STATUTORY INTERPRETATIONS

JULY 2008

DET NORSKE VERITAS

FOREWORD
DET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-
erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy
services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research
in relation to these functions.

Preamble
This publication presents the Society’s interpretations of adopted resolutions on matters arising from implementing the require-
ments of IMO Conventions or Recommendations. Such adopted resolutions can involve uniform interpretations of Convention
Regulations or IMO Resolutions on those matters which in the Convention are left to the satisfaction of the Administration or
vaguely worded.
The publication covers only some relevant topics and shall under no circumstances be taken as the Society’s complete guideline
to statutory interpretations.

Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnv.com

For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@dnv.com
Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site http://www.dnv.com
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If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person
for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-
sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.
In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det
Norske Veritas.
 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Contents – Page 3

CONTENTS
Sec. 1 Statutory Certification of vessels......................... 5
A. Introduction ............................................................................ 5
A 100 General.............................................................................. 5
A 200 Objectives ......................................................................... 5
A 300 Statutory Certification....................................................... 5
A 400 Service suppliers ............................................................... 5
B. Applicable Statutory Requirements........................................ 5
B 100 General.............................................................................. 5
B 200 DNV Statutory Interpretations.......................................... 5
B 300 Application........................................................................ 5
B 400 Amendments and adoption ............................................... 5
B 500 IACS Unified Interpretations............................................ 5
C. Definitions .............................................................................. 5
C 100 General.............................................................................. 5
D. Statutory Certification and vessels classed by the Society..... 6
D 100 General.............................................................................. 6
Sec. 2 SOLAS Ch.II-2
Interpretations and Clarifications....................... 7
A. General.................................................................................... 7
A 100 Application........................................................................ 7
A 200 Submission of documentation........................................... 7
B. SOLAS Ch.II-2/4 Probability of Ignition ............................... 7
B 100 Miscellaneous items of ignition sources and ignitability.. 7
C. SOLAS Ch.II-2/5 Fire Growth Potential................................ 7
C 100 Control of air supply and flammable liquid to the space.. 7
C 200 Fire protection materials ................................................... 7
D. SOLAS Ch.II-2/6 Smoke Generation Potential and
Toxicity................................................................................. 10
D 100 Paints, varnishes and other finishes, primary deck
coverings......................................................................... 10
E. SOLAS Ch.II-2/7 Detection and Alarm ............................... 10
E 100 General requirements...................................................... 10
E 200 Protection of machinery spaces ...................................... 10
E 300 Protection of accommodation and service spaces and
control stations................................................................ 10
E 400 Requirements of the FSS Code Ch.9 Fixed fire
detection and fire alarm systems..................................... 11
F. SOLAS Ch.II-2/8 Control of Smoke Spread ........................ 11
F 100 Protection of control stations outside machinery spaces 11
G. SOLAS Ch.II-2/9 Containment of Fire ................................ 11
G 100 Thermal and structural boundaries ................................. 11
G 200 Protection of openings in fire-resisting divisions .......... 11
G 300 Protection of openings in machinery space boundaries.. 11
G 400 Ventilation systems......................................................... 12
H. SOLAS Ch.II-2/10 Fire Fighting.......................................... 12
H 100 Water supply systems ..................................................... 12
H 200 Portable fire extinguishers .............................................. 12
H 300 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems .................................... 12
H 400 Fire-extinguishing arrangements in machinery spaces... 13
H 500 Fire-extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces........... 13
H 600 Fire-fighter’s outfits........................................................ 13
I. SOLAS Ch.II-2/11 Structural Integrity ................................ 13
J. SOLAS Ch.II-2/12 Notification of Crew and Passengers .... 13
J 100 General requirements...................................................... 13
K. SOLAS Ch.II-2/13 Means of Escape ................................... 13
K 100 Means of escape from control stations, accommodation
spaces and service spaces ............................................... 13
K 200 Means of escape from machinery spaces........................ 14
K 300 Means of escape from ro-ro spaces................................. 14
K 400 Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBD) ............. 14
L. SOLAS Ch.II-2/14 Operational Readiness and
Maintenance.......................................................................... 14
M. SOLAS Ch.II-2/15 Instructions, Onboard Training and
Drills .....................................................................................14
N. SOLAS Ch.II-2/16 Operations .............................................14
O. SOLAS Ch.II-2/17 Alternative Design and Arrangements ..15
P. SOLAS Ch.II-2/18 Helicopter Facilities ..............................15
P 100 Helicopter refuelling and hangar facilities ..................... 15
Q. SOLAS Ch.II-2/19 Carriage of Dangerous Goods ...............15
Q 100 General............................................................................ 15
R. SOLAS Ch.II-2/20 Protection of Vehicle, Special Category
and Ro-Ro Spaces.................................................................15
R 100 Precaution against ignition of flammable vapours in
closed vehicle spaces, closed ro-ro spaces and
special category spaces ................................................... 15
Sec. 3 SOLAS Ch.II-2 and the FSS Code
Fixed Gas Fire-extinguishing Systems.............. 16
A. General .................................................................................16
A 100 Application ..................................................................... 16
B. Requirements for all Gas Fire-extinguishing Systems .........16
B 100 General requirements...................................................... 16
C. CO2 Fire-Extinguishing Systems..........................................17
C 100 General requirements...................................................... 17
C 200 Fire-extinguishing systems for cargo holds.................... 18
C 300 CO2 high pressure fire-extinguishing systems for
machinery spaces, cargo handling spaces and
ro-ro spaces..................................................................... 18
D. Low Pressure CO2 Systems ..................................................18
D 100 General............................................................................ 18
D 200 Testing ............................................................................ 19
E. Equivalent Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems ..............19
E 100 General requirements...................................................... 19
Sec. 4 SOLAS Ch.II-2 and the FSS Code, High
Expansion and Inside Air Foam Systems......... 21
A. General..................................................................................21
A 100 Application .................................................................... 21
A 200 Definitions ...................................................................... 21
A 300 Water and foam concentrate supply systems.................. 21
A 400 Foam generating components and
foam generator room....................................................... 21
A 500 System arrangement........................................................ 22
A 600 Arrangement for machinery spaces and
cargo pump rooms .......................................................... 22
A 700 Arrangement for ro-ro spaces ......................................... 22
A 800 Testing of high expansion and inside air system ............ 22
Sec. 5 SOLAS Ch.III and LSA Code, Lifesaving
Arrangement....................................................... 24
A. General..................................................................................24
A 100 Application ..................................................................... 24
A 200 Scope............................................................................... 24
B. Documentation......................................................................24
B 100 Documentation for approval ........................................... 24
C. Passenger ships and cargo ships ...........................................24
C 100 General............................................................................ 24
C 200 Suez Canal crew ............................................................. 24
C 300 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 7) .................................................................. 24
C 400 Survival craft muster and embarkation arrangements
(SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 11)...................................... 24
C 500 Stowage of survival craft (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 13) ................................................................ 25
C 600 Survival craft launching and recovery arrangements
(SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 16)...................................... 25
C 700 Rescue boat embarkation, launching and recovery
arrangements (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 17) ............... 25
C 800 Pilot ladder arrangements (SOLAS Ch.V,
Regulation 23) ................................................................ 25

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 4 – Contents

D. Passenger ships (additional requirements) ........................... 25
D 100 Survival craft and rescue boats (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 21).................................................................25
D 200 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 22).................................................................25
D 300 Additional requirements for ro-ro passenger ships
(SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 26) ......................................25
E. Cargo ships (additional requirements).................................. 25
E 100 Survival craft and rescue boats (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 31).................................................................25
E 200 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 32).................................................................26
E 300 Survival craft embarkation and launching arrangements
(SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 33) ......................................26
F. Life-saving appliances and arrangements requirements....... 26
F 100 Free-fall lifeboats (LSA-Code Ch.IV, Regulation 4.7)...26
F 200 Launching and embarkation appliances
(LSA-Code Ch.VI)..........................................................26
G. References ............................................................................ 26
G 100 IACS Unified Interpretations (UI) ..................................26
Sec. 6 SOLAS Ch.IX - ISM Code................................. 27
A. ISM Code Reg. 5.1.5 ............................................................ 27
A 100 Master’s review...............................................................27
B. ISM Code Reg. 12.1 ............................................................. 27
B 100 Annual internal audits .....................................................27
C. ISM Code Reg. 12.2 ............................................................. 27
C 100 Management review........................................................27
D. ISM Code - Revised Guidelines on implementation of the
ISM Code by Administrations ..............................................27
D 100 Resolution A.913(22) – 3.2.............................................27
Sec. 7 SOLAS Ch.XI-2 - Maritime Security............... 28
A. General..................................................................................28
A 100 Regulation 6 - Ship Security Alert System .....................28
Sec. 8 International Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases
in Bulk - IGC Code ............................................ 29
A. General..................................................................................29
A 100 Application......................................................................29
B. IGC Code [Chapter 4] - Cargo Containment.......................29
B 100 Construction and testing..................................................29

DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 1
STATUTORY CERTIFICATION OF VESSELS
A. Introduction
A 100 General
101 Det Norske Veritas is an independent foundation with
the objective of safeguarding life, property, and the environ-
ment.
The foundation operates through the limited company Det
Norske Veritas AS, which is registered in Norway and oper-
ates through a worldwide network of offices.
Det Norske Veritas AS carries out classification, quality assur-
ance and certification of vessels, facilities and systems, and
carries out research in connection with these functions. More-
over, provided its integrity is not impaired, Det Norske Veritas
AS may perform assignments which utilize its knowledge or
which contribute to develop knowledge that will be required
for the performance of these tasks.
102 The Society signifies Det Norske Veritas AS.
103 The Board signifies the Executive Board of the Society.
A 200 Objectives
201 This publication presents the Society’s interpretations of
adopted resolutions on matters arising from implementing the
requirements of IMO Conventions or Recommendations. Such
adopted resolutions can involve uniform interpretations of
Convention Regulations or IMO Resolutions on those matters
which in the Convention are left to the satisfaction of the Ad-
ministration or vaguely worded.
202 The interpretations will, unless otherwise instructed by
the flag administration, be the basis for the Society’s work
when acting on behalf of a flag administration.
A 300 Statutory Certification
301 The Society undertakes statutory certification on behalf
of flag authorities, including approval, survey and the issuance
of statutory certificates when, and to the extent, the Society has
been authorised to do so by the individual flag administration.
When the Society acts on behalf of a flag administration, the
flag administration’s instructions prevail.
302 The Society may issue Safety Management Certificates
(ISM Code) and International Ship Security Certificates (ISPS
Code) to vessels classed by other IACS societies, when so au-
thorised by the flag administration.
A 400 Service suppliers
401 Where surveyors use the services of service suppliers in
making decisions affecting statutory requirements, the suppli-
ers shall be approved by either:
— the relevant flag administration
— duly authorised organisations acting on behalf of the flag
administration
— an equipment supplier when explicitly described by IMO
conventions, resolutions or circulars, or
— the Society.
B. Applicable Statutory Requirements
B 100 General
101 The Society will perform statutory certification based on
applicable international maritime conventions, codes and reg-
ulations, or supplementary requirements and interpretations
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.1 – Page 5
legislated by the flag administration concerned.
B 200 DNV Statutory Interpretations
201 The DNV Statutory Interpretations are the Society’s in-
terpretations of IMO conventions and codes. The current Stat-
utory Interpretations are found in Sec.2 to Sec.7.
202 The Statutory Interpretations shall be considered as sup-
plementary to requirements specified by the flag administra-
tion in question.
203 In case of conflict between Statutory Interpretations and
those of a flag administration, the latter will generally prevail.
B 300 Application
301 Statutory Interpretations will be applied to DNV classed
vessels for which the Society has been authorised by flag au-
thorities to undertake statutory surveys and to issue related cer-
tificates.
B 400 Amendments and adoption
401 New and amended Statutory Interpretations will come
into force when published.
B 500 IACS Unified Interpretations
501 In addition to the Statutory Interpretations described
herein, the Society has also adopted IACS Unified Interpreta-
tions (IACS UIs).
C. Definitions
C 100 General
101 Builder: Signifies the party contracted to build a vessel
in compliance with the Society’s rules.
102 Certificate: A document confirming compliance with
the Society's rules or with other rules and regulations for which
the Society has been authorized to act.
103 Certification: A service confirming compliance with ap-
plicable requirements on the date that the survey was complet-
ed.
104 Class: Class is assigned to and will be retained by ves-
sels complying with applicable requirements of the Society’s
rules.
105 Classification: A service which comprises the develop-
ment of independent technical standards for vessels - the rules
(see 115), and to verify compliance with the rules throughout
the vessels' life.
106 Condition on behalf of the flag Administration (CA):
Constitutes specific measures, repairs or surveys that shall be
carried out within a specific time limit in order to retain the
statutory certificate.
A CA will be issued only when the Society has been authorised
to carry out statutory surveys on behalf of the flag administra-
tion.
107 Convention vessel: A vessel which due to its tonnage,
usage or dimensions would, if trading in international waters
or on international voyages, fall within the requirements of
any, or any part, of the IMO Conventions.
108 Customer: Signifies the party who has requested the So-
ciety’s service.
109 Flag administration: The maritime administration of a
vessel’s country of registry.
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 6 – Sec.1
110 Guidance notes: Contain advice which is not mandatory
for the assignment or retention of class, but with which the So-
ciety, in light of general experience, advises compliance.
111 IACS: The International Association of Classification
Societies.
112 IACS early warning scheme: A procedure that enables
the IACS members to share and utilise information on serious
vessel failures.
113 IACS member society: A classification society being a
member of IACS.
114 IMO: Signifies the International Maritime Organization.
115 ISO: Signifies the International Organisation for Stand-
ardization.
116 Lay-up: A terminology used for vessels that are out of
commission. In this state the vessel may be at anchorage or
permanently moored in a safe harbour.
117 Manufacturer: Signifies the entity that manufactures the
material or product, or carries out part production that deter-
mines the quality of the material or product, or does the final
assembly of the product.
118 Memorandum to Owner (MO): Constitutes information
related to the vessel, its machinery and equipment or to rule re-
quirements. An MO will be issued in relation to information
that does not require any corrective action or survey.
119 Non-convention vessel: A vessel other than a convention
vessel.
120 Owner: Signifies the registered owner of the vessel or
any other organization or person who has assumed the respon-
sibility for operation of the vessel and who on assuming such
responsibility has agreed to take over all the duties and respon-
sibilities.
121 Plan approval: Signifies a systematic and independent
examination of drawings, design documents and/or records in
order to verify compliance with the rules and/or statutory re-
quirements. Plan approval will be carried out at the discretion
of the Society, which also decides the extent and method of ex-
amination.
122 Plan approval staff: Personnel authorized to carry out
plan approval and to conclude whether or not compliance has
been met.
123 Port state authority: The maritime authority in the coun-
try of the vessel’s port of call.
124 Quality system: Signifies both the quality management
system and established production and control procedures.
125 Reliability: The ability of a component or a system to
perform its required function under given conditions for a giv-
en time interval.
126 Retroactive Requirement (RR): Constitutes a class or
statutory requirement that will enter into force for certain ves-
sels in operation and under construction at a given date or an
upcoming survey. The RR will specify the required actions to
be taken in order to retain class or statutory certification.
RR related to statutory certification will be issued only if the
Society has been authorised to carry out statutory certification
on behalf of the flag administration.
127 Review: Signifies a systematic examination of drawings,
design documents and/or records in order to evaluate their abil-
ity to meet requirements, to identify any problems and to pro-
pose necessary actions.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
128 Statement of compliance: A document confirming com-
pliance with specified requirements. Such documents may be
issued by the Society in cases where it has not been authorized
to certify compliance.
129 Survey: Signifies a systematic and independent exami-
nation of a vessel, materials, components or systems in order
to verify compliance with the rules and/or statutory require-
ments. Surveys will be carried out on the vessel, at the con-
struction or repair site as well as at sub-suppliers and other
locations at the discretion of the Society, which also decides
the extent and method of control.
130 Survey staff: Personnel authorized to carry out surveys
and to conclude whether or not compliance has been met.
131 Verification: A service that signifies a confirmation
through the provision of objective evidence (analysis, observa-
tion, measurement, test, records or other evidence) that speci-
fied requirements have been met.
132 Vessel: In the context of this publication mean either:
— a ship
— a craft, e.g. high speed, light craft
— a barge, e.g. a vessel without sufficient means of self pro-
pulsion for their service area
— a vessel, e.g. naval support vessel, or
— a unit, e.g. mobile offshore unit (MOU).
133 Witnessing: Signifies attending tests or measurements
where the surveyor verifies compliance with agreed test or
measurement procedures.
D. Statutory Certification and vessels classed by
the Society
D 100 General
101 It is assumed by the Society that required statutory cer-
tificates for vessels classed by the Society will be issued by the
Society or by the flag administration itself, with the exceptions
mentioned in 102 to 105.
The Society assumes the right to withdraw class if statutory
certificates are not issued as above.
102 The Society may accept that Safety Management Certificates
(ISM Code) are issued by a third party that has been authorised by the
flag administration and complies with IMO MSC/Circ.1074.
103 The Society may accept that International Ship Security
Certificates (ISPS Code) are issued by a third party that has
been authorised by the flag administration and complies with
IMO Res. A.924 and A.584.
104 The Society may accept that Cargo Ship Safety Radio
Certificates (SOLAS) are issued by a third party that has been
authorised by the flag administration.
105 For a dually classed vessel, where the Society has not
been authorised by the flag administration to issue statutory
certificates, the Society may accept that such certificates are is-
sued by the dual class society and provided the other class so-
ciety is authorised by the flag administration.
106 For vessels having statutory certificates issued by third
parties, except in those cases defined in 102 to 105, the class
may be withdrawn.
 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.2 – Page 7

