GROUP 1

FOLIO
A folio in a newspaper or magazine is the name of the publication, the date and the page number, usually appearing at the top or
bottom of most pages.

For example, see this photo. The part that says, “Page 8 — The Elizabethtown Advocate, September 29, 2016,” is the folio.

Folio-

Folio- it is the part of the front page which consists of the date of publication,name of the newspaper, and it's page number. It was usually written
on the top of the page and can be found in the different pages of the newspaper.

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MASTHEAD
In publishing, a masthead is a list at the top of a page that includes the names of editors, writers, and owners, as well as the title of the newspaper
or magazine. You'll usually find the masthead on one of the first few pages.
In the UK, a masthead is slightly different: it's the title page, also known in the US as the "nameplate." American publications include editorial and
ownership information on the masthead, while their British counterparts call this the "imprint." The sense of a masthead as the "top of a newspaper
or magazine" comes from the word's original meaning, "top of a ship," from mast, "long pole that holds a ship's sail."
Add to List... Thesaurus Share It
Primary Meanings ofmasthead
1. n a listing printed in all issues of a newspaper or magazine (usually on the editorial page) that gives
the name of the publication and the names of the editorial staff, etc.

2. n the head or top of a mast

Full Definitions ofmasthead
1
na listing printed in all issues of a newspaper or magazine (usually on the editorial page) that gives the name of the publication and the
names of the editorial staff, etc.
Synonyms:

flag
Type of:

list, listing

a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

nthe title of a newspaper or magazine; usually printed on the front page and on the editorial page

GROUP 2
EDITORIAL COLUMN
 An editorial column is an article written by the editor or editorial staff of a publication which shares the publication's views or
opinions on a topic. Standard articles in journalism are intended to be objective and focus on facts, but editorial pieces typically carry
strong opinions about the topic discussed.
 Most publications have an editorial board to review topics in the news and decide what the opinion of the publication is and whether it
needs to be shared with readers. Editorial columns usually have a dedicated page or section where articles are featured along with positive
and negative responses from readers.
 Is an editorial column is an article written by the editor or editorial staff of a publication which shares the publication’s views or opinions
on a topic. Standard ariticles in journalism are intended to be objective and focus on facts, but editorial pieces and typically carry strong
opinions about the topic discussed.

Purpose of Editorial Column

 The purpose of editorial column is to inform the readers of what they don’t know.
 Editorial Column a personal opinion written by the columnist himself.

EDITORIAL PROPER
 A commentary written by any of the editors who comments or gives the opinion of the staff or of the whole paper on various subjects.
  Like the Editorial Proper, it may attack, teach, entertain, nor appeal depending upon its purpose.

GROUP 3

EDITORIAL CARTOON

“An Editorial Cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is an illustration containing a commentary that usually relates to
current events or personalities. An artist who draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. “

- www.en.wikipedia.org
An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is a drawing containing a commentary
expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial
cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to question authority and
draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.[1][2]
“No cartoonist or commentator in America did more to educate and inform the American public than
Herblock. Political cartoons represent the freedom of expression inherent in American democracy, a
powerful symbol of its strength and resilience. In the new millennium Herblock's drawings forcefully bring
back the principal issues and events that shaped our world during the past century.”
—from the Preface by James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress for HERBLOCK: The Life and Work
of the Great Political Cartoonist (published 2009)

“Herb Block indelibly depicted villains and rogues, corrupt officials and corporate polluters, racists and demagogues. He relentlessly attacked the
gun lobby, segregationists, government secrecy, abuses of power, religious bigots, sexism, racism and, always, public hipocrisy wherever and
whenever it arose. At the same time he ardently fought for civil liberties, for the poor and the oppressed. He always stood for the underdog, and for
the everyman and everywoman among us trapped in, or frustrated by, the ever more complicate nature of modern life.”

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, James Gillray was a pioneer of the political cartoon.[3] Founded in 1841, the British
periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.[4]
—Haynes Johnson, The Age of Herblock. Excerpted from HERBLOCK: The Life and Work of the Great Political Cartoonist.

