the species, Yellowfin tuna brings in the highest return per
unit. National Municipal Marine Fishery averaged 1.1M MT, and valued P71.6M.
 There are more high-producing provinces in Municipal Inland than
in Municipal Marine, but smaller in tonnage and value. Rizal leads
production, Maguindanao brings top value, and Cagayan generates the highest
return per unit. Suso is the top produce, tilapia gives top value, and dalag offers
the highest return per unit. National Municipal Inland Fishery averaged 195.6K
MT, and valued P8.8M.
AQUACULTURE
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) tops in aquaculture production

at 27% of total Aquaculture. The Liguasan Marsh and Bulusan Lake in Maguindanao are
home to tilapia, catfish, and mudfish in fish cages and fish pens. But Central Luzon
Region contributes the most value. By province, Palawan leads due to seaweed; Tawi-
Tawi and Sulu follow. By value, Pampanga leads due to
freshwater sugpo and tilapia; Pangasinan due to marine bangus; and Batangas due
to tilapia and freshwater bangus. Bulacan and Negros Occidental bring in the highest
value per unit. Seaweed is the top produce, Bangus brings top value, and tiger
prawn and mudcrab generate the highest values per unit. The top 10 produce do not
necessarily bring the relative value per unit. There might be more volatility in
aquaculture. By value share, Brackishwater Fishpond holds the biggest share with an
increase from 50% to 52%, while Seaweed has the biggest drop from 12% to
9%. National Aquaculture averaged 2.4M MT, and valued P91.7M.
MARICULTURE
Talaba and tahong production are low compared to seaweed, but their contributing values
are increasing.
 Talaba is most prevalent in Capiz and Bulacan, and both contribute the highest
value. But Aklan at 8th place brings in the highest return per unit. National
Oysters averaged 21.1K MT, valued P179M. Oysters are 1.3% of
total Mariculture value.
 Tahong is prevalent in Capiz, Samar, and Cavite although their contributing
values are in the reverse order. Metro-Manila brings in the highest value per unit.
National Mussels averaged 20.7K MT, valued P243.7M. Mussels are 1.3% of total
Mariculture value.
 Seaweed takes the lead at 67% of national Aquaculture. Palawan, Tawi-Tawi,
and Sulu are the top producers, and the highest value
contributors. Camarines Sur generates the highest return per unit although it
ranks 14th place. Seaweed is prevalent in many provinces, thus, contributes a high
value overall despite a downward trend in production. National Seaweed averaged
1.6M MT, valued at P9.3M. Seaweed is 97.4% of total Mariculture value.
MARINE FISHERY
 The core of Marine Fish Cage is bangus at 99% of

total Marine Fish Cage. Pangasinan is the top producer of marine bangus, and the
highest value contributor as well. Davao del Sur is a distant follower. By value,
Sarangani brings in the highest value per unit, thus South Cotabato moved down
a notch. Not in the top 10 is Negros Occidental with an even higher return per
unit. National Marine Fish Cage averaged 99.7K MT, and valued P10.8M.
 The core of Marine Fish Pen is bangus at 99% of total Marine Fish Pens.
Pangasinan is the top producer and highest value contributor. Davao del Sur is a
far second. Surigao del Norte leads in spiny lobster and grouper, and brings in the
highest value per unit. National Marine Fish Pen averaged 17.4K MT, and valued
P1.8M.
 By species, Indian Sardines (Tamban) leads in Marine Fishery, while Skipjack

(Gulysan) contributes top value. Yellowfin Tuna (Tambakol) brings in the highest
return per unit. Not in the top 10 but Spanish Mackerel (Tanigue) generates an even
higher return per unit. Total Marine Fishery averaged 1.7M MT, and valued
P109.7M.
BRACKISHWATER FISHERY
 The core of Brackishwater Fish Cage is bangus at 80% of total Brackishwater Fish
Cage. Agusan del Norte is he top producer and the highest value
contributor. Cagayan is a distant second but leads in tilapia. Ilocos Sur brings in
the highest return per unit. National Brackishwater Fish Cage averaged 976 MT,
and valued P109.8M
The core of Brackishwater Fish Pen is bangus at 96% of total Brackishwater Fish Pen. La
Union is the top producer and the highest value contributor. Aklan is a far
second. Samar and Ilocos Sur bring in the highest values per unit; and Biliran loses its
10th place to Iloilo’s higher value generation. Not in the top 10 is Siquijor but brings in
an even higher return per unit. National Brackishwater Fish Pen averaged 1.1K MT, and
valued P108.6M.
The core of Brackishwater Fish Pond is bangus, but sugpo, mud crab, and tilapia also have
high levels of volume and value. By share: bangus is 48%, sugpo 15%, mud crab 5%,
and tilapia 5% of total Brackishwater Fish Pond. Pampanga is the main producer of sugpo,
mud crab, tilapia, and bangus, and the highest value contributor overall. Lanao del
Norte leads in sugpo and mud crab. Zamboanga del Sur leads in tiger
prawn. Capiz and Sorsogon lead in bangus and tilapia. Pangasinan and Bulacan are high
producers of sugpo and bangus. Iloilo, Negros Occidental and Quezon are also high
producers of bangus. Misamis Occidental brings in the highest value per unit
overall. National Brackishwater Fish Pond averaged 323K MT, valued P48.1M.
FRESHWATER FISHERY
 The core of Freshwater Fish Cage is bangus and tilapia, at 85% and 17% of
total Freshwater Fish Cage, respectively. Batangas is the lead producer and
highest value contributor due to bangus and tilapia. Laguna and Camarines
Sur follow. Rizal and Laguna lead in carp production. Albay and Benguet bring in
the highest returns per unit, while Metro-Manila loses its 8th place
to Maguindanao. National Freshwater Fish Cage averaged 97.4K MT, valued at
P19M.
 The core of Freshwater Fish Pen is bangus, tilapia and carp at 40%, 34% and 24%
of total Freshwater Fish Pen,
respectively. Rizal leads tilapia, bangus and carp production, and contributes the
highest value overall. Sultan Kudarat, and Maguindanao follow. Outside the top 5,
the rest pale in comparison. By value, Maguindanao brings in the highest return
per unit. National Freshwater Fish Pen averaged 41.3K MT, and valued P3.4M.
 The core of Freshwater Fish Pond is tilapia, comprising 98% of total Freshwater
Fish Pond. Pampanga leads in tilapia production, as well as in value
contribution. Isabela and Iloilo bring in the highest value per unit. Not in the top
10 are Nueva Viscaya and Ifugao but they contribute even higher returns per
unit. National Freshwater Fish Pond averaged 146.2K MT, and valued P10.4M.
SMALL FARM RESERVOIR
The core of Small Farm Reservoir is tilapia and hito at 84% and 5% of total Small Farm
Reservoir, respectively. Quirino takes the lead due to tilapia and mudfish, and is the top
value contributor as well. Pampanga is a close second for producing more types of fish
(tilapia, hito, and gourami). By value, Cagayan at 5th place brings in the highest value per
unit. But Negros Occidental although at 13th place, generates an even higher return per
unit. National Small Farm Reservoir averaged 173 MT, and valued P12.3K.
RICE FISHERY
The core of Rice Fishery production is tilapia at 81% of total Rice Fishery, which as a
subsector of aquaculture is even smaller than Small Farm Reservoir. Pampanga takes the
lead in Rice Fishery in volume and value, and is worth citing for producing 82% of
total Rice Fishery comprising all the main species –tilapia, carp, catfish, mudfish, and
gourami. By value, Iloilo brings in the highest return per unit. National Rice
Fishery averaged 24 MT, and valued P1.4K.
TRENDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 2017, Total Fisheries decreased slightly by 1.1%. Commercial fisheries decreased by