SECTION 2
SOLAS CH.II-2
INTERPRETATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

A. General this is so indicated with “(DNV)”.

A 100 Application A 200 Submission of documentation

101 This section shall be regarded as the Society’s interpre-
tations of SOLAS Ch.II-2.
102 Each interpretation starts with a reference to the applica-
ble technical requirement of SOLAS or the FSS Code. Follow-
ing the interpretation text, reference is made to the applicable
IACS interpretation. For interpretations made by the Society,
201 Plans and documentation given in Table A1 shall be sub-
mitted for approval.
202 Documentation types listed in Table A1 are defined in
Pt.0 Ch.3 Rules for Classification of Ships and give reference
to specific parts of the rules for the scope of verification.

Table A1 Information elements to be submitted for approval

Preferred plan or Document type, ref. Information elements
document Pt.0 Ch.3 Rules for
Classification of Ships
Structural fire — Details of fire insulation and specification of materials and doors.
G060
protection plan — Application of fire rated divisions for all areas and spaces
— Details of ventilation duct penetrations through fire divisions
Penetration details drawing V060 — Details of cable penetrations through fire divisions
— Details of pipe penetrations through fire divisions
— Fire pumps
S010
Fire main system — Arrangement and construction details of fire main and isolating valves
S030
drawing — Number and positions of hydrants and hoses
Z030 — Fire pump capacity calculations
— Specification and location of all equipment
— Reference to equipment certificates
Arrangement drawings for — Calculations for the quantity of the media used and the proposed rates of applica-
each fixed fire-extinguish- V060 tion
ing system (if relevant) — Release instructions
— Control and monitoring system
— Arrangement of escape routes including stairways, escape trunks and escape lad-
Escape route plan G120 ders
Fire control plan G040 — Showing all fire safety measures onboard
203 For fire safety component and systems the following C. SOLAS Ch.II-2/5 Fire Growth Potential
shall be submitted for approval or review:
C 100 Control of air supply and flammable liquid to the
— copies of the DNV type approval certificates, or space
— fire test reports for the constructions and equipment which
shall be used onboard, or 101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/5.2.1.1
— type approval certificate issued by flag state (including Ventilation inlets and outlets located at outside boundaries
MED as applicable). shall be fitted with closing appliances as required by Reg. II-2/
5.2.1.1 and need not comply with Reg. II-2/9.7.3.1
(IACS UI SC 100)
B. SOLAS Ch.II-2/4 Probability of Ignition 102 SOLAS Ch.II-2/5.2.1.2
B 100 Miscellaneous items of ignition sources and ignit- This applies to all ventilation fans (circulation fans included).
ability
(DNV)
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/4.4.2
This regulation is not intended to preclude the use of containers C 200 Fire protection materials
constructed of combustible materials in galleys, pantries, bars, gar- 201 SOLAS Ch.II-2/5.3
bage handling or storage spaces and incinerator rooms provided
they are intended purely for the carriage of wet waste, glass bottles Regarding non-combustible materials, combustible materials
and metal cans and are suitably marked. (IACS UI SC 166) and surface flame spread, the following applies:

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 8 – Sec.2

1
11

10 18 4 11
18 4
8 6 2

15 3
Accommodation
spaces, service
spaces and control Corridors,
17 stations stairway enclosures

16 2
12
6
9

10 Concealed or 7
5 inaccessible spaces

7 14
13
13 14

Figure 1
Schematic showing components for methods IC, IIC and IIIC - (IACS UI SC 126)

DET NORSKE VERITAS

 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.2 – Page 9

Table C1 Requirements for components, method IC

A B C D E F G
Non- Non- Low flame Equivalent Calorific Smoke Not readily
combustible combustible spread volume value production ignited
material material (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/6) (Reg. II-2/
(Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ 5.3.2.4) 5.3.2) 5.3.2) 4.4.4 and 6)
5.3.1.2.2) 5.3.1.1)
1 Moulding X
2 Panel X
Painted surfaces or Veneer
3 or Fabric or Foils X X X X2)

4 Painted surfaces or Veneer X X X X2)

or Fabric or Foils
5 Decorative panel X
6 Painted surfaces or Veneer X X X2)
or Fabric or Foils
7 Skirting board X
8 Insulation X1)
Surfaces and paints in con-
9 cealed or inaccessible X
spaces
10 Draught stops X
11 Grounds and supports X X
12 Lining X
Primary deck covering
13 first layer X X
14 Floor finishing X3) X
15 Window box X
16 Window box surface X X X X
Window box surface in
17 concealed or inaccessible X
spaces
18 Ceiling panel X
1) Vapour barriers used on pipes for cold services (see UI SC 102) may be of combustible materials providing that their surface has low flame spread char-
acteristics (Reg. II-2/5.3.1.1)
2) Applicable to paints, varnishes and other finishes (Reg. II-2/6.2)
3) Only in corridors and stairway enclosures

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 10 – Sec.2

Table C2 Requirements for components, method IIC and IIIC

A B C D E F G
Non- Non- Low flame Equivalent Calorific Smoke Not readily
combustible combustible spread volume value production ignited
material material (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/6) (Reg. II-2/
(Reg. II-2/ (Reg. II-2/ 5.3.2.4) 5.3.2) 5.3.2) 4.4.4 and 6)
5.3.1.2.2) 5.3.1.1)
1 Moulding X3)
2 Panel X4)
3 Painted surfaces or X X X X5)
Veneer or Fabric or Foils
4 Painted surfaces or X X3) X2) X5)
Veneer or Fabric or Foils
5 Decorative panel X3)
6 Painted surfaces or X3) X2) X5)
Veneer or Fabric or Foils
7 Skirting board X3)
8 Insulation X1)
Surfaces and paints in
9 concealed or inaccessible X
spaces
10 Draught stops X4)
11 Grounds and supports X4) X
12 Lining X4)
13 Primary deck covering 1st X X
layer
14 Floor finishing X6) X
15 Window box X4)
16 Window box surface X3) X3) X2) X
Window box surface in
17 concealed or inaccessible X
spaces
18 Ceiling panel X4)
1) Vapour barriers used on pipes for cold services (see UI SC 102) may be of combustible materials providing that their surface has low flame spread char-
acteristics (Reg. II-2/5.3.1.1)
2) Where the material is fitted on non-combustible bulkheads, ceiling on lining in accommodation and service spaces (Reg. II-2/5.3.2.2)
3) To be applied to those accommodation and service spaces bounded by non-combustible bulkheads, ceiling and linings (Reg. II-2/5.3.2.3)
4) Only in corridors and stairway enclosures serving accommodation and service spaces and control stations (Reg. II-2/5.3.1.2.2)
5) Applicable to paints, varnishes and other finishes (Reg. II-2/6.2)
6) Only in corridors and stairway enclosures

202 SOLAS Ch.II-2/5.3.1 E. SOLAS Ch.II-2/7 Detection and Alarm

Cold service is understood to mean refrigeration systems, i.e
systems with temperatures below ambient air and sea water. E 100 General requirements
(IACS UI SC102) 101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/7.2
General requirements for control and monitoring, as given in
Concerning the use of asbestos, see Rules for Classification of the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.9 apply, including
Ships Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.2 A200. documentation types to be submitted.
(DNV) (DNV)
Neither combustible nor oil-absorbing materials shall be used
as flooring, bulkhead lining, ceiling or deck in the engine con- E 200 Protection of machinery spaces
trol room, machinery spaces, shaft tunnel or rooms where oil 201 SOLAS Ch.II-2/7.4
tanks are located (see also SOLAS Ch.II-2 Reg. 4.4.3).
This requirement applies to machinery spaces of category A.
(DNV)
(IACS UI SC 129)
E 300 Protection of accommodation and service spaces
and control stations
D. SOLAS Ch.II-2/6 Smoke Generation
Potential and Toxicity 301 SOLAS Ch.II-2/7.5.2
Heat detectors are acceptable in refrigerated chambers and in
D 100 Paints, varnishes and other finishes, primary other spaces where steam and fumes are produced, such as sau-
deck coverings nas and laundries.
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/6.2 and II-2/6.3 (IACS UI SC 130)
Regarding materials properties concerning smoke generation 302 SOLAS Ch.II-2/7.5.5.3
and toxicity, see C201. In the case of vessels built in accordance with Method IIIC, the
(IACS UI SC126) detection system is only relevant to the accommodation block.

