JENIS TEKS (GENRE) BHS INGGRIS

Berikut ini contoh-contoh jenis teks (genre)

SIGNIFICANT
GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STUCTURE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL
FEATURES
Recount To retell events for the - Orientation: provides the setting and - Focus on specific participants
(teks yang digunakan purpose of informing or introduces participant - Use of material processes
untuk menceritakan entertaining - Event: tell what happened in what sequence - Circumstances of time and place
pengalaman masa lalu, - Re- orientation: optional-closure of events - Use of past tense
perjalanan hidup - Focus on temporal sequence
seseorang pada masa lalu,
atau peristiwasejarah
masa lalu.)
Report To describe the way - General classification: tells what the - Focus on generic participants
(teks yang digunakan things are, with phenomenon under discussion is - Use of relational process to state
untuk melaporkan reference to a range of - Description: tells what the phenomenon under what is and that which it is
sesuatu apa adanya natural, man-made and discussion is like in terns of parts, qualities, - Use of simple present tense (unless
sebagai hasilpengamatan social phenomena in our habits or behaviors, if living; uses, if non- extinct)
analitis. Teks ini environment natural - No temporal sequence
mendeskripsikan sesuatu
secara umum)
Discussion To present (at least) two - Issue: - Fokus on generic human and
(teks yang menampilkan points of view about an - Statement generic non-human participants
suatu masalh/isu yang issue - Preview: arguments for (pro) and against - Use of:
ditinjau paling tidakdari (contra) or statement of differing points of *Material processes, e.g. has
dua sudut pandang yang view produced, have developed, to feed.
berbeda sebelum sampai - Point
pada suatu kesimpulan - Ellaboration *Relational processes, e.g. is could
atau rekomendasi) - Conclusion or recomendation: can’t decide have, cause, are
(partial), comment (pro & contra), sugesstion *Mental processes, e.g. feel
(recomendation) - Use of comparative: contrastive and
consequential conjunctions
- Reasoning expressed as verbs and
nouns (abstraction)
Explanation To explain the processes - A general statement to position the reader. - Focus on generic, non-human
(teks yang digunakan involved in the - A sequenced explanation of why or how participants
untuk menerangkan formation or workings something occurs. - Use mainly of material and
cara/proses sesuatu of natural or relational processes
terjadi, terutama sociocultural - Use mainly of temporal and causal
berkaitan dengan phenomena. circumstances and conjuctions
fenomena alam, dunia - Some use of passive voice to get
ilmiah, atau social theme right
budaya)
Exposition (Analytical) To persuade teh reader - Thesis - Focus on generic human and non-
(teks yang memaparkan or listener that  Position: introduces topic and indicates human participation
dan mempengaruhi something’s the case. writer’s position - Use of simple present tense
pembacabahwa ada  Preview: outlines the main arguments to be - Use of relational processes use of
masalah yang perlu presented internal conjuction to state
mendapat perhatian) - Arguments argument
 Point: restates main arguments outlined in - Reasoning through causal
preview. conjuction or nominalization
- Ellaboration: develops and supports each
point/argument
- Reiteration: restates writer’s position.
 Exposition (Hortatory) To persuade the reader - Thesis: announcement of issue concern - Focus on generic human and non-
(teks yang memaparkan or listener that - Arguments: reasons for concern, leading to human participation, except for
dan mempengaruhi something should or recomendation. speaker or writer refering to self.
pembaca bahwa sesuatu should not be the case - Recommendation: statement of what ought or - Use of:
seharusnya demikian atau ought not to happen. *mental processes: to state what
tidak demikian) writer thinks or feels about issue
e.g. realize, feel, appreciate.
*Material processes: to state what
what happens, e.g. is polluting,
drive, travel, spend, should be
treated
*relational processes: to state the
what is or should be, e.g. doesn’t
seem to have been, is
- Use of Simple Present tense
News Item To inform readers, - Newsworthy even (s): recounts the event in - Short, telegraphic information
(teks yang memberitakan listeners or viewers summary form about story captured in headline.
peristiwa-peristiwa atau about events of the day - Background events: elaborate what happened, - Use of material processes to retell
kejadian sehari-hari yang which are considered to whom, in what circumstances. the event (in the text below, many of
dianggap penting atau newsworthy or - Sources: comments by participant in, the material processes are
layak diberitakan important. witnesses to and authorities expert on the nominalised).
kepadapembaca) event. - Use of projecting verbal processes
in sources stage.
