61110-1021-1 REV.P Description

Guodian Taizhou Power Plant / Boiler 61110-1021-1 Rev.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF
BOILER CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM
(BOILER PROPER)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 GENERAL Void
2.0 EXPLANATION OF CONTROL LOOP FUNCTION

2.1 Unit Coordinate Control 3
(1) Unit operation mode
(2) Unit master
(3) Load increase/decrease block
(4) Turbine master
(5) Boiler master
(6) Main steam pressure control
(7) Boiler input rate demand
(8) Wet/Dry transfer
(9) Load runback operations
(10) Cross limit function
(11) Overall explanation of the coordinate control loop
2.2 Feed Water Control
(1) Feed water master 17
(2) BFP flow control See note 1
2.3 Water Separator Control 18
(1) Water separator level control
(2) Boiler recirculation water flow control
(3) WDC control
(4) BCP warming water discharge control
(5) BCP injection water control
2.4 Turbine Bypass Control See note 1
(1) General
(2) High pressure turbine bypass pressure control
(3) HP Turbine bypass temperature control
(4) Low pressure turbine bypass pressure control
Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

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Guodian Taizhou Power Plant / Boiler 61110-1021-1 Rev.P
(5) LP Turbine bypass temperature control

2.5 Fuel Control
(1) Fuel flow demand 22
(2) Water/Fuel ratio control 22
(3) Light oil control 23
(4) Coal feeder control See note 1
2.6 Pulverized Coal Firing Control See note 1
(1) Primary air flow control
(2) Coal mill outlet temperature control
(3) Coal mill rotary separator speed control
2.7 Air Flow & Furnace Draft Control 24
(1) Air flow control
(2) Furnace draft control
2.8 Primary air pressure control See note 1
2.9 Main Steam Temperature Control 25
(1) 1ry SH spray control
2.10 Reheat Steam Temperature Control 27
(1) SH/RH pass outlet gas distribution damper control
(2) Burner tilting control
(3) RH spray control
2.11 Wind box Damper Control See note 2
Notes:
1. See drawing No. 61110-1021-2 titled FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF BOILER
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (EXCEPT BOILER PROPER)
2. See drawing No. 61120-1002 titled WIND BOX DAMPER CONTROL METHOD AND
CONTROL REQUIREMENT

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2.0 EXPLANATION OF CONTROL LOOP FUNCTION
2.1 Unit Coordinate Control
(1) Unit operation mode
The Unit Coordinate Control is designed to develop the following proper demands for the
boiler and the turbine depending on the unit operating conditions.
・Boiler Input Demand
・Turbine Master Demand
・Boiler Input Ratio Demand
The relationship between these demands depends entirely on the mode of operation chosen.
The Unit Coordinate Control is capable of being operated in the following modes.
・Coordinated Control mode (CC)
・Boiler Follow Control mode (BF),
・Boiler Input Control mode (BI): including Turbine follow mode
・Boiler Manual mode (BM): including Turbine follow mode
a. Coordinate Control (CC) mode:
This is the normal operation mode of the unit. The Unit Load Demand (which is MW demand)
is given to both the boiler and the turbine so that energy input into the boiler matches to the
energy output from the turbine. Turbine governor control will follow the MW demand directly.
Boiler input control will follow MW demand which is corrected by main steam pressure
deviation. Stable operation could be expected in this mode of operation since turbine governor
valve respond to MW demand quickly and boiler load will also be quickly changed. This control
mode could also be most contributed to the network requirement (MW demand from NLDC,
Frequency stabilization requirement). In order to put into the CC mode operation, not only the
boiler input control and the turbine master control but also all major control loops of the boiler
such as feed water, fuel flow, air flow and furnace pressure control are to be kept in Automatic
mode.
The other control modes described below use a different control strategy because MW