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 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.2 – Page 11

Service spaces built away from the accommodation block need (1) Navigation equipment room (radio transmitter). Bat-
not be fitted with a fixed fire detection system. tery rooms. (Requirements for location of the emer-
gency source of electrical power are further given in
(IACS UI SC 160) the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.8 Sec.2
E 400 Requirements of the FSS Code Ch.9 Fixed fire C.)
detection and fire alarm systems (5) Provision chambers shall be treated as store rooms. Re-
frigerated provision chambers are considered as cate-
401 FSS Code Ch.9.2.1.1 gory (5) service spaces if thermally insulated with non-
When it is intended that a particular section or detector shall be combustible materials.
temporarily switched off, this state shall be clearly indicated. (7) Electrical equipment rooms (auto telephone exchange,
Reactivation of the section or detector shall be performed au- air conditioning duct spaces).
tomatically after a preset time. (9) Provision chambers shall be treated as store rooms. Re-
frigerated provision chambers are considered as cate-
(DNV) gory (9) service spaces if thermally insulated with
402 FSS Code Ch.9.2.1.4 and 9.2.4.3.2 combustible materials.
The requirement that a system be so arranged that a loop can- (IACS UI SC45)
not be damaged at more than one point by a fire, is considered
satisfied by arranging the loop such that the data highway will 102 SOLAS Ch.II-2/Table 9.5
not pass through a space covered by a detector more than once. The required division of steel between control stations and
The requirement that a system be so arranged to ensure that open decks may in the case of an emergency generator be pro-
any fault occurring in the loop will not render the whole loop vided with openings for intake of combustion air to the diesel
ineffective, is considered satisfied when a fault occurring in engine and for intake of cooling air in the case of an air cooled
the loop only renders ineffective a part of the loop not being diesel engine. These openings need not be fitted with means
larger than a section of a system without means of remotely for closure for fire integrity purposes, unless a fixed gas fire
identifying each detector. fighting system for the emergency generator space is fitted.
(IACS UI SC117) (IACS UI SC66)
403 FSS Code Ch.9.2.2 Footnote d):
The main (respective emergency) feeder shall run from the A galley next to a provision room requires an “A-0” bulkhead.
main (respective emergency) switchboard to the change-over (DNV)
switch without passing through any other distributing switch-
board. 103 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.2.3.4.1
(IACS UI SC35) Dumb waiters shall be regarded as lifts.
404 FSS Code Ch.9.2.3.1 (IACS UI SC46)
When fire detectors are provided with the means to adjust their 104 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.2.4.2.5
sensitivity, necessary arrangements shall be ensured to fix and
identify the set point. For the portions which face the cargo area, the A 60 standard
insulation shall be provided up to the underside of the deck of
(DNV) the navigation bridge.
405 FSS Code Ch.9.2.4.1.1 and 9.2.5.1.1 (IACS UI SC174)
Section: Group of fire detectors and manually operated call G 200 Protection of openings in fire-resisting divisions
points as reported in the indicating unit(s).
Loop: Electrical circuit linking detectors of various sections 201 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.4.2
and connected to the control panel. Balancing openings or ducts between two enclosed spaces are
(IACS UI SC115) prohibited except for openings as permitted by Reg. 9.4.2.
(IACS UI SC 119)
202 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.4.2.3
F. SOLAS Ch.II-2/8 Control of Smoke Spread Ventilation openings may also be permitted in "B" class doors
leading to lavatories, offices, pantries, lockers, store rooms etc.
F 100 Protection of control stations outside machinery
spaces (IACS UI SC67)
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/8.2 203 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.4.2.4
As equally effective means, in case of ventilators these shall be Watertight doors in fire-resisting divisions shall be made of steel.
fitted with steel dampers which shall be easily closed within (DNV)
the control station in order to maintain the absence of smoke in
the event of fire. G 300 Protection of openings in machinery space
(DNV) boundaries
301 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.5
Hatches giving access to the engine room for the transport of goods
G. SOLAS Ch.II-2/9 Containment of Fire shall be weather-tight. Where remote control for closing of the hatch
is not provided, a signboard to the effect that the hatch-cover shall be
G 100 Thermal and structural boundaries closed at all times, except during transfer of goods, shall be posted.
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.2.3.3.2 (DNV)

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 12 – Sec.2
G 400 Ventilation systems
401 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.7.1.1
Flexible bellows of combustible material may be used for con-
necting fans to the ducting in air conditioning room.
(IACS UI SC 99)
402 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.7.1.1
Combustible gaskets in flanged ventilation duct connections
are not permitted within 600 mm of an opening in an A class
or B class division and in ducts required to be of A class con-
struction.
(IACS UI SC 175)
403 SOLAS Ch.II-2/9.7.5.2.1
Grease trap, fire damper, fan shut-off and fixed fire-extin-
guishing are only required when a galley exhaust duct passes
through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combus-
tible materials. The term “spaces containing combustible ma-
terials” will normally apply to all spaces in accommodation.
(IACS UI SC 106)
Fire dampers required by Reg. 9.7.5.2.1 do not need to pass the
fire test in Res. A 754(18), but shall be of steel and capable of
stopping the draught. The requirements for “A” class apply
only to the part of the duct outside of the galley.
(IACS UI SC118)
H. SOLAS Ch.II-2/10 Fire Fighting
H 100 Water supply systems
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.2.1.5.1
When calculating the number of hydrants, the length of the wa-
ter jet shall be taken as maximum 7 m.
(DNV)
102 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.2.2.3.1.2
Unless the two main fire pumps, their sea suctions and the fuel
supply or source of power for each pump are situated within
compartments separated at least by A-0 divisions, so that a fire
in any one compartment will not render both fire pumps inop-
erable, an emergency fire pump shall be fitted. An arrangement
in which one main fire pump is located in a compartment hav-
ing more than one bulkhead or deck adjacent to the compart-
ment containing the other main fire pump shall also require an
emergency fire pump.
(IACS UI SC 162)
The room(s) where the emergency fire pump and prime mover
are installed shall have adequate space for maintenance work
and inspections.
(IACS UR M62)
103 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.2.2.3.1.2
Not only emergency pumps, but also sea water inlet, suction
and delivery pipes with valves etc. shall be outside the com-
partment containing the other fire pumps. Only short lengths of
suction and discharge piping may, however, under certain cir-
cumstances penetrate the machinery spaces if enclosed in sub-
stantial steel casing (Reg. II-2/10.2.1.4.1).
The sea-chest with valve and the main part of the suction pip-
ing shall be, in general, outside the machinery spaces. If this ar-
rangement cannot be made, the sea chest may be fitted in the
machinery spaces on the condition that the valve is remotely
controlled from a position near the pump, in the same compart-
ment, and the suction pipe is as short as practicable.
In lieu of the steel casing the pipe may be insulated equivalent
to class A-60 standard. The pipe shall have substantial wall
DET NORSKE VERITAS
thickness and in no case less than 11 mm and shall be all weld-
ed except for flanged connection to the sea inlet valve.
(IACS UI SC 19)
104 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.2.2.3.2.2
The electrical cables to the emergency fire pump shall not pass
through the machinery spaces containing the main fire pumps
and their source(s) of power and prime mover(s). They shall be
of a fire resistant type where they pass through other high fire
risk areas.
(IACS UI SC 165)
Guidance note:
See Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.8 Sec.2 for require-
ments for cables to remain operable during a fire condition.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
105 FSS Code Ch.12.2.2.1.1
If the emergency fire pump is the main supply of water for any
fixed fire-extinguishing system provided to protect the space
where the main fire pumps are located, the pump shall have the
capacity for this system and, in addition, the capacity required
by SOLAS Ch.II-2/4.3.3.2 and II-2/4.3.3.2.1.
(IACS UI SC 163)
106 FSS Ch.12.2.2.1.3
Where necessary to ensure priming, the emergency fire pump
shall be of the self priming type.
(IACS UI SC 164)
It shall be demonstrated by calculation that this paragraph is
satisfied at:
— the lightest seagoing condition, with account being taken
of 22.5° roll and 10° pitch1)
— a loading condition without cargo or ballast water, with
10% stores and fuel remaining, roll and pitch not being
taken into account.
Upon completion of the emergency fire pump installation, a
performance test confirming the capacity required in the FSS
Code, Ch.12, 2.2.1.1 and 105 shall be carried out. As far as
practicable, the test shall be carried out at lightest seagoing
draught at the suction position.
1) Where the length of the vessel exceeds 100 m, the pitch may be taken as
500/L degrees where L = length of the vessel, in metres, as defined in
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.1.
(DNV)
H 200 Portable fire extinguishers
201 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.3.2.1
In vessels of less than 1000 gross tonnage, at least three porta-
ble fire extinguishers shall be provided.
(DNV)
202 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.5
50 kg dry powder or 45 kg CO2 is considered as equivalent to
135 l foam liquid.
25 kg dry powder or 20 kg CO2 is considered as equivalent to
45 l foam liquid.
(DNV)
203 FSS Code Ch.4.3
The fire-extinguishing medium in the extinguishers shall be
suitable for the potential fire hazards in the protected spaces.
(DNV)
H 300 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems
301 On completion, the system shall be function tested. De-
 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.2 – Page 13