10.9% and Municipal fisheries decreased by !%, while Aquaculture improved 5% in its
harvests. Tuna accounted for 87% of total fish landings at GenSan Fishport amounting to
210,761 MT.
By mid 2018, Total Fisheries production registered 1.133K MT, or 2.6% higher than mid
2017. Commercial fishery improved by 2%, Municipal Marine fishery declined by
3.4%, Municipal Inland fishery improved by 4.3%, and Aquaculture improved 5.8%. Of
the major species, milkfish, yellowfin tuna, roundscad and tiger prawn outputs decreased, of
which the highest decrease was in yellowfin tuna by 15%. In contrast, seaweed, tilapia and
skipjack outputs increased, of which the highest increase was tilapia by 14%. The GenSan
Fishport again takes the lead in Commercial fishery at P18M or 31% of total Fishery.
Currently, the Philippines is the leading exporter of high-grade Yellowfin Tuna to
the European Union despite depletion of stock. According to the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization’s State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018, the
Philippines rose to 10th place from 12th in marine capture production despite a 4.3%
decline in volume, overtaking Chile and Myanmar.
There is a strong rationale to further support the increase

in Seaweed production: Climate Change. The latest finding is that Seaweed can absorb
CO2 from the air and trap CO2 in the water. Seaweed can capture CO2 20 times more
than land forests can. The vast Amazon Forest captures 2 billion tons of CO2 per year.
Imagine what vast farms of large Kelp seaweed can do. Reducing CO2 levels helps to
combat the effects of global Climate Change. In addition, Seaweed serves as habitats for
marine life, reduces ocean acidity, provides us a highly nutritious food source, and can
be turned into biodegradable packaging.
Sources of Statistical Data: DA-BFAR, Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), Fisheries

Statistics Division; and Philippine Statistics Authority.
List of Major Fishing Grounds of the World

The World's Ocean Fishing grounds are located in the cool waters of the
northern hemisphere because in southern hemisphere commercial ocean
fishing is less developed and best fishing grounds founded above continental
shelves. Here, we are giving the list of World' major fishing ground of the
world for enhancing the general knowledge of the readers.
SHAKEEL ANWAR
JUN 6, 2017 00:00 IST
The World's Ocean Fishing grounds are located in the cool waters of the
northern hemisphere because in southern hemisphere commercial ocean
fishing is less developed and best fishing grounds founded above continental
shelves. Here, we are giving the list of World' major fishing ground of the
world for enhancing the general knowledge of the readers.
List of Major Fishing Grounds of the World
The North-West Pacific Region
I. It stretches from the Bering Sea to East China Sea and the world's largest
as well as greatest fishing ground.
It extends southward from the outer Aleutian Islands in the north to the
central pacific, north of the Philippine Islands.
II. The region has greatest asset is its fish in which Salmon, king crab,
herring, halibut, Alaskan Pollock and cod are famous catches.
III. Japan is at the top in commercial fishing of this region, followed by

China, North and South Korea, and Russia
The North East Atlantic and adjacent region of the

Arctic
I. It stretches from Iceland to Mediterranean shores that covered some of
the European countries like Norway, Denmark, Spain, Iceland and the United
Kingdom.
II. It is a World’s best fish-exporting region.
List of the Major Straits of the World

The North West Atlantic
I. It covers the Grand Bank and the Georges Bank area of the northwest
Atlantic.
II. This region is blessed with the convergence of the Gulf Stream and the
Labrador Current that enhance the fishing productivity. The Cod, Halibut,
tuna, squid, flounder, redfish, and salmon; herring and mackerel are famous
fishes caught here.
The North East Pacific

I. It stretches from Alaska to California along the western shores of North
America forms the fourth largest fishing area of the world.
II. Salmon, tuna, halibut and sardines are found on the surface of this
region.
III. This region is famous for the world's best cod fishing ground along with
herring and haddock.
The South East Pacific

I. It stretches from Pacific Coast of South America that includes Panama to
Cape Horn.
II. The northward flowing Peru Current provides an ideal environment for the
anchovy culture because it is associated with a coastal upwelling of nutrient
rich colder water laden with plankton on which the anchovy feeds.
Interesting facts about Earth’s Hydrosphere

The West Central Pacific
I. It stretches from the Philippines and Southern Indonesia to the Australian
coast.
II. Redfish, bass, mullet, mackerel, oyster, crabs and tuna are famous fishes
found in this region.
III. These regions have been subjected to differential level of fisheries

development because of the operation of factors such as:
(a) Market demand
(b) State of technical development, storage, transportation and refrigeration
In the above list of World’s Major Fishing Grounds gives the general
awareness about the commercial Ocean fishing and why these regions are
famous for fishing.
Gk Fact: Amazing |Science|History|Sports| Economic

Located in Indo-Pacific's Coral Triangle and boasting over 7,000 islands, the Philippines is home to
some of the world's best scuba diving. With pristine coral reefs, lush coral gardens, huge schools of
fish, rare critters, manta rays, and even whale sharks--there's something for everyone in the Philippines!
On top of all that, the hospitality of the Philippines dive staff, assortment of amazing dive resorts and
liveaboards, along with the warm waters and picturesque landscape will give you some of the best
memories in your entire scuba diving life.
With so many islands and amazing dive spots, deciding on the best place to dive in the Philippines
is no easy task. But, worry not! We've rounded up a list of the best scuba diving destinations in the
Philippines complete with information on what to see, when to go and where to stay, so that you can
pick the perfect spot for your next Philippines dive vacation, hassle-free!
PHILIPPINES' BEST DIVING SPOTS

Pick a destination or scroll down to read the entire list:
1. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park - Highest Biodiversity
2. Anilao, Batangas - Best Muck Diving
3. Dauin, Dumaguete - All-In-One Luxury Destination
4. Moalboal, Cebu - Mind-Blowing Sardine Baitball
5. Puerto Galera, Mindoro - Beautiful Beaches + Diverse Dives
6. Anda, Bohol - Bohol's Hidden Gem
7. Malapascua, Cebu - Thresher Sharks + Macro
8. Coron Bay, Palawan - Easy WWII Wreck Diving
9. Other Great Places in the Philippines
BONUS #1: Best Time to Dive
BONUS #2: Flight Information
Can't wait to start planning your trip to the Philippines? View the live availability of some of
the best liveaboards in the Philippines or check out our area guide for choosing the best dive resort
in the Philippines!
1. TUBBATAHA REEFS, PALAWAN
HIGHEST BIODIVERSITY
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Palawan, in the heart of
the Sulu Sea. Many would agree that Tubbataha is the best diving spot in the Philippines, and one of
the most biodiverse diving spots on earth.
Pristine coral reefs, the richest marine biodiversity in the country, and pelagic action. Big or
small, Tubbataha has them all.
Tubbataha is home to no less than 600 species of fish, 360 species of corals (about 50% of the coral
species in the world), 11 species of sharks (including tiger sharks, whale sharks, and whitetips), 13
species of dolphins and whales, nesting hawksbill and green sea turtles. You can also see manta rays,
schools of barracuda and tuna, and smaller marine life like nudibranchs, ornate ghost pipefish,
seahorses, and frogfish.
"Tubbataha boasts incredible biodiversity, pristine coral reefs and, and a chance to dive with large
marine animals. The water temps are warm and visibility is often excellent, making it perfect for great
photo ops." - Bluewater Travel Advisor & Trip Leader Katie Yonker.
Amos Rock is often cited as the best dive site in Tubbataha, boasting colorful soft corals, massive
schools of fish, large reef sharks and a gorgonian-covered wall. Washing Machine in the North Atoll
is known for some of the best visibility within the marine park and is home to grey reef sharks and
plenty of tropical reef fish. You might even see a whale shark or two if you're lucky! Black Rock in
the South Atoll is a popular dive spot for whitetip sharks, rays and schools of grouper and giant trevally.
Learn more on Tubbataha diving
WHERE TO STAY
Tubbataha can only be accessed via a liveaboard.
A week-long liveaboard trip is the norm in Tubbataha, but you can find longer "transition" trips offered
in combination with other areas in the Philippines, including Dauin, Apo Island and Cabilao. The
diving season of Tubbataha Reefs lasts only from February/March to June when the sea conditions are
at the calmest and the weather is hot and dry. Due to the short diving season liveaboard trips in
Tubbataha fill up early, so planning your trip in advance would be a great idea.
There are at least a dozen of liveaboards to choose from in Tubbataha.
Nirvana is a brand-new 131-foot (40-meter) luxury liveaboard in the Philippines, catering up to 22