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demand sent from NLDC and/or set by operator manipulation is not applicable. Instead of a
coordinated turbine and boiler demand signal, main steam pressure is controlled with one of
the control loop in automatic mode while the other is operated in manual mode.
b. Boiler Follow Control (BF) mode:
When the turbine master is changed to Manual mode during CC mode operation, operation
mode is shifted from CC mode to BF mode. In this mode of operation, unit loading is changed
by operator manipulation via the Turbine master control in manual. Under the condition of
“Boiler Input Control Auto” and “Turbine Master Manual”, the demand to the boiler is
automatically set to control main steam pressure which is corrected on actual MW signal.
MW demand signal is tracked with actual MW in this mode.
c. Boiler Input Control (BI) mode:
In this mode of operation, boiler input is given by operator manipulation. This means that unit
loading is changed by operator via the Boiler Input Control. Under the condition of “Boiler Input
Control Manual” and “Turbine Master Auto”, the demand to the turbine governor is
automatically set to control main steam pressure. Most stable unit operation could be expected
in this mode since boiler input is directly adjusted. However, response to the unit load
requirement will be inferior to CC and BF modes.
MW demand signal is tracked with actual MW in this mode.
When runback occurs, Boiler Input Control mode is automatically selected.
d. Boiler Manual (BM) mode:
This mode will be used during unit start up and shut down period. When the feed water control
is changed to manual mode during dry mode operation, or fuel flow control is changed to
manual mode during wet mode operation, this mode is selected automatically. In this mode of
operation, there is no control on the unit load.
If the Turbine master is in Automatic mode, turbine governor will control main steam pressure.

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ここに Fig.-2.1.1 を挿入 A3 サイズ

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(2) Unit master
MW demand signal correspond to allowable load range and restricted load change rate is
made by the operator manipulation or the demand from NLDC.
a. Load target set
It is possible to set load target by means of either operator manipulation (House mode) or the
demand from NLDC (NLDC mode) under the CC mode of operation. If mode selection other
than CC mode is selected, load target is tracked with actual MW signal.
In case of House mode, load target set can be made by control station provided on the VDU.
Transfer to the NLDC mode can be made by control station on the VDU.
b. Load change rate set
Limitation of the load change rate is added on load target signal to avoid sudden change of
the load demand signal. It is possible to set load change rate by means of either in automatic
or in manual. In case of automatic mode, programmed change rate made by MW demand or
Boiler Input demand is given. In case of manual mode, operator can be set from the control
station provided on the VDU. Turbine stress condition is also considered as rate limit condition.
During turbine stress control IN mode at the MT-DEH system, load rate upper limitation due to
turbine stress is given to the load target signal.
c. Frequency bias
Frequency deviation signal is added on the load demand signal in order to accommodate the
inherent frequency regulation function achieved by the turbine governor.
Turbine governor has a droop control circuit. In response to the network frequency fluctuation
band, turbine governor will regulate the output MW. If this MW change is modified and
recovered by the boiler control, droop control performed by turbine governor will be cancelled.
Therefore frequency bias correspond to droop set point is added on load demand signal to
maintain proper droop control function by turbine governor (governor free action).
Frequency bias is applicable only when CC mode is selected.
Main steam pressure compensation is considered so that influence to the load due to different

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operating pressure can be minimized.
High/low and rate limit for frequency bias is also provided to prevent fluctuations of boiler input
control demand and to maintain safety operational range of the boiler.
d. Load upper/lower limit
Upper and/or lower limitation to the Load demand signal is then given. It is possible by
operator manipulation and applicable only under the CC mode of operation. Load demand
signal added the upper and/or lower limitation is changed to so called MW demand signal.
(3) Load increase/decrease block
Purpose of the Load increase/decrease block function is to maintain stable plant operation
and is considered as one of the protection function of the plant control system.
If some major sub control loop such as turbine governor, feed water, fuel and air is reached to
its limitation of the control range under the CC mode or BI mode, plant is not able to continue
stable operation.
Therefore, when load increase/decrease block condition exists, load change rate is set to zero
(0) forcibly and load change is blocked.
If concerned major sub control loop is recovered within its control range, this function could be
reset and load change would be reacted.