tailed requirement for high pressure CO2 systems and high-
expansion foam system can be found in Sec.3 and Sec.4.
(SOLAS Ch. II-2/10.4)
302 SOLAS Ch. II-2/10.4.1
— For specific interpretations and clarifications for fixed gas
fire-extinguishing systems see Sec.3.
— For specific interpretations and clarifications for fixed
high-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems and
equivalent systems (inside air foam) see Sec.4.
J. SOLAS Ch.II-2/12 Notification of Crew and
Passengers
J 100 General requirements
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/12
Requirements for internal communication, as given in the
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.3 Se.10 apply.
(DNV)
102 Reference is also given to SOLAS Ch.III/6.4.2 and 6.5.

H 400 Fire-extinguishing arrangements in machinery

spaces
K. SOLAS Ch.II-2/13 Means of Escape
401 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.5.6
Any installation of nozzles on board shall reflect the arrange- K 100 Means of escape from control stations, accommo-
ment successfully tested in accordance with MSC/Circ. 913. If dation spaces and service spaces
a specific arrangement of the nozzles is foreseen on board, de- 101 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.3.3.1
viating from the one tested as per MSC/circ. 913, it can be ac- Restricted space or group of spaces in the accommodation:
cepted provided such arrangement additionally passes fire tests
based on the scenarios of this circular. A Restricted space in the accommodation is understood as a
normally employed space within an other space, e.g. a smok-
The automatic release shall be activated by a detection system er's room at the back of a dining area. For such group of spaces
capable of reliably identifying the local zones. Consideration minimum two escape routes are required, see figure 2. Equiv-
shall be given to prevent accidental release. alent arrangements will be considered.
Oil fired equipment, such as inert gas generators and thermal
oil heaters shall also be protected by this system, if located in
machinery spaces above 500 m3.
Boiler fronts shall be interpreted as the boiler burner location
irrespective of the boiler design.
Grouped visual and audible alarms, as well as indication of the
activated zone, shall be provided in each protected space, in the Dining room
engine control room and in the wheelhouse.
(IACS UI SC176) Smoking room
H 500 Fire-extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces
501 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.7.1.3
Ships of less than 2 000 gross tonnage carrying petroleum
products having a flash point exceeding 60°C (closed cup test) Figure 2
are not required to be fitted with a fixed fire-extinguishing sys- Minimum two escape routes required
tem.
(IACS UI SC48)
Storage spaces and similar spaces entered only occasionally
502 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.7.2 are in this context not considered to be normally employed. For
This only applies to ships above 500 gross tonnage engaged in such group of spaces minimum one escape route is required,
the carriage of dangerous goods. see figure 3.
(IACS UI SC49)
503 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.8 and FSS Code Ch.14.2.3.2.3
Port and starboard monitors required by this regulation may be
located in the cargo area as defined in Reg. II-2/3.6, provided
they are aft of cargo tanks and that they protect below and aft
of each other.
(IACS UI SC169) Dining room

H 600 Fire-fighter’s outfits

Storage space
601 SOLAS Ch.II-2/10.10.3
Spare charges for breathing apparatus shall be stored in the
same location as the breathing apparatus.
(DNV) Figure 3
Minimum one escape route required

I. SOLAS Ch.II-2/11 Structural Integrity Cabins consisting of more than one space need also not be pro-
vided with more than one escape route.
Void (DNV)

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 14 – Sec.2

102 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.3.3.2
The term "lowest open deck" shall be understood as the lowest
fire category 10 area (SOLAS Ch. II-2, Reg. 9.2.3.3.2). This
applies regardless of position of accommodation and position
of this open deck (forward / aft). Areas of open deck of insig-
nificant area (mooring stations, etc.) can be disregarded.
(DNV)
103 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.3.3.3 and .4
For spaces above the lowest open deck, DNV may on a case by
case basis accept trunk or ladders to deck above as means of
escape from corridors that otherwise would be considered dead
end corridors. This is, however, only accepted if two other
means of escape according to SOLAS Reg. II-2/13.3.3.3 is ar-
ranged from one end of such corridor. A window is however
not accepted in this regard.
(DNV)
104 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.3.3.4
A dead end corridor is defined as a corridor or part of a corridor
from which there is only one escape route.
(DNV)
K 200 Means of escape from machinery spaces
201 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.4.2.1
Two means of escape is only required from the lowest part of
the engine room, not from each level.
Guidance note:
Where the lower part of the engine room is a space with a height
lower than 2.3 m (standard deck height for L > 125), the two
means of escape may apply to the first deck with standard deck
height. The two means of escape do not apply to spaces below the
machinery floor plating, regardless of height.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
(DNV)
202 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.4.2.3
For machinery spaces other than those of category A, a single
escape route can be accepted if the space is entered only occa-
sionally or if the travel distance from main working and oper-
ating positions to door is 5 meters or less.
(DNV)
K 300 Means of escape from ro-ro spaces
301 SOLAS Ch. II-2/13.6
The fore and aft end of the ro-ro space is considered as the area
being within the distance equal to the breadth (b) of the cargo
space from the most forward and aftermost point of the cargo
space, see figure 4.
K 400 Emergency Escape Breathing Devices (EEBD)
401 SOLAS Ch.II-2/13.3.4
The minimum number of EEBDs to be kept within accommo-
dation spaces shall be as follows:
— for cargo ships: two (2) EEBDs and one (1) spare EEBD;
— for passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers:
two (2) EEBDs for each main vertical zone, except those
defined in the regulation 13.3.4.5, and a total of two (2)
spare EEBDs; and
— for passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers:
four (4) EEBDs for each main vertical zone, except those
defined in the regulation 13.3.4.5, and a total of two (2)
spare EEBDs.
402 SOLAS Ch.II-2/13.4.3
1) This interpretation applies to machinery spaces where
crew are normally employed or may be present on a rou-
tine basis.
2) In machinery spaces for category A containing internal
combustion machinery used for main propulsion, EEBDs
shall be positioned as follows:
— one (1) EEBD in the engine control room, if located
within the machinery space;
— one (1) EEBD in workshop areas. If there is, however,
a direct access to an escape way from the workshop,
an EEBD is not required; and
— one (1) EEBD on each deck or platform level near the
escape ladder constituting the second means of escape
from the machinery space (the other means being an
enclosed escape trunk or watertight door at the lower
level of the space).
Alternatively, different number or location may be deter-
mined by the Society taking into consideration the layout
and dimensions or the normal manning of the space.
3) For machinery spaces of category A other than those con-
taining internal combustion machinery used for main pro-
pulsion, one (1) EEBD shall, as a minimum, be provided
on each deck or platform level near the escape ladder con-
stituting the second means of escape from the space (the
other means being an enclosed escape trunk or watertight
door at the lower level of the space).
4) For other machinery spaces, the number and location of
EEBDs are to be determined by the Society.
(DNV)
L. SOLAS Ch.II-2/14 Operational Readiness
and Maintenance
Void

M. SOLAS Ch.II-2/15 Instructions, Onboard

Training and Drills
Void

Figure 4
Fore and aft end of ro-ro space
N. SOLAS Ch.II-2/16 Operations
(DNV) Void

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 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.2 – Page 15

O. SOLAS Ch.II-2/17 Alternative Design and The requirements to indicate any loss of ventilation capacity is
Arrangements considered complied with by an alarm on the bridge, initiated
by fall-out of starter relay of fan motor.
Void (IACS UI SC 75)
102 SOLAS Ch.II-2/20.3.2