divers in 11 spacious cabins. You'll find an extensive range of great amenities aboard, including a
spacious sun deck with a jacuzzi, and an impressive 'Al-Fresco' Bar!
Philippine Siren is a great option in Tubbataha. This beautiful 131-foot (40-meter) Phinisi-style yacht
features spacious and modern cabins, plenty of space on the main deck for divers and underwater
photographers, and exceptional chef-prepared meals.
View all liveaboards in Tubbataha
HOW TO GET THERE
To get to Tubbataha, you have to fly into Manila (MNL) and take a domestic flight to Puerto Princessa
(PPR) which takes a little over an hour. A typical liveaboard trip to Tubbataha would usually depart
from Puerto Princessa. The navigation takes around 10 hours.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: 32 to 114 feet (10-35m depending on the tides)
Non-Diving Activities: Tubbataha is suitable for snorkelers.
Required Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced recommended. Strong currents might be present at
some of the sites.
Back to List of Destinations
2. ANILAO, BATANGAS
BEST MUCK DIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES
Only a 2-hour drive away from Manila lies Anilao, one of the world's best macro photography
destinations. Boasting a wide array of rare critters, it's literally a heaven-on-earth for muck diving,
blackwater diving, and macro photography.
"Anilao offers some of the best diving anywhere in the world for those looking to explore the macro
world. The diversity, density, and quality of subjects is simply beyond belief. Offering dives on
beautiful and healthy coral sites, to barren sand flats, Anilao has it all. Being so close to Manila, it is
also one of the most easily accessible dive destinations, which is a major benefit for those of us who
travel from the US and Europe." - Photo Pro & Bluewater Trip Leader Erik Lukas
The long list of small-scale sea life and critters that you can find in Anilao include nudibranchs,
frogfish, seahorses, cuttlefish, pipefish, and...so much more. But don't leave your wide-angle lens at
home. Beautiful coral reefs, turtles, huge schools of jacks, jellyfish, and the occasional reef sharks
await in Anilao.
Prepare your critter list with this comprehensive guide on muck diving.
Hairy frogfish is one of the many species of frogfish that you'll find while diving in Anilao, especially at Secret Bay!
Secret Bay, also known as Manit Muck, is probably the best muck dive site in Anilao. Here, you can
find mimic octopus, wonderpus, pipefish, frogfish, and the list goes on. Don't forget to dive Manit at
night to see this wonderful site come to life.
Bobbit worm and stargazer, photographed by Bluewater owner Scott Gietler.
The Pier, along with Secret Bay, is among the highly requested dive sites during our annual macro
photography workshops in Anilao. You can find the much-sought-after bobbit
worms and stargazers! Twin Rocks is great for macro and wide-angle alike, with pristine soft corals,
schooling jacks, and plenty of small fish. Beatrice is a great wide-angle site with colorful corals
teeming with anthias and other reef fish.
The diving season in Anilao is year round.
Learn more on Anilao diving
WHERE TO STAY
Diving in Anilao is predominantly land-based. There are plenty of great dive resorts in Anilao.
Here at Bluewater Photo & Travel, we have been running macro photography workshops at Crystal
Blue Resort in Anilao for the past 10 years. Located in Bagalangit, the heart of Anilao, the resort has
everything an avid diver and underwater photographer needs--comfortable rooms, easy access to the
dive sites, knowledgeable dive guides, and top-notch photography amenities.
Aiyanar Beach & Dive Resort in Anilao is a great 4-star dive resort, featuring an infinity pool,
spacious and stylish rooms, a clubhouse, well-equipped dive center, and photography facilities, and
more!
See our exclusive deals in Anilao

Interested in macro photography? Join our photo workshops at Crystal Blue Resort in December
2019 and April/May 2020. Daily workshops provided at no extra cost!
IS THERE A LIVEABOARD IN ANILAO?
Yes and no. You can find a few liveaboard trips sailing from or to Anilao in combination with other
regions in the Philippines, but these trips usually don't offer any scuba diving in Anilao itself. However,
these trips are great options for those looking to live longer in the Philippines.
Solitude One is a majestic 170-foot (52-meter) liveaboard vessel, which offers Anilao to Anilao trips
in summer months. These week-long trips take you to various great dive regions in the Philippines,
notably the superb Verde Island, Romblon--another great place to visit for macro photography
aficionado--and Ticao which offers a high chance to see manta rays. There's even a variation that takes
you to dive with thresher sharks in Malapascua.
HOW TO GET TO ANILAO
Anilao is one of the easiest Philippines scuba diving destinations to get to. Fly into Manila (MNL)
and Anilao is only a 2-3 hour ride from the Manila airport. Most resorts offer return transfers,
sometimes for free, so getting there and back is really a breeze. See how to get to the Philippines.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Wetsuit: 3mm full wetsuit with booties
Visibility: Avg. 40 to 50ft (10-15m)
Non-diving activities: Snorkeling and kayaking
Required Diving Skill Level: Anilao is beginner-friendly since most of the sites are not deep and
strong currents are rarely present.
EXCLUSIVE DEALS IN ANILAO
Aiyanar Beach & Dive Resort - $260 Off
As low as $1,745 $1,485/person for 7 nights all-inclusive.

Stay and book before November 15th, 2019.
FREE Nitrox at Crystal Blue Resort
As low as $969/person for 4 nights all-inclusive.
Book before September 25th, 2019.
3. DAUIN, DUMAGUETE
BEST ALL-IN-ONE LUXURY DIVE VACATION SPOT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Situated on Negros Island lies another world class diving destination for macro photography, Dauin.
Most of the best dive sites are located along the coastline of Dauin, which is 20 minutes away from the
City of Dumaguete itself.
The Dumaguete area is best known for its excellent muck diving, great coral reefs nearby, and its
assortment of luxurious beachfront dive resorts which are relatively affordable compared to other
diving destinations in the world. Most Dumaguete dive resorts also offer a day trip to Oslob where you
can swim and snorkel up-close with whale sharks.
"What makes the diving in Dumaguete really special is that many of the dive sites have great coral
reefs filled with fish, right alongside muck sites. This means that a hard-core macro photographer
diving with family or friends can go to the same dive site together, and have different dive guides for
different underwater experiences." - Scott Gietler
Left: A massive school of jacks, seen at Apo Island on a Bluewater trip in June 2019. Right: Whale shark
snorkeling at Oslob.
Apo Island is a small marine preserve located 30-40 minute boat ride away from most dive resorts,
known for its healthy coral gardens, massive schools of fish, sea snakes, and sea turtles. Coconut
Point at Apo offers a thrilling drift dive experience over a sloping wall where bumphead parrotfish
and marbled groupers can be seen while green sea turtles cruise effortlessly in the currents.
Just a little sampling of the marine life that you can see along the Dauin Coast. By Bluewater Trip Leader/Travel
Advisor Katie Yonker
The variety of marine life that you can find along the Dauin Coast include various types of frogfish,
dragonets, pipefish, nudibranchs, blue-ring octopuses, bobtail squids, mandarin fish, seahorses,
cardinalfish (with eggs), various shrimps and crabs.
The main diving season in Dumaguete is October to early June, but the prolific marine life of Dauin
can be found all year round, so there’s no worry of missing out.
Learn more on Dumaguete diving