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(4) Turbine master
When CC mode is selected, turbine master will follow the MW demand sent from unit master
and control MW (Generator load) so that actual MW is matched with MW demand signal
(MWD).
a. Turbine governor demand
Control Turbine governor demand Auto/Manual status of control loop
mode Turbine Feed Fuel Air
Governor water
CC MW control by MWD Auto Auto Auto Auto
BF Manual set Manual Auto Auto Auto
BI Main steam press. control if Auto/ Auto Auto Auto
turbine master is in Auto Manual
BM Main steam press. control if Auto/ Any one in Manual
turbine master is in Auto Manual
b. Turbine governor override control
When main steam pressure deviation becomes larger than predetermined band during CC
mode operation, turbine master will control main steam pressure instead of MW to stabilize the
balance between boiler input and turbine output. This is so called override control of the
turbine governor.
PI controllers for MW control (CC mode) and main steam pressure control (BI or BM mode) are
independently provided to improve the control performance as an alternative control method.
Corrected MW function is also considered.
This is to correct actual MW by using the main steam pressure deviation, and is given some
limitation to the turbine governor valve function.
By adding this, over shooting of the turbine governor can be avoided and more fast control of
the MW becomes possible.

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(5) Boiler master
Boiler input demand (BID) signal is composed of MW demand signal (MWD) and main steam
pressure correction signal in case of CC mode, and is composed of actual MW and main
steam pressure correction signal in case of BF mode.
In BI mode, boiler input demand can be set by operator manipulation of BID setter. When
runback is activated, BID is made according to preset runback target load and load change
rate.
In BM mode, boiler input demand is made by feed water flow (MW base) in dry operation, and
by actual MW in wet operation.
Contro Boiler Input Demand Auto/Manual status of control loop
l mode Wet Dry Turbine Feed Feed Fuel Fuel Air
operatio operation Governo Water Water (Wet) (Dry)
n r (Wet) (Dry)
CC MWD MWD+ Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto
Pms
correction
BF Actual Actual MW+ Manual Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto
MW Pms
tracking correction
BI Manual Manual set Auto/ Auto/ Auto Auto Auto/ Auto/
set Manual Manual Manual Manual
BM Actual Actual Feed Auto/ Auto/ Manual Manual Auto/ Auto/
MW Water Flow Manual Manual Manual Manual
tracking tracking

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(6) Main steam pressure control
Set point of the main steam pressure is made by following two (2) ways and is given as
variable pressure program.
1) According to MWD in case of CC mode
2) According to BID in case of other modes than CC mode
Set point of the main steam pressure can also be given by operator manipulation in case of
setter Manual mode.
LAG function corresponding to boiler time constant is considered on the set point of the main
steam pressure. This is because of delayed response of the main steam pressure against
boiler input demand due to time constant of the boiler. If it is not considered, there is possibility
to shift to the turbine governor override control. This will then linked to restriction of the unit
load.

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(7) Boiler input rate demand (BIR)
Static balance of the boiler input at each load is maintained by respective demand signal to
the related sub-control loop such as feed water, fuel flow and air. However, it is not sufficient
during load change.
Considering boiler dynamic balance, Boiler Input Rate (BIR) demand is provided and added on
the respective demand signal to the sub-control loop as feed forward signal. BIR demand can
be made freely, and respectively in response to load up and/or load down. BIR demand for Air
flow control sub-loop is always increase side only due to air rich function.
An example of BIR function is explained below.
Load
BIR
Fuel Flow /
2IS/3IS
BIR Air Flow
/AA
BIR
Feed Water
BIR
GD/BT
Note: Above function curve will be decided after site commissioning test.

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(8) Wet/Dry transfer
As a feature of Ultra-Supercritical boiler, two kind of operation form is applied. It is divided at
boundary of <boiler steam flow ≒ boiler minimum feed water flow>.
If boiler steam flow is less than boiler minimum feed water flow, it is so called “Wet operation”,
and if boiler steam flow is higher than boiler minimum feed water flow, it is so called “Dry
operation”. Wet operation can be considered as drum type boiler. Therefore its control method
shall be designed according to each operation form, basically.
Judgement of the mode transfer will be done by MW demand, basically. For mode transfer
from Wet to Dry, Water separator level will also be considered as an alternative transfer
method.
Note: More details will be added later.

