Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain323 ProMAX® Reference

Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain

Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain is applied to arbitrary

ensembles of input traces, including common-offset gathers,
common-shot gathers, and common-receiver gathers.

Theory

Comparison of DMO Algorithms

Advance offers three DMO processes: Common Offset F-K

DMO, Ensemble DMO in T-X Domain, and Dip
Decomposition DMO. A comparison of the three can be
found in the DMO Overview.
Dip-moveout correction is a dip-dependent partial migration,
applied so nonzero-offset seismic data exhibits the same
zero-offset for all offsets. This transformation from non-zero-
offset to zero-offset yields improved velocity estimates and
higher lateral resolution, as well as a few other desirable side
effects, such as the attenuation of coherent noise.

For each ensemble of input traces, the process accumulates

the DMO response of each trace in a buffer, indexed by CDP
location. When an entire ensemble of DMO-corrected traces
has been accumulated, the process outputs the ensemble.
Specifically, this process is an implementation of the integral
Kirchhoff method, with care taken to avoid spatial aliasing of
the DMO operators.

New traces are not produced by this process, implying that

part of the DMO response for far-offset traces will be lost if
applied to common-shot ensembles. The best ensembles are
pseudo common-offset gathers binned so all CDP locations
are represented in each input and output ensemble.

Usage
Ideally, DMO should follow autostatics and NMO corrections
in the processing flow. Furthermore, the velocities used in
NMO (before DMO) should be the dip-independent velocities
appropriate for horizontal reflectors. Estimating these

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Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain324 ProMAX® Reference

velocities without first applying DMO can be difficult.

Therefore, a useful intermediate processing sequence is:
Sort to desired input domain (Use Disk Data Input or Inline Sort)

NMO (Use the best estimate of velocities)

DMO

Inverse NMO (Use the same velocities as for the initial NMO)

Velocity analysis

When the difference between initial and final velocities is

significant, repeat the above sequence. Having arrived at your
final stacking velocities, the processing flow will continue
with:
Sort to desired input domain (Use Disk Data Input or Inline sort)

NMO (Use the final velocities)

DMO

Sort to CDP domain (Use Disk Data Input or Inline sort)

CDP Stack

In cases of skidded shots or other irregular shooting

geometry, traces may spill from one DMO bin into an
adjacent bin, yielding two or more traces per CDP within a
given DMO bin. Traces within the same DMO bin having
identical CDP numbers are stacked together prior to DMO
being applied to the common offset sections. Thus, less
traces may be output from this process than were input. This
will cause the DMO output to be stamped as not matching
the database.

References
Deregowski, S. M., 1986, What is DMO?: First Break, 4, 7.

Hale, D., 1991, A non-aliased integral method for DMO: Geophysics, 56, 6.

Parameters

CDP interval

Enter the CDP interval in ft. or m. This parameter and the

source-receiver offset determine the width of the DMO
operator.

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Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain325 ProMAX® Reference

Typical CDP spacing in ensembles

Enter the CDP spacing in the input/output ensembles, but

not less than the CDP interval. However, when applying this
process to common-shot ensembles, this parameter is
usually the same as the CDP interval. This parameter
determines the highest wavenumber contained in the DMO
operator. The DMO operator contains wavenumbers less than
1/2 cycle per typical CDP spacing to avoid operator aliasing.

Maximum offset of data

Enter the maximum absolute value of the offsets.

Typical mute time at largest offset

Enter a rough estimate of the smallest time of interest for the

largest source-receiver offset. Used only in determining the
number of time shifts required in the DMO operators.

Typical RMS velocity at early times

Enter a rough estimate of the RMS velocity in ft./s or m/s.

Determines the number of time shifts used to construct the
DMO operator. Too high a value may degrade the DMO
operator at early times. Too low a value results in more time
shifts and, more computation time than is necessary.

Reapply old trace mutes after DMO?

Select Yes to reapply trace mutes after DMO. Select No if you
want the mutes to be adjusted based on the first and last
non-zero samples after DMO. In either case, if tapered mutes
were used before DMO, the same taper length will be used
after DMO.

Rekill old dead traces after DMO?

Select Yes to rekill dead traces after DMO. Select No to leave

previously dead traces alive, and mutes will be determined
from the first and last non-zero samples.

Header entry to use for offsets

Select the binned offset entry if the binned traces by offset

header exists. However, the binned offset is constant, and

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Ensemble DMO in the T-X Domain326 ProMAX® Reference

you might want to experiment with binned offsets instead of

true offsets.

Change maximum memory usage?

Select Yes to change the maximum memory the DMO can

use.

Maximum memory reserved for DMO (in megabytes)

This appears if Yes to Change maximum memory usage.

Enter the maximum memory in megabytes. When DMO
requires more memory than this limit, the DMO is done in
overlapping panels.

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