Eusporangiate Ferns

Order Psilotales

Stem

Synangium

The stem bears prophyll and syangium.

The synangium with three lobes and monolete aperture.
 The stele is protostelic and is surrounded by
endodermal cell with casparian strip.

Vascular
bundle

Epidermis Pith

Cortex

Rhizome of Psilotum
 Phloem Xylem

Pith
Cortex

The stele is siphonostelic (actinostele). The centre of the aerial stem

is occupied pith surrounded by xylem. The phloem located between
the ridges of xylem.

Aerial stem of Psilotum

 Order Ophioglossales

Spike

Sterile
segment Helminthostachys

Ophioglossum
Aerial part composed of 2 different parts which is sterile segment
some called “trophophyll” . Another part is fertile segment bears
numerous sporangium called “spike”
 Spike
Containing two rows of fused
sporangium

Bears numerous sporangiophore in

Spike
several rows

Spike of Ophioglossum

Spike of Helminthostachys
 Order Equisetales

The leaves are very small and are fused into a

sheath, except for their tips which form teeth round
the margin of sheath.
Leaf sheath

Node

Internode

Leave of Equisetum
 Carinal canal

Central canal

Vascular bundle

Vallecular canal
The Aerial stem consists of a lot of air space; carinal
canal in vascular bundle, central canal in the pith and
vallecular canal in the cortex.
Aerial stem of Equisetum
 Endodermis

Air space
Vascular bundle
Cortex

Epidermis

The stele is protostele. The root consist of vascular

bundle surrounded by endodermis. In the vascular
Root of Equisetum bundle has air space.
 Sporangiophore

The strobilus bears whorls of

sporangiophores.

The sporangiophore composed of peltate,

sporangia and stalk.

Strobilus of Equisetum
 Order Marattiales

Sorus of Angiopteris
Sorus

Sorus of Ptisana

The sori arranged in two series along the frond. The frond bearing sori made up of four or five
sporangia fused at the into a synangium or sporocarp
 Vascular bundle

The vascular bundles are sinuous and

irregularly arranged

Petiole of Angiopteris