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(9) Load runback operations
1) Load Runback
The “Load Runback” is intended to effect the following action;
When a trip accident of the boiler and turbine auxiliary equipment occurs during normal load
operation, the input demand to the boiler shall be promptly decreased by this function in
accordance with predetermined change rate conforming to the respective kinds of trips.
Otherwise plant will not be continue the stable operation. Boiler input demand shall be
decreased until the amount of the load reaches to the level corresponding to the capacity of
the remaining auxiliary equipment of the plant.
To make a sudden decrease of the boiler input demand, it is essential to get the respective
sub-loops (for controlling feed water, fuel, air supply and furnace pressure) of the boiler input
operated in the automatic mode. Furthermore, it is necessary to make the turbine master
operate also in the automatic mode for effecting rapid and stable pressure control against
fluctuation in the main steam pressure due to varied boiler input.
Boiler’s input demand is decreased at a preset target value/change rate determined according
to the content of runback in the boiler input mode, while the coordinate control mode is left
disabled.
Runback item is explained below (only for reference).
Change rate shows tentative value. Final target load and change rate shall be decided during
commissioning stage.
Operation status Cause of Target load Change rate Remarks
after runback Runback
1xT-BFP T-BFP trip or 50% ECR 100
in operation M-BFP trip % ECR/min.
M-BFP T-BFP trip *% 100
In operation % ECR/min.

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1xT-BFP+ T-BFP trip *% 100
M-BFP % ECR/min.
In operation
1xIDF IDF trip 50%ECR 300 To be checked with
% ECR/min. boiler engineer
1xFDF FDF trip 50%ECR 300 To be checked with
% ECR/min. boiler engineer
* will be decided according to the capacity of M-BFP.
2) Void
(10) Cross limit function

Purpose of the cross-limited function is to give some limit on each flow demand such as feed
water, fuel and air in order to ensure that the unbalance never exceed the regulated limits. This
function is applicable only when corresponding loop is operated under auto mode.
- Feed water flow demand upper / lower limitation due to fuel flow
- Fuel flow demand upper limitation due to lack of the total feed water flow
- Fuel flow demand upper limitation due to lack of the total air flow
- Air flow demand lower limitation due to fuel flow
(11) Overall explanation of the coordinate control loop
The coordinate control loop uses the “MW Demand” as a load target to compare with actual
unit MW load. The load target signal is developed normally by the operator manipulation or
from the NLDC. This target load signal passes through a Rate Limiter, which limits the rate of
change of the target load according to preset limits. As long as the target load rate of increase
is less than the selected limiting rate, the target load signal is transmitted. When the rate at
which the target load is increasing exceeds the selected limiting rate, the Rate Limiter will
prevent the excessive unsafe signal from passing through and selects the safe preset limit
instead.
Then, the target load signal is sent to an Adder. The Adder adds a frequency error signal to
compensate system frequency deviations on the incoming target load signal. The sum of the

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two signals then passes through “Load Limiter” selectors (a High and Low Selector). The
output signal from the “Load Limiter” is changed to so called “MW demand signal”. The MW
demand signal is then distributed to Turbine Master and Boiler Master.
The MW demand signal to turbine master is used as a Load set point to compare with the unit
generated actual MW. An error signal of the main steam pressure is added to the generated
MW signal to compensate deviation of the main steam pressure. The output signal from the
Adder is so called corrected MW.
In the CC mode, the Subtractor sends an error signal (MW control signal) representing the
difference between the desired and measured (corrected) load to the Turbine E/H governor.
The MW control signal to the turbine E/H governor is sent through High and Low selectors.
Under normal operation, it passes through these selectors to the PI controller, which output
signal is sent to the E/H governor. However, in the event of a large error in main steam
pressure, the High or Low selectors block the flow of the MW control signal and permit the flow
of the main steam pressure error signal instead to the E/H governor. Under these conditions,
the E/H governor suspends MW control and switch to main steam pressure control.
In the High selector logic, the Subtractor deducts a 7 bar signal under CC mode from the error
signal of main steam pressure. In the Low selector logic, the Adder adds a 7 bar signal under
CC mode on the error signal of main steam pressure.
When BI or BM mode is selected, turbine master will control main steam pressure by PI
pressure controller separately provided from PI MW controller.
The MW demand signal to the Boiler Input control is fed to summer where steam pressure
error control signal is added. Then it is fed to relative boiler sub-control loop such as feed
water, fuel flow, air flow, furnace pressure control and so on through the runback transfer logic.