The first editorial cartoon was drawn by Benjamin Franklin, and appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754 entitled "Join,
or Die." Franklin saw the colonies as dangerously fragmented, and hoped, with the cartoon and an article, to convince colonists they
would have great power if they united. Franklin used symbolism and labeling to present an opinion based on current events and
politics. Cartoons throughout history have made use of similar techniques of caricature, analogy, irony, juxtaposition and exaggeration
to educate and influence their audience.
Editorial cartoons provide a rich landscape for educators to teach any number of subjects (English, History, Social Studies, Art, ect..)
while engaging students to use critical thinking in any number of learning styles (cooperative, inquiry-based, individualized, ect..). We
provide our own lesson plans and links to others, for teachers and students to teach and learn from the art of editorial cartooning.

Editorial Cartoons: An Introduction

What is an editorial cartoon?
 Newspaper editorial cartoons are graphic expressions of their creator’s ideas and opinions. In addition, the editorial cartoon
usually, but not always, reflects the publication’s viewpoint.
 Editorial cartoons are based on current events. That means that they are produced under restricted time conditions in order
to meet publication deadlines (often 5 or 6 per week).
 Editorial cartoons, like written editorials, have an educational purpose. They are intended to make readers think about current
political issues.
 Editorial cartoons must use a visual and verbal vocabulary that is familiar to readers.
 Editorial cartoons are part of a business, which means that editors and/or managers may have an impact on what is published.
 Editorial cartoons are published in a mass medium, such as a newspaper, news magazine, or the Web.
 Editorial cartoons are tied to the technology that produces them, whether it is a printing press or the Internet. For printed
cartoons, their size at the time of publication and their placement (on the front page, editorial page, or as the centerfold)
affects their impact on readers. The addition of color may also change how readers respond to them.
 Editorial cartoons differ from comic strips. Editorial cartoons appear on the newspaper’s editorial or front page, not on the
comics page. They usually employ a single-panel format and do not feature continuing characters in the way that comic strips
do.
 Editorial cartoons are sometimes referred to as political cartoons, because they often deal with political issues.

EDITORIAL LINER

Editorial liner is a quotation used to fill in a gap or space in the newspaper.

It is usually done if the space left is very small.

What is an editorial?
An editorial is an article in a newspaper or magazine (or television or radio) that expresses the editor's personal bias. it is exactly what it sounds like
that one thing that is written and read for is an editorial..... written by Jacob H... Editorial is not like sub-editor. It is a place in newsp… (MORE)

Importance of editorials on editorial page?

Editorials are basically articles in a newspaper that expresses the writers own opinion over something.. Example: (an abortion editorial). Abortions
in the eyes of most humans is wrong and should be prevented by all costs. The number of abortions in the USA dropped to 1.2 million in 2005 -
down ne… (MORE)

How do you write an editorial?

Writing an editorial is a complicated process... Write from the heart. There ya go! thThats all there is to it

GROUP 4

SPORTS WRITING
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and games. While the sports department within
some newspapers has been mockingly called the toy department, because sports journalists do not concern themselves with the
'serious' topics covered by the news desk, sports coverage has grown in importance as sport has grown
in wealth, power and influence.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_journalism

There are lots of different kinds of stories you can write on the sports beat, but probably the most basic is the short game story. A
short game story, usually 500 words or less, follows a straightforward format that can be applied to any game you cover. Here’s the
format:

The Lede

The lede of your story should include the final score and some details about what made the game interesting. Generally this means
focusing on the efforts of an individual player.

Let’s say a team’s star athlete is injured and a previously unheralded player comes into the game as a substitute. Not much is
expected of this rookie but he defies expectations and plays a great game, leading the team to victory.

Example:

Second-string quarterback Jay Lindman, who had never played a down for Jefferson High School, came off the bench after star QB
Fred Torville was injured Friday night and threw three touchdown passes to lead the Gladiators to a 21-14 victory over the McKinley
High School Centurions.

Or maybe the game is a close, seesaw battle between two evenly matched opponents, and is won in the final seconds by an
especially dramatic play.

Example:

Second-string quarterback Jay Lindman threw the game-winning touchdown with just 12 seconds left to lead the Jefferson High
School Gladiators to a 21-14 victory over the McKinley High School Centurions Friday night.

Notice that in both examples we focus on the efforts of an individual athlete. Sports is all about the human drama of competition, and
focusing on a single person gives the game story a human interest angle that readers will enjoy.