WHERE TO STAY
Here comes the fun part. Some of the best luxury dive resorts in the country can be found here in
Dumaguete.
Atlantis Dive Resort is an amazing option for anyone looking for an all-inclusive tropical dive
vacation, within proximity to Dauin's best dive sites. The resort features spacious and comfortable
rooms, well-equipped dive center and photography facilities, great ocean-front restaurant and bar, spa
services, and just about everything else that a diver or underwater photographer would need.
Atmosphere Resort & Spa is one of the best luxury dive resorts in Dumaguete. With 3 amazing pools,
impeccable diving services, great food, a godsend babysitting service, and an otherworldly spa,
Atmosphere Resort has everything that a diver (and a parent) could want or need and more! They make
traveling with young kids, not only possible but much easier!
See our exclusive deals in Dumaguete
HOW TO GET TO DAUIN
From Manila (MNL), you can take a quick 45-minute flight to Dumaguete (DGT). Many luxury
resorts like Atlantis Dive Resort and Atmosphere Resort & Spa offer return transfers free of charge.
Dauin, where most of the resorts are, is only half an hour away from Dumaguete. See how to get to
the Philippines.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: 30–40 ft in Dauin, 60-90 ft in Apo Island
Non-Diving Activities: Snorkel with whale sharks at Oslob, soak up the sun, eat and drink very well
at the luxury resort of your choice, and try out all the different spa treatments available at your resort
Required Diving Skill Level: Dauin’s dive sites are relatively easy to dive for all divers,
experienced or not.
EXCLUSIVE DEALS IN DUMAGUETE
25% Off at Atlantis Dumaguete
As low as $1,243 $932/person for 4 nights all-inclusive.

Stay 4 nights or more! Book before Sept 30th, 2019
17% Off Rooms Atmosphere Resort & Spa
As low as $2,736 $2,426/person for a 6-night all-inclusive luxury dive vacation.
Stay anytime between July to Sept '19 and June to Sept '20
4. MOALBOAL, CEBU
THE PLACE TO GO FOR SARDINE RUN IN THE PHILIPPINES
Moalboal in Cebu is best known for its Sardine Run, the world-renowned humongous sardine bait ball
which can be witnessed at Panagsama Beach. Up to 7 million sardines are estimated to reside in here.
Imagine that!
You can scuba dive, snorkel or freedive to witness this mind mindblowing (and vertigo-inducing)
event. That's right! No scuba diving equipment necessary!
The sardine bait ball in Moalboal was one of the highlights of the Bluewater group trip on the Philippine Siren
which visited best dive spots in the Visayas, including Malapascua
Scuba diving in Moalboal is diverse and very vibrant. Think big schools of fish, beautiful walls,
canyons and caves, and fascinating macro life. Pescador Island offers some of the best dives in the
Philippines, featuring a dramatic wall with colorful soft corals teeming with anthias. Then there is a
large cathedral on the west side of Pescador which makes a nice background for dramatic underwater
shots. You can also see schools of barracuda, beautiful caves, reef sharks, and also smaller marine life
like nudibranchs and frogfish.
"Moalboal boasts one of the most exciting dives I’ve done at Panagsama Reef. Here, massive schools
of sardines, swirl in mesmerizing patterns as snorkelers on the surface dive down to swim through
them. Also in Moalboal is Pescador Island - a diver’s playground complete with caverns and swim-
throughs which make for stunning photos when the lighting is right." - Bluewater Trip Leader/Travel
Advisor Katie Yonker
Magic Point, the house reef of Magic Island Dive Resort, is a great dive site to see mating mandarin
fish, frogfish, turtles, schools of jack, and pristine reefs with hard and soft corals. Other great sites
include Talisay Wall, a beautiful slope and wall with plenty of caves to explore, lots of black coral,
batfish and barracuda, and Tuble Reef which is known for its caves and forest of sea fan corals.
If you're more of a "big animal" fan, you can head to Oslob to swim with whale sharks. It's only a 2-
hour drive away from Moalboal and many resorts offer a day trip to Oslob as an optional activity.
Some, like Magic Island Dive Resort, would even include it for free with their all-inclusive package.
Moalboal's diving season is year-round.
Learn more on Moalboal diving
WHERE TO STAY
Dive resorts and dive centers can be easily found in Moalboal.
Magic Island Dive Resort is a great dive resort located in the quiet southern part of the peninsula,
within proximity to Moalboal's top sites. This intimate boutique resort consists of 10 bungalows with
en-suite bathrooms and private balconies, offering either a sea or pool view, and features a well-
equipped dive center with knowledgeable dive staff.
Liveaboards often include Moalboal and Pescador Island as one of the highlights of the trips that visit
the Visayas. The Philippine Siren offers such trips from June to February, when they are not sailing
in Tubbataha.
Note that liveaboard itineraries are subject to change, depending on sea and weather conditions.
Double-check with your travel advisor and or dive operator prior to booking a liveaboard trip if you
want to visit certain dive sites.
See our exclusive deals in Moalboal or join our Best Of Visayas Photo Workshop in February 2020
which features Moalboal as one of the highlights!
HOW TO GET TO MOALBOAL
The easiest way is to get to Moalboal is to fly internationally into Cebu (CEBU). Most dive resorts in
Moalboal offer transportation from and to the airport, which usually takes 2 to 4 hours one-way.
See how to get to the Philippines
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: 30 to 100+ ft (10-30m+)

Non-diving activities: Swim with whale sharks at Oslob, or snorkel and freedive around Moalboal
Required skill level: Beginner to Advanced.
EXCLUSIVE DEAL IN MOALBOAL

$300 Off at Magic Oceans & Magic Island Dive Resorts
All-Inclusive Anda/Moalboal Combo Dive Vacation
Bait ball, fascinating macro, and whale sharks in one trip!
Now at only $2,250 $1,950/person for 8 nights. Book before Dec 31st, 2019.
5. PUERTO GALERA, MINDORO