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2.2 Feed Water Control
(1) Feed water master

The purpose of the Feed Water Flow control is to control the total Feed Water Flow to satisfy
the current Boiler input demand. The total Feed Water Flow is measured at economizer inlet.
The Feed Water Flow demand based on the Boiler Input demand is cross-limited with the total
Fuel Flow to ensure that the unbalance never exceed the regulated limits. In addition, the
Feed Water Flow demand is maintained above the Boiler Minimum Water Flow under all
conditions to protect the boiler tube. As a consequence of this, the boiler control condition will
transfer from wet separator (WET mode) to dry separator (DRY mode) and vice versa without
any external intervention. This is because the Feed Water Flow to the Fuel Flow ratio is high
under low load condition. Therefore the steam entering the water separator becomes
increasingly wet as the load decreases, and increasingly dry as the load increases.
The Boiler Minimum Flow is generated by a function of the total SH spray water flow because
the SH spray line is branched off the Boiler Economizer Outlet. In addition, in a case of unit
start-up, the Start-up Bias is added to the Boiler Minimum Flow in consideration of the plant
heat balance. In order to avoid economizer steaming phenomenon, plus bias is also added on
the feed water flow demand to increase feed water flow.
The primary controller uses a proportional plus integral function of the Feed Water Flow error
to generate the Boiler Feed water Pump Flow demand for secondary controller (BFP Flow
controller).
(2) BFP flow control

See drawing No. 61110-1021-2 titled FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF BOILER CLOSED
LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (EXCEPT BOILER PROPER)

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2.3 Water Separator Control
(1) Water separator Level control

The purpose of Water Separator (WS) Level control is to maintain the WS Drain Tank Level
below the regulated level by the Boiler Recirculation Water Flow Control Valve (BR), WS Drain
Tank Level Control Valves (WDC) and the Boiler Re-circulation Pump (BCP) Warming Water
Discharge Valve. WS drain will be generated during boiler clean up operation and wet mode
operation in principle.
(2) Boiler re-circulation water flow control

The purpose of the Boiler recirculation water flow control is to achieve heat recovery by means
of recirculation of generated drain during wet mode operation and to improve boiler efficiency.
Set point of the Boiler recirculation water flow is given and generated by a function of the WS
drain tank level. If WS drain tank level is reached at higher than preset level, and if BCP is
started, BR flow PI control will be started so that BR flow is matched with WS drain tank level.
After that, when boiler steam flow becomes high and WS drain tank level goes down, BR flow
will also be decreased. Finally, BR valve will be closed, and BCP will be stopped. Namely, in
Dry mode operation, B.R Flow will be zero.
Four kind of set point for BR valve opening program are provided as follows.
a. Normal set point during wet mode operation
b. Set point for boiler start-up using BFPT. In case if BFPT operation is needed at boiler start-
up period, BR flow set point shall be decreased so that feed water flow could be increased
since flow control of low flow range operation by BFPT is not practicable.
c. Set point against economizer steaming. If economizer outlet temperature is increased, to
decrease it, BR flow set point is temporarily decreased so that feed water flow from BFP is
increased.
d. Set point against swelling phenomenon when first burner is light-off. BR flow set point is
temporarily decreased so that WS drain tank level will not go down.
When the Boiler Re-circulation Pump is stopped, the B.R valve is forced to close.
(3) WDC control

WDC are controlled as a function of the WS Drain Tank Level. The program functions are
prepared for the individual WDC valves, so the three valves are used as a split range control.
The functions are set as the WDC B/C will be opened next to the WDCA.
In addition, the differential of the level is added to the WDC B /C control program to operate
earlier in a case of rapid level change. WDC valves will be used as emergency back-up for BR
valve during wet mode operation and for BCP warming water discharge valve during dry mode

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operation.
The WDC valves will be forced to close when the WDC valve outlet valves are closed.
Note: In case of MHI’s boiler usually, condenser protection interlock is also considered on
WDC valves since WDC discharge lines are connected to condenser directly. However, in
Guodian Taizhou power plant, WDC discharge lines will be connected to condenser through
the flash tank and drain pump. So it is recommended to consider some condenser protection
interlock (e.g. condenser Level very high etc.) on recovery line from flash tank to condenser.
(4) BCP warming water discharge control