The Body of the Story

The body of your story should basically elaborate on the lede. If your lede was about the benchwarmer becoming the game’s star,
then the body should go into more detail about that. Often a simple chronological account works best.

Example:

Torville’s ankle was sprained when he was sacked in the first quarter. Lindman came into the game with low expectations but threw
his first touchdown pass in the second quarter with a high, floating ball that receiver Mike Ganson snagged in the end zone.

In the third quarter, Lindman was forced to scramble out of the pocket to avoid the rush but managed to fire a bullet to receiver
Desean Washington, who made a diving catch at the goal line.

The Wrap Up

The wrap up or ending of your story usually centers on quotes from the coach and players gleaned from post-game interviews or
press conferences. Getting great quotes for sports stories can sometimes be tough – coaches and athletes often speak in clichés –
but a snappy quote can really be the icing on the cake of your game story.

Example:

“I knew Lindman could play but I didn’t know he could play like that,” said Gladiators coach Jeff Michaelson. “That was one heck of a
game by a young guy who showed a lot of heart.”

Washington said Lindman exuded confidence even in the huddle before his very first snap.

“He just said, ‘Let’s do this to win,’” Washington said. “And he went out there and did it. That boy can throw the ball.”

Different Kinds of Sports Stories

The Straight-Lede Game Story The straight-lede game story is the most basic story in all of sportswriting. It's just what it sounds like:
an article about a game that uses a straight-news type of lede. The lede summarizes the main points - who won, who lost, the score,
and what the star player did.

Here's an example of this kind of lede:

Quarterback Pete Faust threw thre touchdown passes to lead the Jefferson High School Eagles to a 21-7 victory over crosstown
rival McKinley High.

The rest of the story follows from there, with an account of the big plays and playmakers, and after-game quotes from coaches and
players. Because they often focus on high school and small-college teams, straight-lede game stories tend to be fairly tightly
written.

Straight-lede game stories are still used for coverage of high school and some college sports. But they're used less nowadays for
pro sports. Why? Because pro sports are seen on TV and most fans of a particular team know the score of a game long before they
read about it.

The Feature-Lede Game Story Feature-lede game stories are common for pro sports. Readers usually already know the score of
pro games as soon as they're done, so when they pick up a sports section they want stories they offer a different angle on what
happened and why.

Here's an example of a game story feature lede:

It had rained all that day in the city of brotherly love, so when the Philadelphia Eagles took the field the ground was already a soggy
mess - much like the game that would follow.

So it was somehow fitting that the Eagles would lose 31-7 to the Dallas Cowboys in a contest that was one of the worst of
quarterback Donovan McNabb's career. McNabb threw two interceptions and fumbled the ball three times.

The story starts out with some description, and doesn't get to the final score until the second paragraph. Again, that's fine: readers
will already know the score. It's the writer's job to give them something more.

Delayed-lede game stories tend to be a bit more in-depth that straight-lede stories, and as a result are often longer.

Profiles The sports world is full of colorful characters, so it's no surprise that personality profiles are a staple of sportswriting.
Whether it's a charismatic coach or a young athlete on the rise, some of the best profiles anywhere are found in sports sections.

Here's an example of a profile lede:

Norman Dale surveys the court as his players practice layups. A pained look crosses the face of the coach of the McKinley High
School basketball team as one player after another misses the basket.

"Again!" he shouts. "Again! You don't stop! You don't quit! York work 'till you get it right!" And so they continue, until they start to get
it right. Coach Dale wouldn't have it any other way.

Season Preview and Wrap-up Stories Season previews and wrap-ups are fixtures of the sportswriter's repertoire. These are done
any time a team and a coach are preparing for the coming season, or when the season has just ended, either in glory or infamy.

Obviously the focus here isn't a specific game or even individual, but a broad look at the season - how the coach and players expect
things to go, or how they feel once that season is done.

Here's an example of a lede for this kind of story:

Coach Jenna Johnson has high hopes for the Pennwood High School women's basketball team this year. After all, the Lions were
city champions last year, led by the play of Juanita Ramirez, who returns to the team this year as a senior. "We expect great things
from her," Coach Johnson says.

Columns A column is where the sportswriter gets to vent his or her opinions, and the best sports columnists do just that, fearlessly.
Often that means being very tough on coaches, players or teams who don't meet expectations, particularly at the pro level, where all
concerned are being paid huge salaries to do just one thing - win.