P. SOLAS Ch.II-2/18 Helicopter Facilities
P 100 Helicopter refuelling and hangar facilities
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/18.7.11
Where a water spray system is installed as the fire-extinguish-
ing system in a hangar, the arrangement shall be in accordance
with the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt. 6 Ch.1 Sec.2
G609.
A section of fire detectors covering a helicopter hangar, shall
not include fire detectors or manual call points covering ma-
chinery spaces of category A.
(DNV)
Q. SOLAS Ch.II-2/19 Carriage of Dangerous
Goods
Q 100 General
101 Requirements are included in the Rules for Classifica-
tion of Ships Pt.5 Ch.11.
R. SOLAS Ch.II-2/20 Protection of Vehicle,
Special Category and Ro-Ro Spaces
R 100 Precaution against ignition of flammable vapours
in closed vehicle spaces, closed ro-ro spaces and special
category spaces
101 SOLAS Ch.II-2/20.3.1.3
All electrical circuits terminating in the cargo holds, that are
not of certified safe type suitable for zone 1, shall be provided
with multipole linked isolating switches situated outside the
cargo holds, and accessible only to authorized personnel. Pro-
vision shall be made for isolation, and for locking in the off po-
sition, of the means of control of such circuits. Emergency
consumers are not allowed to be disconnected.
If electrical circuits of the gas detection system are located in
the cargo hold, the system shall be of the certified safe type
(see Ch.8).
“No smoking” notices shall be posted in way of all accesses to
these compartments.
(DNV)
103 SOLAS Ch.II-2/20.3.2.1
The electrical equipment shall be of certified safe type suitable
for use in Zone 1 as defined in IEC 79 (Gas Group II A and
Temperature class T3).
(IACS UI SC 43)
104 SOLAS Ch.II-2/20.3.2.2
The enclosure for electrical equipment shall be at least of type
IP 55
(IACS UI SC 42)
105 SOLAS Ch.II-2/20.3.3
The electrical equipment shall be of certified safe type suitable
for use in Zone 1 as defined in IEC 79 (Gas Group II A and
Temperature class T3).
(IACS UI SC 43)

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 16 – Sec.3
SECTION 3
SOLAS CH.II-2 AND THE FSS CODE
FIXED GAS FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
A. General
A 100 Application
101 This section shall be regarded as the Society’s interpre-
tations to the SOLAS Ch. II-2, Reg.10.4 and FSS Code Ch.5.
The section shall be considered additional to the requirements
of SOLAS Ch.II-2 and the FSS Code.
102 Where considered relevant, the interpretation starts with
a reference to the applicable requirement SOLAS or the FSS
Code. Where the interpretation is made by IACS, this is indi-
cated after the interpretation.
B. Requirements for all Gas Fire-extinguishing
Systems
B 100 General requirements
101 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.1.1.3
Arrangement of bottles shall be such as to provide access for
the necessary checking of fire-extinguishing medium in the
containers.
102 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.1.1.4
Unless otherwise specified, the maximum ambient tempera-
ture shall be understood as 55°C. Certification of the bottles
shall be carried out according to Rules for Classification of
Ships Pt.4 Ch.7 Sec.1 D as for CO2 bottles.
103 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.1.3.2
For CO2 systems, an automatic time delay unit for the release
of the extinguishing medium shall be fitted. The time delay
unit shall be equipped with an override and signboard describ-
ing emergency bypass operating instructions. In the case of an
electric time delay, a dedicated battery (UPS) may be accepted
as an alternative to the override function.
Equivalent gas systems (systems designed according to IMO
MSC/Circ. 848) need not be provided with a time delay unit
when the protected space has a gas concentration being below
the defined LOAEL level of the agent in question (for this pur-
pose 52% can be applied for inert gas systems).
104 DNV / IMO Code on Alarms and Indicators
The alarm shall be both audible and visual and shall be so lo-
cated as to be audible and visual throughout the protected
space with any machinery operating. The audible alarm should
be distinguished from other alarms by adjustment of sound
pressure or sound patterns. The visual alarm shall be red as per
ISO 2412. Cargo handling spaces (cargo pump room and gas
compressor rooms) need not to be fitted with visual alarm.
Any alarm components installed inside cargo pump room, car-
go compressor rooms, paint lockers, battery room (as applica-
ble) and similar gas hazardous spaces shall be certified safe
according to the hazardous area classification in question.
Alarms shall be pneumatically or electrically operated. If elec-
trically operated, the alarm shall be supplied with power from
the main and emergency source of electrical power. If pneu-
matically operated the alarm shall not be driven by CO2 (nor
any other agent used as fire extinguishing media). The pneu-
matic source shall be available even with a fire in any protected
space. Any stop valve fitted in the air supply line shall be
sealed in open position.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
105 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.1.3.3
Fire-extinguishing media protecting the cargo holds may be
stored in a room located forward the cargo holds, but aft of the
collision bulkhead, provided that both the local manual release
mechanism and remote control(s) for the release of the media
are fitted, and the latter is of robust construction or so protected
as to remain operable in case of fire in the protected spaces.
The remote controls shall be placed in the accommodation area
in order to facilitate their ready accessibility by the crew. The
capability to release different quantities of fire-extinguishing
media into different cargo holds so protected shall be included
in the remote release arrangement.
(IACS UI SC 204)
The requirement for the release controls applies also in the case
where the CO2 room is installed aft of cargo area and accom-
modation is provided forward of cargo area.
(DNV)
106 Warning signs shall be provided outside each entrance
to all spaces protected with a gas fire extinguishing system.
(DNV)
107 IMO FSS Code Ch.5.2.2.1
Protected spaces can be divided into sections when such spaces
are divided by divisions of A0 class and when the spaces have
independent or adequately separated ventilation systems.
Spaces without such divisions and separation shall for the pur-
pose of determining quantity of extinguishing agent be consid-
ered as one section.
(DNV)
108 SOLAS Ch. II-2/10.4.3 / IMO FSS Code Ch.5.2
Small local systems, like for instance extinguishing systems
for galley exhaust ducts, small switchboard rooms and paint
lockers can be exempted from some of the requirements per-
taining to fire extinguishing gas systems. Systems are in this
context considered as small local systems if the total amount of
agent is limited (this may for instance be one small CO2 cylin-
der for a standard galley or six 45 kg CO2 cylinders inside a
large engine room) and there is in general a short distance be-
tween area where the agent is stored, position of release con-
trols and entry to the protected space.
Small local systems can be stored in position that does not
comply with SOLAS Ch. II-2/10.4.3 when the amount of gas
is small compared to the volume of the storage space. The case
where the gas due to an accident is released into the space
where it is stored shall be calculated and the gas concentration
should in general not exceed 8% CO2 or the NOAEL specifi-
cation for the gas in question. Calculations are not required for
cabinets located on open deck. The space shall be provided
with mechanical ventilation if located inside accommodation
while natural ventilation is accepted where the storage space
has direct entrance from open deck. Storage inside corridors
and staircases shall be avoided.
Time delays are not required for small local systems. The re-
quirement for discharge alarm and two release controls can be
waived for small local systems when the system is covering
spaces that are normally unmanned (stores, etc.) and when the
release control is located immediately outside the entrance to
the protected space. Discharge alarm and two release controls
are in any case not required for concealed spaces (ventilation
ducts, scavenge belt, etc.)
Piping though accommodation and service spaces will be con-