DIVERSE DIVING HOTSPOT WITH BEAUTIFUL BEACHES
Puerto Galera is one of the most popular diving destinations in the Philippines–and all for good
reasons! One of the most enticing aspects of Puerto Galera is the extensive range of dive spots,
combined with its beautiful beaches. Whether you're into macro or wide-angle photography, a
beginner or advanced diver...or even if you don't dive at all, there’s something for everyone in Puerto
Galera!
"Topside, Puerto Galera is a social place, with easily walkable restaurants, picturesque happy hours
on piers overlooking the water, and small shops. Underwater, it offers diverse diving including great
macro within a 10-minute boat ride and incredible wide-angle including nice corals and huge sea
fans at nearby Verde Island. Also easy to combine with Anilao." - Bluewater Owner, Scott Gietler
Gazillions of anthias seen on a day trip to Verde Island. Photographed by Bluewater owner Scott Gietler while
staying at Atlantis Dive Resort in Puerto Galera.
For the thrill seekers, Canyons provide plenty of action with its strong currents. For those interested
in underwater wrecks, the three sunken boats of the Sabang Wrecks offer a fascinating dive trip. Don't
forget to include a day trip to dive at Verde Island during your stay in Puerto Galera. Its passage is
known to offer some of the highest biodiversity in the Philippines and it's an amazing place for wide
angle photography!
Nudibranchs, reef octopuses, frogfish, and seahorses can be seen in abundance in Puerto Galera. There
are also many stunning soft and hard corals to be found while exploring the reefs of this dream
destination.
Like most of the Philippines, Puerto Galera can be dived all-year-round.
Learn more on Puerto Galera diving
WHERE TO STAY
Some liveaboards include Puerto Galera in their itineraries, however, most of the dive sites can be
easily accessed via a dive resort. Furthermore, Puerto Galera is home to wonderful beaches and some
of the best dive resorts in the Philippines, so it makes a lot of sense to opt for a resort.
Atlantis Puerto Galera, the sister resort of Atlantis Dumaguete, is a great choice for divers and
underwater photographers seeking luxury and comfort while exploring Puerto Galera's best sites. This
beachfront dive resort features a nice swimming pool, spacious bungalows, on-site spa services,
delicious meals, ample space for photography equipment--everything that a scuba diver and
underwater photographer could want!
El Galleon Dive Resort is another great beachfront resort in Puerto Galera with a wide variety of
rooms, from budget to luxury, suitable for single travelers, families, and groups alike. The resort
features a sizeable pool, a nice beachfront restaurant and bar, and a well-equipped dive center which
also supports technical diving.
See our exclusive deals in Puerto Galera
HOW TO GET TO PUERTO GALERA
Fly into Manila (MNL) then take a van or a taxi to Batangas Pier, which takes around 2 hours. From
there you can take a ferry to Puerto Galera, which takes about an hour. Most resorts, like Atlantis,
offer transportation from and to the airport with a reasonable fee.
See how to get to the Philippines
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: Typically between 50 – 80 feet (15-25m), may reach 100+ feet (30m+) in certain diving
areas
Non-Diving Activities: Snorkeling, Beach & Island Hopping, Golf, Walking, Trekking and
Running, and Waterfall Trip
Required Skill Level: Beginner to Advanced. Most of the dive sites in Puerto Galera are no deeper
than 20m and suitable for beginners.
EXCLUSIVE DEALS IN PUERTO GALERA

25% Off at Atlantis Puerto Galera
As low as $1,089 $817/person for 4 nights all-inclusive.
Stay 4 nights or more! FREE nitrox. Book before Sept 30th, 2019.
Free Room Upgrade + Massage at El Galleon Dive Resort
As low as $902/person for 5 nights all-inclusive.
6. ANDA, BOHOL
OFF-THE-BEATEN-PATH DIVE VACATION SPOT
The ivory white beaches, laid-back atmosphere, lush green environment and abundance of marine life,
away from from the hustle and bustle of the more touristy spots of Bohol, make Anda a great choice
for scuba divers searching for an off-the-beaten-path dive vacation spot in the Philippines.
There are 17 kilometers of coastline to explore in Anda, with a good mix of wall, slope and sandy
muck dive sites as well as coral gardens. The diverse underwater topography and critter population in
Anda are really worth exploring.
You can see pygmy seahorses, skeleton shrimps, anemone shrimps, dragon sea moths, mantis shrimps,
Napoleon snake eels, nudibranchs, mating mandarin fish...you name it! Turtles and loads of beautiful
reef fish can also be seen in the area. Anda can also be dived all-year-round.
Learn more on diving in Bohol
WHERE TO STAY
Scuba diving via a resort is the norm in Anda. There are over 30 dive sites that can be accessed via
dive resorts in Anda, and most of the sites are no more than 10 minutes away from the resorts. 4 to 5
dives a per day, including a sunset or night dive to see mating mandarin fish, is quite common.
Magic Oceans Dive Resort, the sister resort of Magic Island in Moalboal, is a great operation, situated
on the quieter side of Bohol. This intimate boutique resort is known for its impeccable dive staff,
tranquil location, excellent house reef, easy access to the best dive sites in Anda. They've got everything
you need for a peaceful dive getaway in Anda.
See our exclusive deal in Anda & Moalboal
HOW TO GET TO ANDA, BOHOL
The easiest way to get to Anda is to fly into Manila (MNL) and take another short 1.5-hour flight to
Bohol (TAG) where you can be picked up by the staff of the resort of your choice.
Alternatively, you may fly into Cebu (CEB), then take a 2-hour ferry ride to Bohol. The entire
journey from Cebu airport to a resort in Anda may take up to 5 hours.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: 50-65 feet
Non-Diving Activities: Snorkeling, kayaking, paddle boarding, or sunbathing on the white sand
beaches. A trip the Chocolate Hills is also recommended.
Required Skill Level: All levels are welcome.
7. MALAPASCUA ISLAND, CEBU

THE WORLD'S BEST PLACE TO SEE THRESHER SHARKS
Though she is little, she is fierce. Malapascua is known to be the best place in the world to see
thresher sharks. This tiny oasis is the only place in the world where thresher sharks are consistently
seen daily. Combine that with its pristine waters and milky-white beaches, and you’ve got yourself a
perfect destination for a tropical dive vacation.
Monad Shoal is the best place to dive with thresher sharks. Other species of sharks and rays are also
commonly spotted around this site. The shy thresher sharks at Monad Shoal are usually seen first thing
in the morning at sunrise. Divers rest at approximately 25m (90ft) on the sandy bottom to watch the
sharks approach and be cleaned.
"Malapascua is unique because it has a little bit of everything and something that no other place has-
-thresher sharks. There is also excellent macro, wrecks, and underwater islands with colorful corals
and rich marine life. " - Bluewater Trip Leader & Travel Advisor Tim Yeo
Famous for thresher shark sightings, Malapascua also offers excellent macro life, so bring your macro lens along!
The numerous shallow reef sites around Malapascua offer excellent macro photography
opportunities. Gato Island boasts some of the most amazing macro life in the area and is also home to
a unique marine reserve with sea snake sanctuary. Some of the many macro photography subjects that
you can see here include cuttlefish (often while mating), seahorses, nudibranchs, scorpionfish, mantis
shrimp in action, and more.
The diving season in Malapascua is year round. However, please note that during the typhoon season
in the Philippines, from July to October, the weather in Malapascua could get rough and the visibility
could be drastically reduced.
Learn more on Malapascua diving

WHERE TO STAY
Dive resorts and liveaboards are available here in Malapascua. Most liveaboards, combine a trip to
Malapascua and other dive areas in the Visayas.
Philippine Siren is one of the boats that offer such trips. Their Malapascua & Visayas trips are
carefully planned to hit some of the best dive spots in the Visayas, including thresher sharks at
Malapascua Island, critter heaven at Dauin, big schools of fish at Moalboal and beautiful coral reefs at
Apo Island.
If you prefer staying on a beach resort, Ocean Vida Beach & Dive Resort is a great option. Situated
on Malapascua Island's beautiful Bounty Beach, this charming resort offers ocean views from almost
anywhere in the resort! They are also known for their high standards of service, above and below the
water.
See our exclusive deal in Malapascua or join our Best Of Visayas Photo Workshop in February
2020 which features Moalboal as one of the highlights!
HOW TO GET TO MALAPASCUA
You can fly internationally into Cebu (CEB). Liveaboards typically depart from Cebu and can arrange
a pick-up at the airport. If you opt for a land-based dive operator, you’ll need to take a 2.5-hour car
transfer to Maya followed by a 30-minute boat trip to Malapascua Island. See how to get to the
Philippines.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: 60-80 feet (18-24m) or less depending on the tides.
Non-Diving Activities: Apart from island/beach hopping there isn't much to do for non-divers in
Malapascua.
Required Skill Level: Advanced Open Water and nitrox certifications recommended. Most of the
dive sites are quite deep and nitrox allows an extended bottom time.
EXCLUSIVE DEAL IN MALAPASCUA & THE VISAYAS
Philippine Siren 30% Off

Sep 21st to Oct 1st, 2019 - Now only $4,200 $2,940
10 nights exploring Malapascua and Visayas' diving hot spots.
8. CORON BAY, PALAWAN