But sports columnists also focus on those they admire, whether it's an inspirational coach who leads a team of underdogs to a great
season, or a mostly unheralded player who may be short on natural talent but makes up for it with hard work and unselfish play.

Here's an example of how a sports column might begin:

Lamont Wilson certainly isn't the tallest player on the McKinley High School basketball team. At 5-foot-9, he's hard to spot in the sea
of mid 6-footers on the court. But Wilson is the model of an unselfish team player, the kind of athlete who makes those around him
shine. "I just do whatever I can to help the team," the ever-modest Wilson says.
Source:http://journalism.about.com/od/writing/a/sportsstories.htm

A LETTER TO THE EDITOR

A letter to the editor[1] (sometimes abbreviated LTTE or LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about issues of concern from its readers.
Usually, letters are intended for publication. In many publications, letters to the editor may be sent either through conventional
mail or electronic mail.
Letters to the editor are most frequently associated with newspapers and newsmagazines. However, they are sometimes published
in other periodicals (such as entertainment and technical magazines), and radio and television stations. In the latter instance, letters
are sometimes read on the air (usually, on a news broadcast or on talk radio). In that presentation form, it can also be described
as viewer mail or listener mail, depending on the medium.
In academic publishing, letters to the editor of an academic journal are usually open postpublication reviews of a paper, often critical
of some aspect of the original paper. The authors of the original paper sometimes respond to these with a letter of their own.
Controversial papers in mainstream journals often attract numerous letters to the editor. Good citation indexing services list the original
papers together with all replies. Depending on the length of the letter and the journal's style, other types of headings may be used,
such as peer commentary. There are some variations on this practice. Some journals request open commentaries as a matter of
course, which are published together with the original paper, and any authors' reply, in a process called open peer commentary. The
introduction of the "epub ahead of print" practice in many journals now allows unsolicited letters to the editor (and authors' reply) to
appear in the same print issue of the journal, as long as they are sent in the interval between the electronic publication of the original
paper and its appearance in print.
What is the role of 'the letter to the editor'?
Abstract
The letter to the editor plays a dual role in the literature. It serves a corrective critical function but also has the capacity to spread and
share knowledge. We sought to identify the role and theme of letters to the editor published in four leading otorhinolaryngology journals,
to elicit how well this form of communication is being utilised. All letters to the editor published in; Clinical Otolaryngology, The
Laryngoscope, The European Archives of Otorhinolarygnology and The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, for the year 2012, were
examined and the individual journal guidelines for submission of letters were noted. Seventeen different countries produced a total of
92 letters for the year 2012. The majority of letters originated from Otolaryngology/Head and Neck departments (78 %). Clinical
Otolaryngology contributed to 58 % of total letters, of which 55 % were unrelated to original journal material (n = 29). The Laryngoscope
published letters solely in response to original journal material. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology was the only journal to index
letters with their corresponding article. More letters agreeing (49 %) than disagreeing (32 %) were published, with the remaining letters
either clarifying or ignoring issues raised. Letters to the editor serve two main purposes; post-publication peer review and sharing
experiences with fellow readers. Both are equally important in maintaining journals' high standards. Indexing needs to be improved
otherwise valuable comment does not endure while the original manuscript's message lives on.

WHAT IS A LETTER TO THE EDITOR?

You feel strongly about an issue, and you want to let people know what you think. You believe you can even influence people to take some action
if you speak your mind. But, you want to reach an audience larger than just your friends or your group membership. Letters to the editor can be an
effective way to get the word out.

A letter to the editor is a written way of talking to a newspaper, magazine, or other regularly printed publication. Letters to the editor are generally
found in the first section of the newspaper, or towards the beginning of a magazine, or in the editorial page. They can take a position for or against
an issue, or simply inform, or both. They can convince readers by using emotions, or facts, or emotions and facts combined. Letters to the editor
are usually short and tight, rarely longer than 300 words.