- Focus on circumstances (e.g. mostly
within qualifiers).
Anecdote / spoof To share with others an - Abstract: signals the retelling of an unusual - Use of exclamation, rhetorical
(teks tentang account of an unusual or incident. questions and intersifiers (really,
peristiwa/kejadian amusing incident. - Orientation: sets the scene
lampau yang diakhiri - Crisis: provides details of the unusual incident very, quite, etc.) to poin up the
dengan hal-hal yang tidak - Reaction: reaction to crises significance of the events.
terduga atau lucu yang - Coda: optional-reflection on or evaluation of - Use of material processes to tell
disebut twist.tujuannya the incident. what happened
adalah untuk menghibur - Use of temporal conjunctions.
pembaca)
Narrative To amuse, entertain and - Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the - Focus on specific and usually
(teks yang berisi certa to deal with actual or participation individualized participants
imaginasiatau dongeng vicarious experience in - Evaluation: a stepping back to evaluate the - Use of material processes (and in
dan bertujuan untuk different ways; narrative plight. this text, behavioral and verbal
menghibur deals with problematic - Complication: a crisis arises processes.)
pendengar/pembaca. events which lead to a - Resolution: the crisis is resolved, for better or - Use of relational processes and
Teks narrative crisis or turning point of for worse mental processes
menampilkan konflik some kind, which in turn - Re-orientation: optional - Use of temporal conjuctions and
yang dialami tokoh dalam finds a resolution. temporal circumstances
cerita tersebut) - Use of past tense
Procedure To describe how - Goal - Focus on generalized human agents
()teks yang memberi something is - Material needed (not required for all - Use of simple present tense, often
petunjuk cara melakukan accomplished through a procedural texts). imperative
sesuatu atau menciptakan sequence of actions or - Steps (goal followed by a series of steps - Use mainly of temporal
sesuatu steps. oriented to achieving the goal) conjunctions (or numbering to
melaluiserangkaian indicate sequence).
tindakan atau langkah) - Use mainly of material processes.
Descriptive To describe a particular - Identification: identifies phenomenon to be - Focus on specific participants
(teks yang digunakan person, place or thing. described - Use of attribute and identifying
untuk mendeskripsikan - Description: describes parts, qualities, processes
orang, tempat, atau benda characteristics. - Frequent use of classifiers in
tertentu. Deskripsi orang nominal groups
biasanya menampilkan - Use of simple presents tense
identitas orang tersebut
serta ciri fisik, karakter,
kegemaran, dan
aktivitasorang tersebut.
Deskrpsi hewan biasanya
tentang ciri-ciri fisik
hewantertentu tersebut,
tempat tinggal dan
kesukaannya. Deskripsi
tempat menampilkan
letak/lokasi tempat
tersebut, bagian-bagian
tempat tersebut, ciri-ciri
tempat tersebut,dan hal
yang menarik tentang
tempat tsb)
Review To critique an art work, - Orientation: places the work in its general and - Focus on particular participants.
(teks yang bertujuan event for a public particular context, often by comparing it with Direct expression of options
untuk memberi penilaian audience. (to evaluate or others of its kind or through analogue with a through use of attitudinal ephitets in
atau kritik terhadap to review) non-art object or event. nominal groups; qualitative
peristiwa atau karya seni, - Interpretation recount: summaries the plot Attributes and affective mental
misalnyafilm, Such works of art and/or provides an account of how the processes
pertunjukan,buku, include movies, reviewed rendition of the work came into - Use of elaborting and extending
barang, kepada para Tvshows, books, plays, being; is optional, but if present, often clause and group complexes to
pembaca atau pendengar operas, recordings, recursive. package the information
khalayak ramai.) exhibitions, concerts and
ballets.
- Evaluation: provides an evaluation of the work - Use of methaphorical language(e.g.
and/or its performance or production; is the wit was there, dexterously ping
usually recursive ponged to and fro...)
- Evaluative summation: provides a kind of
puchline which sums up the reviewer’s opinion
of the art event as a whole; is optional.