BEST WRECK DIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES
Home to THE BEST wreck dives in the Philippines, Coron Bay is also known for its jaw-droppingly
beautiful limestone cliffs and crystalline lagoons. The combination of great wrecks and picturesque
landscapes is what puts Coron on this list.
The historical World War II shipwrecks of Coron, Palawan are really unique. Coron Bay used to be
the harbor for World War II Japanese warships. 11 of these ships were sunk during an air attack in
September 1944. Today the wrecks of Coron serve as reef systems, supporting a number of marine
life. Some of the residents of these wrecks include scorpionfish, nudibranchs, cuttlefish, and octopuses.
You’ll even see the occasional reef shark or stingray, hovering near the wrecks.
The Okikawa Maru is the largest shipwreck in Coron. This 525-foot wreck is very beginner
friendly, with the top sitting at just 32 feet (10 meters) below the surface. Tangat Gunboat is another
popular wreck site. This submarine hunter is very shallow and can be enjoyed by beginner and
advanced divers alike.
WHERE TO STAY
Coron Bay hosts a wide range of land-based dive operators for all kinds of budgets. Please note that
Coron Bay is a very touristic area compared to most of the places on this list. If you want to stay away
from the crowds, diving Coron via a liveaboard is highly recommended. It also allows you to explore
more sites in a short period of time.
Liveaboards would often combine the wrecks of Coron with Mindoro Strait's Apo Reef in their
itineraries. Often referred to as "little Tubbataha", Apo Reef Natural Park is a UNESCO heritage site
candidate, boasting colorful walls, plenty of sharks, turtles, bumphead parrotfish, and huge schools of
snappers and tuna. Manta and eagle rays, as well as other pelagic species, are also commonly seen
around the area.
Great liveaboard options that offer this Coron Wrecks/Apo Reef combo itinerary include the Atlantis
Azores and Infiniti liveaboards. While Coron can be dived year-round these trips are typically offered
from January to February, right before the start of the diving season in Tubbataha.
HOW TO GET TO CORON
After flying to Manila (MNL), you have two options to get to Coron. One involves a 1-hour flight to
Busuanga (USU) followed by a 45-minute van ride to Coron. Your other option is a 13-14 hour ferry
trip straight to Coron.
Atlantis Azores liveaboard's 'Coron/Apo Reef' trips start and end in Puerto Galera, which is only a 2-
hour shuttle ride away from Manila airport.
See how to get to the Philippines.
DIVING CONDITIONS
Visibility: can reach up to 80 ft. (24m) in certain areas
Non-diving Activities: Island-hopping, beach hunting, snorkeling, and kayaking. A lively nightlife
scene is present if you opt for a land-based accommodation/resort.
Required Diving Skill Level: Beginner to Advanced. Most of the wrecks of Coron are not too deep
and can be enjoyed by divers of all levels.
9. MORE AWESOME PLACES TO DIVE IN THE

PHILIPPINES
IN CASE YOU WANT MORE...
Boracay in Aklan is known for its world-class for white-powder beaches and is home to interesting
macro life, and mola molas are occasionally seen here although the success rate is not as great as
in Nusa Penida in Bali, Indonesia.
1-hour flight away from Manila lies Donsol, an up-and-coming scuba diving destination where manta
rays are found feeding and being cleaned at Manta Bowl. Travelers also flock into this area from all
over the country for a chance to snorkel with whale sharks, free from feeding, from November through
June.
Cabilao Island on the west side of Bohol features interesting walls and coral gardens, with great macro
photography opportunities. Cabilao is often included in liveaboard trips visiting the Visayas.
Leyte is THE hidden gem of the Philippines scuba diving scene, with fantastic marine biodiversity,
comparable to other South East Asia and Philippines diving hotspots in, i.e. Tubbataha Reef and Alor
in Indonesia. Think Dauin (awesome macro) and Apo Island (wide-angle and bigger animals)
combined.
Is there any other place that should be on this list? Let us know your thoughts!
BEST TIME TO DIVE IN THE PHILIPPINES
November to May is the dry season in the Philippines, offering little to no rain and a nice hot and
humid weather. This period of time is often considered as the best time to dive in the Philippines and
is the most popular time to visit the country. Regardless, the diving season in the Philippines runs
year-round, keeping in mind that some of the areas and certain marine life sightings are either seasonal
or weather dependent, this includes Tubbataha which can only be dived around the months of March
to June.
During the wet season which typically runs from May to October, most of the dive sites remain great,
the waters are warmer, and you have the advantage of having fewer divers around in most
places. Typhoons may occur during the wet season, particularly around July to September. However,
it's a rare occasion and most of the dive areas are not affected. Don't let it keep you from visiting
the Philippines in summer months!
If you plan to visit the Philippines in the summer, it wouldn't hurt to double-check the weather report
and ask your travel advisor or dive operator for the latest updates on weather and diving conditions.
Don't forget to bring a light jacket and/or raincoat to protect you in case of rain.
Insider Tip: Many people shy away from diving the Philippines in the summer due to typhoon/rain
scare. The truth is, rain is highly unpredictable in tropical countries and you'll be surprised how sunny
it could get on certain days during this "rainy" season. Plus, there are fewer divers visiting around
these months, so many of the popular dive sites will be less busy.
The water temperatures throughout the country hover at 79-88˚F (24-31˚C) year-round a 3-5mm full
wetsuit would suffice. The waters get colder at the beginning of the year, from January to March,
during the dry "winter" season, and are at the warmest in the middle of the year.
Bringing an additional hoodie and shark skin during colder months is always a good idea, especially if
you're going to an area where thermoclines might occur.
HOW TO GET TO THE PHILIPPINES
Manila (MNL) and Cebu (CEB) are the two main international travel hubs in the Philippines.
From the U.S.: Philippine Airlines offers non-stop flights to Manila from major cities in the United
States, but there are plenty of other great air companies to choose from, including Cathay Pacific
(Hongkong) and EVA Air (Taiwan). These 3 airlines also offer flights from the U.S. to Cebu with no
more than a single stop.
From the U.K. & Europe: EVA Air and Cathay Pacific also offer flights to Cebu and Manila with a
single stop out of major European cities. For those of you who reside in the U.K. Cathay Pacific is the
best option. Emirates also offers flights into these two cities although the stopover in Dubai will extend
your travel time by a few hours.
From Asia: Lucky you! There are plenty of direct flights available to both Manila and Cebu, whether
you reside in Singapore, Hongkong, Kuala Lumpur other major Asian cities. You can choose from
many carriers, including low-cost carriers like AirAsia. Planning a dive trip to the Philippines is really
easy!
PLAN YOUR PHILIPPINES DIVE VACATION
Bluewater Travel is a full-service dive-travel agency. We can book you a resort or a liveaboard virtually
almost anywhere in the Philippines (and the world) at the same price, or even lower, than booking
any other way. Our team of travel advisors has been to most of these places, for some of them even
many times. We know the diving, resorts, liveaboards, and logistics better than anyone else in this
industry. To get started you can:
Email us or leave us a message through the live chat box to start planning your trip!
 Back to List of Destinations
The 10 Most Beautiful Coral Reefs in the

World
9/5/2019 — By Daniel Bortz
© Jeremy Brown | Dreamstime.com

For snorkelers and deep-sea divers, coral reefs are the ultimate treasure troves. Also called the
"rainforests of the sea," coral reefs are rich ecosystems that are teeming with underwater gardens,
colorful rock formations, and diverse marine life.
Coral reefs are found in more than 100 countries, according to Coral Reef Alliance, a nonprofit
that focuses on protecting reefs around the world.
Need a little help narrowing down your options? Here is Budget Travel’s list of the most
beautiful coral reefs around the globe.
The West Bay in Roatan, Honduras

The second-largest barrier reef in the world is a must-see. Only yards away from a one-mile
beach of white sand and palm trees, the West Bay is filled with canyons and crevices, hard and
soft corals, and vibrant yellow and purple sea fans. It’s also one of the best-preserved coral reefs
in the Caribbean.
Raja Ampat in Indonesia