The BCP warming water discharge control valve is controlled as a function of the WS Drain
Tank Level, too. This valve is opened only in the boiler Dry mode operation to discharge the
level growth by the BCP warming water to the 3ry SH side. This valve is fully closed during wet
mode operation.
(5) BCP injection water control
During wet mode operation, injection water flow of 1-3 % MCR will be maintained by this
control valve for sub cooling of the drain. During dry mode operation, this valve will be closed.
However, warming line is kept by by-pass orifice.

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2.4 Turbine Bypass Control
LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (EXCEPT BOILER PROPER)
2.5 Fuel Control
(1) Fuel flow demand

1) Total Fuel Flow control
The purpose of Fuel Flow control is to control the total Fuel Flow to satisfy the current Boiler
Input Demand. The total fuel flow is made of the two kind of fuel flow (coal and light oil).
2) Total fuel flow demand

The total fuel flow demand is made based on the Boiler Input Demand provided for different
start-up mode. Water/Fuel ratio demand is added on total fuel flow demand. Cross-limited
function and RH protection function is also considered.
The actual heating value of the main coal fuel may vary, and the heat absorption condition of
the boiler depends on kinds of fuel and burner elevations.
To compensate for this, the Water/Fuel ratio bias (WFR) demand is added to the total fuel flow
demand. In addition, to improve the responsiveness of the boiler during a load changing, the
Boiler Input Ratio demand (BIR-FF) is added as the feed forward signal.
3) Cross-limited function to ensure that the unbalance never exceed the regulated limits.
- Fuel flow demand decrease due to lack of the total feed water flow
- Fuel flow demand decrease due to lack of the total air flow
4) RH protection function
Upper limitation is provided so that the fuel flow demand becomes lower than limited value
when steam entering into the RH is not established.
(2) Water/Fuel ratio control

The Water/Fuel Ratio (WFR) demand is generated by the following method.
When the boiler is in WET mode, the main steam pressure is controlled by the fuel flow (same
as Drum type boiler). Therefore in this case, the WFR demand is adjusted to control the main
steam pressure.
The actual heating value of the main coal fuel may vary, and the heat absorption condition of

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the boiler depends on kinds of fuel and burner elevations.

When the boiler is in DRY mode, the WFR demand is adjusted to compensate for above-
mentioned variation. In this case, the WFR demand controls the Superheat Rate of the water
separator inlet steam. As a result, the Main Steam Temperature control is always best
positioned (namely, spraying under steady state conditions when above a certain load) to
quickly respond to temperature upsets.
Moreover to protect of the boiler, it is necessary to control the superheat rate on the regulated
set point. In addition, to assist for the Main Steam Temperature control, steam temperature
error of each part is added as the proportional control signal.
Upstream steam temperature deviation (i.e. Water separator outlet steam temperature, 1ry SH
outlet temperature) are added on main steam temperature control loop as feed forward
demands.
Fuel demand will be decreased when 1ry SH outlet steam temperature exceeds set point
based on water separator pressure. This will override the Water/Fuel ratio control.
Water/Fuel ratio demand will increase (decrease) by integral action when superheat rate of the
water separator outlet becomes lower (higher) than low (high) set point made by water
separator pressure.
Upper and/or lower limitation to the Water/Fuel ratio control demand is then given since
allowable operation width is different at low load range and high load range.
(3) Light oil control

The light oil is not main fuel for boiler combustion and is used only for start-up period and for
low load operation.
The light oil flow demand is given as <Fuel Flow Demand – Total Coal Flow>.
The light oil header pressure override function is used for keeping light oil header pressure
within stable combustion level to avoid unstable continuous operation and boiler trip. This is
so-called “Light oil minimum pressure control”.
(4) Coal feeder control

LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (EXCEPT BOILER PROPER).
2.6 Pulverized Coal Firing Control