Using a few carefully placed letters, you can generate plenty of community discussion. You can also keep an issue going by preventing it from
disappearing from the public eye. You can stimulate the interest of the news media and create more coverage for the matters you're working on.
You can also send a "good news" letter to bring recognition to people who deserve it or acknowledge the success of an effort.
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/direct-action/letters-to-editor/main

GROUP 5
SPECIAL FEATURES OF A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE
Difference between newspaper and magazine Newspapers and magazines are two important forms of print media that are read by millions of people
around the world. Some of the most common differences between newspapers and magazines can be seen through their size and appearance, content,
style, target audience, design and layout, readability and advertisements. Let us have a glance through these factors: Size and appearance Newspapers
are bigger in size and they can be folded. A story above the middle fold in the front page of a newspaper is considered as the most important story
and one that appears just below the fold is generally the second most important story. If there are many important stories on a newspaper page, then
the treatment given to a story will decide its importance: such as, photos/graphics with a more important story and with no visual elements in other
stories. The eyes of a reader can scan an entire page without a fold. A magazine tends to have a "book-type" size while the newspaper is really
meant to be spread arm’s length for the reader to grasp its contents. Content Newspapers deal with reports clearly, briefly and objectively. A
magazine writer focuses on specialized topics and current issues of public interest. Newspapers remain the primary source of authentic, reliable and
latest information about what is happening around the world and even in one's own locality. But magazines are not sources of fresh content to the
extent of publishing breaking news. However, its content is specialized and recent in nature. Thus, we have various magazines such as entertainment,
science, share markets, sports, glamour and movies. Newspapers are more versatile in content and hence they never fall short of content as there is
always

something happening in different parts of the world. On the other hand, magazine content is always based on the liking of the readers of diverse
backgrounds. Style Newspapers focus on catchy headlines to create interest in the reader. Many reporters and editors are employed in newspapers
to prepare specialized reports and interpretative articles. But magazines have lesser staff. A magazine writer has more freedom to express or has
more room for subjectivity. S/he has the tenacity and freedom to express things in a creative manner. It further enhances the writer's mastery of the
expression by imploring these seemingly circular methods of self expression. The newspaper writer on the other hand is compounded to a somewhat
strict, strong and straight writing mostly based on facts and figures. Design and layout Newspapers are known for their simple layout and design.
While the content is usually in black and white, the style and font are fairly consistent throughout. Magazines have much more visual expression
than newspapers because magazines are not subject to one consistent layout. Magazines use lots of colour, different types and sizes of fonts and
break up their articles with images and colour. Target audience The main difference between a newspaper and a magazine is that newspapers are
written for a general audience, while magazines are for specific types of audiences. A magazine attracts varied target audience. A newspaper's target
audience is determined by its geography and its focus is broad. Here, the editor determines what the people should read, what they want and desire.
In contrast, a magazine' target audience is determined by demographics and interests. ('Demographics' mean the physical characteristics of the
individual such as race, gender, interest, education level etc.). Hence the target audience of a magazine is usually separated geographically, but they
share common interests; for example, a common interest in sports, HSS - II - Journalism 12 fashion or beauty. A magazine editor should understand
the nature of the target audience. Readability News stories are usually written in a matter of fact

Readability News stories are usually written in a matter of fact style. But magazines employ colourful language so as to make the content enjoyable.
The newspaper readability level corresponds to a difficult classification built around tight grammatical and syntactical rules. Linguistic subjectivity
which relies on expressive adjectives enhances the readability of magazines. Display ads Though magazines and newspapers both provide readers
with information, their format and appeal differ considerably. Magazines are more advertiser-driven than newspapers. Newspapers are slightly
different in this regard. Newspapers are driven more by readership than by advertisers. They focus more on catchy headlines in an effort to capture
the reader's interest and get him to read the entire story. Part of the reason for this is that people often associate what they read with an ad they see
near the piece. Our minds just naturally attach and group objects and associations together. Advertising giants know this and place their ads exactly
in proper alignment with stories and articles they want to associate with their products on those specialized magazines. Visual strength The visual
strength of magazine is enhanced with the effective use of colour in magazines. In magazines, we can also use a colour background whereas
newspapers normally have only a white background. This means you can present more attractive colour contrasts in your magazine visuals. Shelf
life Another strength of magazine is longer life. Newspapers are read only once and then discarded. In contrast, magazines are commonly kept for
several days, weeks or months in magazine racks which provides for possible repeat reading.

http://www.scert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/Plustwo/jounalism.pdf