Located at the intersection of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Raja Ampat archipelago is home
to one of the most colorful coral reefs in the world. Fed by nutrients from deep-sea currents, Raja
Ampat – the most biodiverse coral reef ecosystem in the world – is known as the “Crown Jewel”
of the Coral Triangle, an area of tropical marine waters in the western Pacific Ocean.
Gordon Reef in Egypt

Banner fish, parrot fish, cornet fish, and blue-spotted sting rays are just a few of the many marine
animals that inhabit Egypt’s Gordon Reef. Keep your eyes peeled for sleeping reef sharks, and
don’t miss the remains of the famous Loullia shipwreck, which ran aground on the northern end
in 1981. Due to the shallowness of the water, the luminosity is exceptional.
Aharen Beach in Okinawa, Japan

Snorkelers and divers alike travel here to glimpse the beauty of this reef’s white-sand ocean
floor, bright coral formations, sea turtles, and schools of tiny, colorful tropical fish. Underwater
life thrives in this reef, which is notably well preserved.
Kimbe Bay in Papua New Guinea

Also located within the Coral Triangle, Papua New Guinea’s coral reef is dominated by stunning,
rainforest-covered volcanic peaks that rise steeply from the water, some reaching over 2,000
meters above the surface. Spadefish, jacks, and barracuda roam the waters of these colorful
corals. In addition to checking out the area’s diverse marine life, visitors should view some of
Papua New Guinea’s aviation wrecks from World War II (the area sustained heavy Allied
bombings), which are easily viewed through the Bismarck Sea’s clear blue waters.
Rainbow Reef in Fiji

Luminescent corals are the prized possession of Fiji’s Rainbow Reef. Home to millions of
beautifully colored reef fish and sea anemones, these waters are brimming with 300 types of hard
coral. Fiji is particularly famous for its butterfly fish, and the entire 27 species can be found
swimming in Rainbow Reef, which is also home to Taveuni’s Great White Wall, a world-class
dive site composed of soft, white corals and colorful sponges that stretches down about 25
meters below the water’s surface.
The Maldives
One of the best year-round diving destinations in the Indian Ocean, the Maldives is also one of
the most intricate marine ecosystems on the planet. The archipelago attracts more than 1 million
tourists a year, and for good reason: its chain of 26 coral atolls are, put simply, a tropical
paradise bursting with fish life, including manta rays, sea turtles, and giant clams.
The caveat? Since 2014, the Maldives have experienced widespread and, in some cases, severe
coral bleaching as a result of rising sea water temperatures. The upshot: a number of marine life
preservation organizations have banded together to address the reef’s coral bleaching issues.
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia

The world's largest coral reef is one of the most sought-after tourist destinations around the
globe. Indeed, it’s one of the seven wonders of the natural world. Its sprawling reef system,
which stretches over 1,400 miles, supports a range of marine life, including endangered species
like dugongs and green sea turtles. The Great Barrier Reef also contains more than 400 types of
coral and around 240 species of birds.
Apo Reef in the Philippines

Spread over 13 square miles, Apo Reef is the world's second-largest contiguous coral reef
system. The channel is home to about 300 species of colorful marine life –including tropical
aquarium fish, snappers, and yellowmargin triggerfish – and roughly 450 species of coral. Its
pristine waters make for ideal snorkeling and scuba diving.
The Hawaiian Coral Reef

The Hawaiian Islands is home to more than 410,000 acres of coral reef in the main islands alone.
Its clear waters feature over 500 species of algae and a dazzling array of colorful marine life,
including the Humuhumunukunukuapua‘a, a triggerfish that is Hawaii's state fish. One-quarter of
its marine life is endemic to Hawaii, meaning they can’t be found anywhere else in the world.
More From Budget Travel
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The Top 10 Most Beautiful Coral Reefs

In The World
 Tamsin Foy
 14/09/2018
 Travel Wishlists
Whether you’re a scuba diver, a snorkel fiend or partake in that weird combination of the two.
Snuba? Scorkel? You’ll know that what awaits us under those blue ocean waves is a colourful land of
mystery and surprise! The greatest reward for every flip of your flippers are the coloured coral reefs
and unique marine life that swim amongst them.
So in no particular order, though as an Australian I’d definitely put the Great Barrier Reef at number
1, here you have my pick of the top 10 coral reefs on the planet!
The Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Australians are a competitive bunch, we just love to be number one. The Great Barrier Reef is just
another win for us. It is the largest of all the coral reefs in the world and, by my estimation, therefore
the best. Located in northern Queensland, the reef is made up of over 3000 individual reef systems
and hundreds of pristine white sand Islands. As far as the marine life go you’ll be spoilt for choice
with over 400 types of coral and colourful fish and sea creatures to boot! These are just some of the
reasons why this coral reef is listed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. The rest
you’ll just have to go and discover for yourself.
New Caledonia Barrier Reef, New Caledonia
Who doesn’t love a good barrier or two? I know I do! And look I know I said there was no particular
order here, but this one would probably be number two. Number two in size (coming second to
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef), number two on my list and, fun fact, number one in reef health.
Rainbow Reef, Fiji

How was a reef with a name like “Rainbow Reef” not going to make it on to the list. If there is an
opposite to the saying “don’t let the name fool you” it would apply to this reef. The name is spot on,
the reef is an underwater living rainbow! Tucked between two Fijian Island, Vanua Levu
and Taveun, Rainbow Reef is made up of a mix of hard and soft coral. The mixture of corals has
allowed the marine life to thrive, making it an excellent dive spot for fish lovers.
Red Sea Coral Reef, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea
I always thought the Red Sea was that really salty place everyone goes to float… until discovering
that that is the Dead Sea. Silly me. The Red Sea, rather than being located alongside tropical
islands, is located between the Sahara and Arabian deserts. Despite the arid landscapes that surround
it the Red Sea Coral Reef is teeming with aquatic life, many species of which are only found there.
There are over a thousand species of fish that live there, swimming amongst the lagoons, cylinders
and colourful coral. Just like you can when you visit.
Palancar Reef, Mexico

What it lacks in size the Palancar Reef makes up in colour. Part of a much larger reef system that
goes all the way down to Honduras, Mexico’s Palancar reef is a popular and stunning dive spot. The
array of colourful coral would be worth a visit on there own, but they are only part of what makes the
reef incredible. Swimming amongst the coral are brightly coloured fish, sea turtles and for the keen
eye, seahorses.
Tubbataha Reef, The Philippines

Another island reef, the Tubbataha reef is where you go if you want to see sea turtles. More
specifically the hawksbill sea turtle. Better for deep sea divers rather than those surface loving
snorkelers, the reef is an underwater wonderland often referred to as one of the best diving spots in
the world.
Captain Cook Monument, Hawaii
Not the actual monument itself, though your welcome to visit it, but the coral reefs that surround it to
the left and right. Whether you’re hanging around in the crystal clear shallows or heading out in to
the deeper water you’ll be in for a wondrous underwater treat. You’ll discover unique and
otherworldly coral formations surrounded by a plethora of fish and other wildlife. If you’re after
larger sea life head out into the deeper waters to find dolphins and sea turtles.
Cayo Coral Reef, Panama

More for the snorkeler than the scuba diver, this reef has an average depth of 10 metres. Its
proximity to the surface shouldn’t lead you to believe that it is anything short of magnificent though.
Only able to be reached by boat this Panamanian reef surrounds the small island, aptly named, Cayo
Coral. The reef is the most popular snorkel spot in the Bocas del Toro archipelago but there are
others for the scuba divers to explore.
Belize Barrier Reef, Belize