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2.7 Air Flow & Furnace Draft Control
(1) Air flow control
The total Air Flow for combustion is controlled by modulating the blade pitch positions of two
Forced Draft Fans (FDF).
The control outputs to FDF blade pitch are based on Air Flow demand (AFD).
AFD is calculated as a function of Fuel Flow demand (FFD) and Boiler Input Ratio (BIR-Air)
and corrected to insure complete combustion by monitoring for flue gas oxygen. The AFD is
cross-limited with total fuel flow to prevent fuel rich condition in the furnace.
The FDF blade demand is fed through a direction block interlock which blocks demand change
which could cause furnace pressure extremes. The direction block interlock also prevents the
FDF demand increase when the Surging block function detects an impending FDF Surging
condition.
(2) Furnace draft control

The Furnace Draft is controlled by modulating the two Induced Draft Fan(IDF) blade pitch
positions.
The control outputs to the IDF blade pitch are based on the pressure error and a feed forward
signal. The FDF blade demand is used as the feed forward component to improve response
during a load change.
In the event of a large furnace draft excursion appropriate overrides are automatically taken. In
the event of a Master Fuel Trip (MFT), the IDF blade demand are forced to minimum position
by the Furnace Pressure control high-limits, to prevent a furnace implosion that may result from
the sudden decrease in furnace air flow and combustibles.
The IDF blade demand is fed through a direction block interlock which blocks demand change
which could cause furnace pressure extremes. The direction block interlock also prevents the
IDF demand increase when the Surging block function detects an impending IDF Surging
condition.
2.8 Primary Air Pressure Control


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2.9 Main Steam Temperature Control
Accurate and stable control of the Main Steam Temperature is important to maximize the
efficiency of the steam cycle.
This is achieved by the followings:
- Water / Fuel ratio control
- Super heater spray controls (3 stage)
Main steam temperature depends on Water/Fuel ratio basically. However, super heater spray
control is also applied to cover transient state (e.g. during load change), because its response
is faster than water/fuel ratio control. In the coal fired, ultra-supercritical boiler, three (3) stage
spray controls are normally used to improve controllability against following severe conditions:
- Large temperature variation at Water separator, Water wall and each super heater
- Super heater characteristics change due to coal change
The spray control system is accomplished by regulating the flow of attemperating spray water
in the parallel steam flow paths at the inlet of 2ry SH, at the inlet of 3ry SH and at the inlet of
final SH.
(1) 1ry Super heater spray control

The primary stage attemperation control uses PID controller to adjust the 2ry SH outlet
temperature. The set point is programmed based on load demand, and is compared with
measured 2ry SH outlet temperature. Feed forward demand programmed by load demand is
also added.
In the dry mode operation, water separator outlet temperature is controlled at <saturated
temperature +α℃> to improve controllability. This is so called “Water wall outlet temperature
control”.
A steam saturation protection function is incorporated to prevent the 1ry spray control valves
from driving the attemperator outlet temperature below the steam saturation point.
While a Master Fuel Trip condition or Steam Block condition or Boiler load low condition (fuel
flow demand low), the 1ry spray control valves are forced to close to limit possibility of the
thermal influence at the downstream of the attemperator.

The secondary stage attemperation control uses PID controller to adjust the 3ry SH outlet
temperature. The set point is programmed based on load demand, and is compared with
measured 3ry SH outlet temperature. Feed forward demand programmed by load demand is

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also added.
The secondary stage attemperation control will also adjust spray control valves so that pre-
determined temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the secondary stage
attemperator could be kept during steady state operation. This is so called “2DSDT control”.
A steam saturation protection function is incorporated to prevent the 1ry spray control valves
flow demand low), the 2ry spray control valves are forced to close to limit possibility of the

The Main steam temperature control uses Cascade control (upstream controller adjusts the
Final SH inlet temperature set point which is downstream controller set point.).
The set point is programmed based on load demand, and is compared with measured Final SH
outlet temperature. Feed forward demand programmed by load demand is also added.
The third stage attemperation control will also adjust spray control valves so that pre-
determined temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the third stage attemperator
could be kept during steady state operation. This is so called “3DSDT control”.
A steam saturation protection function is incorporated to prevent the spray control valves from
driving the attemperator outlet temperature below the Steam Saturation point.
flow demand low), the attemperator control (SH Spray) valves are forced to close to limit
chance of the thermal influence at the downstream of the attemperator.