The best kind of reef is a barrier reef, in my opinion. I have no reasoning to back this up, it’s just
something I said and I’m sticking to it! The Belize Barrier Reef, as the name implies, lies off the
coast of the Central American country Belize. Charles Darwin once described it as “the most
remarkable reef in the West Indies” and when it comes to nature that man has authority. Don’t just
take his or my word for it though. Go and discover it for yourself.
Great Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean

Way out in the Indian Ocean, all on its own, you’ll find the best protected and least polluted coral
atoll (some kind of reef) in the world. 55 Islands, some very brain looking coral, colourful fish and a
variety of marine mammals call this archipelago home. Half of the world’s coral is in fact found
here! And if you’re lucky you’ll see whales swimming through the clear waters and dolphins as well.
Protecting our coral reefs

I’m going to take the mood down a few notches briefly to talk about something serious. Many of our
reefs are in danger, no the Great White Shark kind of danger, the destruction due to human activity
kind. Make sure when visiting coral reefs, that you don’t touch the coral or marine life. Limit the
chemicals you are taking into the water on your skin and in your hair. I’m talking sunscreen, bug
repellent and hairspray or gel.
Make sure when going on a boat or tour that the company taking you out has a policy of respecting
the reef and the sea life. If relevant to you, you can even take it one step further and write to your
congress/ parliament to protest fracking or drilling close to coral reefs in your country. Whatever you
can do to help preserve these colourful underwater worlds.
As John Mayer once sang to the sea “Your body is a wonderland”, let’s all do our bit to keep it that
way.
There are a million other coral reefs out there, many of which I’ve never explored and, that I’m
sure, deserve a place on the list. If you’ve been to one let me know about it in the comment section
below.
Or book an adventure to one of these amazing coral reefs here.
TAGS: AUSTRALIA, BAMBA EXPERIENCE, BELIZE, CONSERVATION, CORAL
REEFS, EXPLORE, FIJI, HAWAII, ISLANDS, MEXICO, NEW CALEDONIA, OCEAN, PROTECT OUR OCEANS, RED
SEA, SNORKEL, SWIM,TOP 10 CORAL REEFS
Overview
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY
The Philippines is comprised of 7,110 islands with a land area of about
300,000 square kilometers. The country has a total of 96,000 square
kilometers of agricultural land which is about 32% of the total land area. These
lands are utilized for plantation of palay, corn, fruit, trees, root crops,
vegetables, coconut, sugar cane and others.
July, 2004 census of Philippine population is 86.2 million and projected to

reach 100 million in 14 years. The current population growth rate is 2.71% or
3 persons born per minute. Existing settlement patterns show that 48.05% of
the population live in urban areas while the rest in rural areas.
There are about 85,000 manufacturing industries in the Philippines, with Metro
Manila as the prime industrial region. Accounting for about 52% of the total
manufacturing establishments. These establishments are classified into thirty
(30) major industrial groups. Food manufacturing constitutes the biggest
number of manufacturing establishments in the country.
With the rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization

reduce the quality of Philippine waters, especially in densely populated areas
and regions of industrial and agricultural activities. The discharge of domestic
and industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff has caused extensive
pollution of the receiving water-bodies. This effluent is in the form of raw
sewage, detergents, fertilizer, heavy metals, chemical products, oils, and even
solid waste. Each of these pollutants has a different noxious effect that
influences human livelihood and translates into economic costs.
“The adverse impact of water pollution costs the economy an estimated

Php67 Billion annually (more than US$1.3 Billion). The government continues
its fight against worsening water pollution by espousing and including among
its priorities, environment policies, legislation, and decrees that address the
growing need to control water pollution. In the last few years, the government
has employed economic instruments such as pollution fines and
environmental taxes.”
Access to clean and adequate water remains an acute seasonal problem in

urban and coastal areas in the Philippines. The National Capital Region
(Metro Manila), Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and Central Visayas are the
four urban critical regions in terms of water quality and quantity. The
Government’s monitoring data indicates:
 Just over a third or 36 percent of the country’s river systems are

classified as sources of public water supply:
 Up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coliform
and needs treatment;
 Approximately 31 percent of illness monitored for a five-year period
were caused by water-borne sources; and
 Many areas are experiencing a shortage of water supply during the dry
season.
Nearly 2.2 million metric tons of of organic pollution are produced annually by
domestic (48 percent), agricultural (37 percent), and industrial (15 percent)
sectors. In the four water-critical regions, water pollution is dominated by
domestic and industrial sources. Untreated wastewater affects health by
spreading disease-causing bacteria and viruses, makes water unfit for
drinking and recreational use, threatens biodiversity, and deteriorates overall
quality of life. Known diseases caused by poor water include gastro-enteritis,
diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and more recently, severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The number of water-related health
outbreaks including deaths reported in newspapers is going up. However,
awareness regarding the need for improved sanitation and water pollution
control, reflected by the willingness-to-pay and connection to a sewerage
system where they are easily available, is very low.
The annual economic losses caused by water pollution are estimated at

Php67 Billion (US$1.3 billion). These include Php3 billion for health, Php17
billion for fisheries production, and Php47 for tourism. Losses due to
environmental damage in pollution, the Philippines has many water-related
laws, but their enforcement is weak and beset with problems that include:
inadequate resources, poor database, and weak cooperation among different
agencies and Local Government Units (LGUs). A Clean Water Act is now
being deliberated in the Congress.
There is considerable under-investment by the Government in sanitation and
sewerage, indicating a low spending priority, though ranked as a high priority
in the Philippines Agenda 21 of 1996. Only seven percent of the country’s
total population is connected to sewer systems and only a few households
have acceptable effluent from on-site sanitation facilities. Estimates show that
over a 10-year period, the country will need to invest Php250 billion (nearly
US$ billion) in physical infrastructure. While LGUs recognize emerging water
quality problems, they are constrained by high investment and operating
costs, limited willingness-to-pay, restricted space available in the low-income
urban areas where sewage is disposed of indiscriminately. Some of the
Government budget, which is directed mostly towards water supply (97
percent of the total), needs to be diverted to sewerage and sanitation.
Individuals are not yet aware and willing to pay for these services and
Government incentives are justified in the short-term for the larger community-
wide benefits.
Related Presentation:Programmes of MWSS and Concessionaries on Sewerage and Sanitation
Water Resources
The country is endowed with rich natural resources, including water, which are
essential for the country’s economic development and in meeting its
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Water resources of the Philippines
include inland freshwater (rivers, lakes, and groundwater), and marine (bay,
coastal, and oceanic waters). Overall, there is sufficient water but not enough
in highly populated areas, especially during dry season.
Source: Philippines: Environment Monitor 2003
+ Overview
+ River Basins
+ Sea Areas
+ Enclosed Water Bodies
+ Groundwater

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DENR lists most polluted spots in Manila Bay area

Ma. Stella F. Arnaldo

January 15, 2019

PNP/PNP-MG—Apprehend violators of PD 979 (revising PD 600 on marine pollution), RA 8550

DepEd—Integrate lessons on pollution prevention, waste management, environmental protection in

DBM—Consider incorporating adequate budget in the General Appropriations Act to

Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes

 YOU ARE HERE:

Inventory of Mercury, Cyanide, Asbestos, Ozone

Depleting Substances (ODS), Polychlorinated

Biphenyls and Lead

Inventory of HW Generators, Transporters, and

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSD)

Programs and Projects

DENR Administrative Order:

No. 02, series of 2000 – Chemical Control Order for Asbestos:

No. 003, series of 2017- Guidelines for Site Characterization

No. 004, series of 2017- Guidelines for Site Remediation

Legislation and Policy

Republic Act 6969

The Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Challenges (Issues and Concerns)

Toxic Chemicals – Chemical Control Orders

CCO for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

CCO for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)

Hazardous Waste Management

Used Vegetable Oil

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