26
2.10 Reheat Steam Temperature Control
Accurate and stable control of the Hot Reheat Steam Temperature is important to maximize
the efficiency of the steam cycle.
This is achieved by the followings:
- SH/RH pass outlet gas distribution damper control
- Burner tilting control
- Re-heater spray control
(1) SH/RH pass outlet gas distribution damper control

The set point of the hot reheat steam temperature is programmed by the load demand. The
set point bias function is also provided for operator manipulation. The re-heater outlet
temperature is measured, and compared with set point. The difference between the measured
value and the set point, i.e. the error signal, is fed to a PI controller through process gain
compensation loop. Feed forward signal programmed by the load demand is added on output
signal from a PI controller.
(2) Burner tilting control

Program control in proportion to boiler load is provided. No feedback control of the Reheat
steam temperature will be considered.
(3) Re-heater spray control

The Reheat Steam Temperature controller maintains the RH Steam Temperature to an
operator adjustable set point by primary modulating flue gas distribution at the SH and RH
pass outlet and secondary, by controlling the Re-heater spray control valves.
The RH spray control valves are only opened when the SH/RH pass outlet gas distribution
damper control has become saturated (i.e. it is not effectively controlling the Reheat Steam
Temperature). Because of this, the set point of RH spray control valves is set to <Normal set
point +β℃>.
A steam saturation protection function is incorporated to prevent the RH spray control valves
flow demand low), the RH spray control valves are forced to close to limit possibility of the

27
2.11 Wind box Damper Control

See drawing No. 61120-1002 titled WIND BOX DAMPER CONTROL METHOD AND
CONTROL REQUIREMENT.

28

61110-1021-1 REV.P Description

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2.0 EXPLANATION OF CONTROL LOOP FUNCTION

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

(5) LP Turbine bypass temperature control

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

2.0 EXPLANATION OF CONTROL LOOP FUNCTION

2.1 Unit Coordinate Control

(1) Unit operation mode

boiler and the turbine depending on the unit operating conditions.

・Boiler Input Demand

・Turbine Master Demand

・Boiler Input Ratio Demand

・Coordinated Control mode (CC)

・Boiler Follow Control mode (BF),

・Boiler Input Control mode (BI): including Turbine follow mode

・Boiler Manual mode (BM): including Turbine follow mode

a. Coordinate Control (CC) mode:

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

b. Boiler Follow Control (BF) mode:

MW demand signal is tracked with actual MW in this mode.

c. Boiler Input Control (BI) mode:

requirement will be inferior to CC and BF modes.

MW demand signal is tracked with actual MW in this mode.

When runback occurs, Boiler Input Control mode is automatically selected.

d. Boiler Manual (BM) mode:

operation, there is no control on the unit load.

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

ここに Fig.-2.1.1 を挿入 A3 サイズ

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

(2) Unit master

made by the operator manipulation or the demand from NLDC.

a. Load target set

than CC mode is selected, load target is tracked with actual MW signal.

b. Load change rate set

or in manual. In case of automatic mode, programmed change rate made by MW demand or

turbine stress is given to the load target signal.

inherent frequency regulation function achieved by the turbine governor.

Frequency bias is applicable only when CC mode is selected.

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

operating pressure can be minimized.

control demand and to maintain safety operational range of the boiler.

d. Load upper/lower limit

(3) Load increase/decrease block

(0) forcibly and load change is blocked.

reset and load change would be reacted.

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

(4) Turbine master

a. Turbine governor demand

Control Turbine governor demand Auto/Manual status of control loop

mode Turbine Feed Fuel Air

CC MW control by MWD Auto Auto Auto Auto

BF Manual set Manual Auto Auto Auto

BI Main steam press. control if Auto/ Auto Auto Auto

turbine master is in Auto Manual

BM Main steam press. control if Auto/ Any one in Manual

turbine master is in Auto Manual

b. Turbine governor override control

independently provided to improve the control performance as an alternative control method.

Corrected MW function is also considered.

limitation to the turbine governor valve function.

the MW becomes possible.

Functional Description of Boiler Control Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

(5) Boiler master