sidered in each case for small local systems (see IMO FSS
Code Ch.5.2.1.3).
Special considerations will be made for systems not required
to be fitted by the regulations.
(DNV)
109 Pipes serving gas hazardous spaces such as cargo pump
room or cargo compressor rooms can be routed through other
enclosed spaces (machinery spaces, etc.) if the pipes inside the
enclosed spaces are:
— connected with full penetration butt welds (flanges or
threaded connections are not accepted for this part)
— the pipe penetration(s) into the gas hazardous space is
welded from both sides
— the pipes inside the enclosed spaces are tightness tested at
approximately 7 bar. Flanges shall be provided outside the
enclosed space(s) at locations suitable for testing
For pipes routed though gas hazardous spaces without serving
these, the number of couplings shall be limited and the piping
shall be tightness tested.
(DNV)
C. CO2 Fire-Extinguishing Systems
C 100 General requirements
101 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.2.1.5 B104
With reference to Sec.2 Table A1, calculations according to a
recognised standard (NFPA 12, 2005 edition, ISO 6183, 1990
edition or equivalent) shall be performed.
102 FSS Code Ch. 5.2.2.2
Opening of the valves to the pilot cylinders is not regarded as
one separate control. There shall be a release box for each pro-
tected space in which personnel normally work or to which
they have access. The space served shall be identified at the re-
lease box. These requirements apply for all CO2-systems.
The pilot cylinders shall have capacity to operate the system
three times even under unfavourable temperature conditions.
103 The number of nozzles shall be sufficient to provide an
even distribution of CO2 gas throughout the space.
104 In cases where the CO2 room is readily accessible, one
release station may be acceptable. One section valve (”control
valves” as per IMO FSS Code) for each of the protected spaces
shall be fitted to the piping system of the total flooding system.
The operation of those valves shall be controlled from the po-
sition where the CO2 system is released.
This shall be arranged, if possible, by interlocking devices on
the control handles, so that any fault in the sequence of opera-
tion does not prevent the release of CO2 gas. The section valve
shall be manually operable even with maximum CO2 pressure
acting on it.
105 The CO2 bottle valves shall be of a type which makes it
possible to close the bottles after testing the release system
without emptying the CO2 content.
106 Bottles shall not contain more than 45 kg of CO2 and the
ratio of charge shall not exceed 0.67 kg/litre. The company
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.3 – Page 17
charging the bottles shall issue a certificate for the ratio of
charge. Bottles of sizes up to 53.3 kg (80 litre) may be ap-
proved case by case based on satisfactory handling arrange-
ments. All bottles shall be of the same size. Each CO2 bottle
shall be delivered with DNV product certificate according to
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.7 Sec.1.
107 The connection between the bottle-valve and the mani-
fold for the CO2 battery is normally to be flexible high pressure
hose of approved type. Other types of connections which are
considered equivalent (stainless steel tubes) may be accepted.
108 Non-return valves shall be fitted between the separate
bottles and the manifold, in order that a bottle, if necessary, can
be disconnected from the battery without putting the whole in-
stallation out of action. The non-return valve shall be fitted to
the manifold. If the non-return valve is fitted in the upper por-
tion of the bottle valve, a notice shall be posted, which clearly
to the manifold, even if the appropriate bottle has been tempo-
rarily removed.
109 The maximum design pressure for the CO2 bottles and
bottle valves shall be 190 bar. All other components, including
couplings and flanges, in the high pressure side of the system
(upstream of section valve) shall be designed to a pressure of
minimum 100 bar (PN 100), whereas all components down-
stream of section valve shall have a pressure rating of mini-
mum 40 bar (PN40). Minor deviations (+/- 10%) can be
accepted when other recognised standards are applied.
Couplings, welded joints and flanges shall be designed and
tested in compliance with Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4
Ch.6. In addition to these requirements restrictions will apply
to welded and threaded joints as socket and slip-on sleeve
welded joints are only accepted downstream of the section
valve (the open ended side) whereas threaded joints are only
accepted for pipes located inside the protected spaces (all di-
mensions) and pipes with external diameter below 20 mm
(both upstream and downstream of the section valve).
(IACS UR P2 / DNV).
110 The CO2 manifold (piping connecting the CO2 cylinders
to the section valves) shall be made of steel, or equivalent ma-
terial, with the wall thickness of which shall be at least as given
in Table C1. The CO2 manifold shall comply with the require-
ments specified in Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.2 Ch.1
or other recognised standard (DIN 2448, ISO 9329 part 1 and
2, ISO 9330 part 1 and 2), and shall be certified by the Society.
111 In piping sections where valve arrangements introduce
sections of closed piping, such sections shall be fitted with a
pressure relief valve and the outlet of the valve shall be led to
open deck.
112 All discharge piping, fittings and nozzles in the protect-
ed spaces shall be constructed of materials having a melting
temperature which exceeds 925°C. The piping and associated
equipment shall be adequately supported.
113 The section valves shall be of steel or equivalent materi-
al and shall comply with PN 100 (nominal pressure). Valves
above 31 mm (1¼ inch) shall be of flanged type.
114 The wall thickness of CO2 pipes fitted between valves
and nozzles is at least to comply with Table C1. Fittings used
to join this part of the CO2 pipes may be of malleable cast iron
or nodular cast iron.
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 18 – Sec.3

Table C1 Minimum wall thickness for steel pipes for fire- erly clamped and, where necessary, protected against external
damage. The number of joints shall be kept to a minimum and
extinguishing CO2 pipes
all joints shall be of welded or flanged design.
External diameter D From CO2 bottles to From valves to
(mm) valves (mm) nozzles (mm) C 300 CO2 high pressure fire-extinguishing systems for
21.3 – 26.9 3.2 2.6 machinery spaces, cargo handling spaces and ro-ro spaces
30.0 – 48.3 4.0 3.2 301 The diameter of CO2 pipes shall be based on the quantity
51.0 – 60.3 4.5 3.6 of CO2 they are intended to carry. The maximum quantity of
63.5 – 76.1 5.0 3.6 CO2 which may be carried through any pipeline is given in Ta-
82.5 – 88.9 5.6 4.0 ble C2. The total sectional area of the nozzles in protected
space shall not be greater than 85% or less than 50% of the to-
101.6 6.3 4.0
tal sectional area of the CO2 bottle valves intended for the re-
108.0 – 114.3 7.1 4.5 spective rooms. Deviations from the requirements for pipe
127.0 8.0 4.5 diameters and section area of nozzles table may be accepted
133.0 – 139.7 8.0 5.0 when documented by calculations.
152.4 – 168.3 8.8 5.6 302 The following CO2 gas concentration should be provid-
Remarks to the table: ed for cargo spaces and cargo handling spaces (calculated at
the entire gross volume):
1) The external diameter and thicknesses are in accordance with ISO Rec-
ommendations R 336 for welded and seamless steel pipes. For pipes
covered by other standards, thickness slightly less may be accepted.
— 35% for cargo pump rooms in oil carriers (SOLAS Ch.
II-2, Reg.10.9)
2) The minimum wall thickness for larger diameters will be subject to spe-
cial consideration. — 45% for cargo pump rooms in chemicals carriers (IBC
Code)
3) In general, the minimum wall thickness is the nominal wall thickness,
and no allowance need be made for negative tolerance and reduction in — 45% for ro-ro spaces (SOLAS Ch. II-2, Reg.20.6)
thickness due to bending. — 45% for cargo compressor and cargo pump rooms on liq-
4) The minimum wall thickness for threaded pipes shall be measured at uefied gas carriers (IGC Code).
the bottom of the thread.
Table C2 Maximum quantity of CO2 which may be carried
115 The portion of the piping fitted outside the protected
space shall be protected externally and internally against cor- through any pipeline
rosion. Maximum quantity of CO2 Internal diameter of pipeline
(kg) (mm)
116 In order to reduce the pipe resistance, the pipes shall be 45 13
laid as straight as possible and to follow the shortest way to the
nozzles. Connecting pieces shall not be fitted in such a way 100 19
that the pipe threads are exposed to corrosion. All pipes intend- 135 25
ed to carry CO2 shall be free from debris, rust and scale. 275 32
117 The CO2 piping system shall have a blowing-through 450 38
connection for drying, ventilation and checking purposes. A 1 100 50
gauge shall be fitted to the CO2 manifold. 2 000 76
118 Regarding manufacture, workmanship, inspection and 3 250 89
testing of pipes, see Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.6 4 750 101
Sec.7. For CO2-manifolds the hydrostatic test pressure may be 6 800 114
accepted as 1.25 times design pressure. 9 500 127
119 The CO2 manifold shall be hydrostatically pressure test- 15 250 152
ed to at least 1.25 times the relief valve setting, or minimum 125
bar prior to installation. The set pressure for the relief valve 303 Approximately 90% of the total quantity of CO2 for en-
shall in any case be minimum 100 bar. After installation, the gine room shall be discharged above, and approximately 10%
CO2 manifold with all associated components including any re- below the floor. Special considerations will be made for spaces
lease line incorporated in the system shall be pressure tested to of limited volume (typically below 500 m3).
at least 50 bar. All piping from section valves to nozzles shall
be tightness tested and inspected with a blow through test.
120 A function test of the system shall be carried out to verify D. Low Pressure CO2 Systems
correct operating of release controls and alarms. The part of the
gas distribution piping that runs through accommodation spac-
es shall be designed and tested in accordance with IMO FSS D 100 General
Code Ch. 5.2.1.3.1. All other piping shall be tested to ensure 101 Where a low pressure CO2 system is fitted to comply
that it is free from obstructions. As far as practicable, the func- with FSS Code Ch.5.2.2, the following applies:
tion testing shall be performed in the most realistic manner.
— The system control devices and the refrigerating plants
C 200 Fire-extinguishing systems for cargo holds should be located within the same room where the pres-
sure vessels are stored.
201 The internal diameter of the pipes shall not be less than — The rated amount of liquid carbon dioxide should be
19 mm. Branch pipes leading to the various nozzles may have stored in vessel(s) under the working pressure in the range
an internal diameter of 13 mm. At suitable points, the pipeline of 1.8 to 2.2 N/mm2. The normal liquid charge in the con-
shall have facilities for drainage and cleaning. tainer should be limited to provide sufficient vapour space
202 All CO2 piping shall be led such that they are as visible to allow for expansion of the liquid under the maximum
and accessible. The piping to cargo holds are as far as practi- storage temperatures than can be obtained corresponding
cable to be fitted below the weather deck and shall be laid as to the setting of the pressure relief valves but should not
straight as possible. Branch pipes leading to the various noz- exceed 95% of the volumetric capacity of the container.
zles shall be symmetrically installed. All piping shall be prop- — Provision should be made for:

DET NORSKE VERITAS


— pressure gauge
— high pressure alarm: not more than setting of the relief
valve
— low pressure alarm: not less than 1.8 N/mm2
— branch pipes with stop valves for filling the vessel
— discharge pipes
— liquid CO2 level indicator, fitted on the vessel(s)
— two safety valves.
— The two safety relief valves should be arranged so that ei-
ther valve can be shut off while the other is connected to
the vessel. The setting of the relief valves should not be
less than 1.1 times working pressure. The capacity of each
valve should be such that the vapours generated under fire
condition can be discharged with a pressure rise not more
than 20% above the setting pressure. The discharge from
the safety valves should be led to the open.
— The vessel(s) and outgoing pipes permanently filled with
carbon dioxide should have thermal insulation preventing
the operation of the safety valve in 24 hours after de-ener-
gizing the plant, at ambient temperature of 45°C and an in-
itial pressure equal to the starting pressure of the
refrigeration unit.
— The vessel(s) should be serviced by two automated com-
pletely independent refrigerating units solely intended for
this purpose, each comprising a compressor and the rele-
vant prime mover, evaporator and condenser.
— The refrigerating capacity and the automatic control of
each unit should be so as to maintain the required temper-
ature under conditions of continuous operation during 24
hours at sea temperatures up to 32°C and ambient air tem-
peratures up to 45°C.
— Each electric refrigerating unit should be supplied from
the main switchboard busbars by a separate feeder.
— Cooling water supply to the refrigerating plant (where re-
quired) should be provided from at least two circulating
pumps one of which being used as a stand-by. The stand-
by pump may be a pump used for other services so long as
its use for cooling would not interfere with any other es-
sential service of the ship. Cooling water should be taken
from not less than two sea connections, preferably one port
and one starboard.
— Safety relief devices should be provided in each section of
pipe that may be isolated by block valves and in which
there could be a build-up of pressure in excess of the de-
sign pressure of any of the components.
— The piping system should be designed in such a way that
the CO2 pressure at the nozzles should not be less than
1 N/mm2.
— Audible and visual alarms should be given in a central
control station when:
— the pressure in the vessel(s) reaches the low and high
values according to 2
— any one of the refrigerating units fails to operate
— the lowest permissible level of the liquid in the vessels
is reached.
— If the system serves more than one space, means for con-
trol of discharge quantities of CO2 should be provided, e.g.
automatic timer or accurate level indicators located at the
control position(s).
— If a device is provided which automatically regulates the
discharge of the rated quantity of carbon dioxide into the
protected spaces, it should be also possible to regulate the
discharge manually.
(IACS UI SC 170)
102 The alarms required by 101, item 12 should be given in
a continuously manned control station.
103 The refrigerating plant shall comply with the require-
ments given in Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.10 to
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.3 – Page 19
the extent these are applicable.
The refrigerating capacity and the automatic control of each unit
shall be so as to maintain the required temperature under condi-
tions of continuous operation during 24 hours at the sea temper-
ature up to 32°C and ambient air temperature up to 45°C.
In the event of failure of either one of the refrigerating units,
the other shall be actuated automatically. Provision shall be
made for local manual control of the refrigerating plant.
104 The pipes, valves and fittings shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the Society for a design pressure not
less than the design pressure of the CO2 vessels.
D 200 Testing
201 The pipes, valves and fittings and assembled systems
shall be tested to the satisfaction of the Society.
202 In particular, the pipes from the vessel(s) to the release
valves on the distribution manifold shall be submitted to hy-
draulic test at pressure 1.5 times the design pressure.
203 All piping, after having been assembled on board, shall
be tested for tightness and free flow of the CO2.
204 The refrigerating plant, after having been fitted on
board, shall be checked for its proper operation.
205 At judgment of the Society, a discharge test may be re-
quired.
E. Equivalent Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing
Systems
E 100 General requirements
101 Equivalent fixed fire extinguishing system shall comply
with IMO MSC/Circ. 848, as amended in addition to part A
and B of this appendix.
102 Equivalent fixed gas fire extinguishing systems may be
accepted for use in other spaces, like switchboard rooms and
cargo handling spaces. A higher gas concentration will in gen-
eral be required for cargo handling spaces, in particular those
handling methane.
103 For the purpose of calculating the quantity of extinguish-
ing agent and the actual concentration based on net volume (for
NOAEL and LOAEL verification), an ambient temperature for
the protected space of 20 degree C may be applied.
104 Components of the gas extinguishing system shall com-
ply with Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4 Ch.1 to Pt.4
Ch.10 with pressure rating according to design pressure docu-
mented by maker. However, the NFPA 2001 may be applied as
design standard for piping and couplings inside the protected
space.
105 Cylinders (agent containers) shall not contain more than
81 Litre of agent. Larger cylinders may be approved case by
case based on satisfactory handling arrangements. All bottles
shall be of the same size. Each cylinder shall be delivered with
DNV product certificate according to Rules for Classification
of Ships Pt.4 Ch.7 Sec.1.
106 IMO MSC/Circ. 848, 11
Agent containers stored in a protected space shall be distribut-
ed throughout the space with bottles or groups of bottles locat-
ed in at least six separate locations. Duplicate power release
lines shall be arranged to release all bottles simultaneously.
The release lines shall be so arranged that in the event of dam-
age to any power release line, five sixth of the fire extinguish-
ing gas can still be discharged. The bottle valves are
considered to be part of the release lines and a single failure
shall include also failure of the bottle valve.
For systems that need less than six cylinders (using the small-
est bottles available), the total amount of extinguishing gas on
the bottles shall be such that in the event of a single failure to
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 20 – Sec.3

one of the release lines (including bottle valve), five sixth of
the fire extinguishing gas can still be discharged. This may be
achieved by for instance using more extinguishing gas than re-
quired so that if one bottle is not discharging due to a single
fault, the remaining bottles will discharge the minimum five
sixth of the required amount of gas. This can be achieved with
minimum two bottles. However, NOAEL values calculated at
the highest expected engine room temperature are not to be ex-
ceeded when discharging the total amount of extinguishing gas
simultaneously.
Systems that can not comply with the above, for instance sys-
tems using only one bottle located inside the protected space,
can not be accepted. Such systems shall be designed with the
bottle(s) located outside the protected space, in a dedicated
room in compliance with SOLAS Reg.II-2/10.4.3.
(IACS UI SC 200)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 4
SOLAS CH.II-2 AND THE FSS CODE, HIGH EXPANSION AND INSIDE AIR
FOAM SYSTEMS
A. General
A 100 Application
101 Any fixed foam fire-extinguishing system shall comply
with the requirements of IMO FSS Code Ch.6. Systems for
machinery spaces and cargo pump rooms shall also comply
with A100 to A600, whereas systems for ro-ro spaces shall in
addition to the IMO FSS Code comply with A100 to A500 and
A700.
102 Air intakes and sea water intakes shall comply with ap-
plicable requirements for load line. Approvals for foam con-
centrate, foam filling rate and capacity, operation of dampers
and similar are defined by the IMO FSS Code.
103 An operation manual, describing standard release proce-
dures as well as procedures in case of failure of essential com-
ponents shall be available on board. The manual shall also
identify which hatches, dampers and similar devices that are
required to be opened when the system is operating. Release
procedures (standard and failure) shall be listed on signboards
at the release stations.
104 Manuals defining in detail maker’s recommended main-
tenance and test procedures shall be available on board.
105 All systems not complying with IMO FSS Code require-
ments for location and accessibility of foam generators are for
the purpose of these rules defined as inside air foam systems.
These systems can also be approved under these rules on a case
by case basis. Any inside air foam system shall be type ap-
proved by the Society. The foam production rate, total foam
liquid capacity and location of generators are subject to special
considerations, see the system’s type approval certificate.
A 200 Definitions
201 Foam: the extinguishing medium produced when foam
solution passes through a foam generator and is mixed with air.
202 Foam solution (premix): a solution of foam concentrate
and water.
203 Foam concentrate: the liquid which, when mixed with
water in the appropriate concentration forms a foam solution.
204 Foam generators: discharge devices or assemblies
through which foam solution is aerated to form foam that is
discharged directly into the protected space, typically consist-
ing of a nozzle or set of nozzles and a casing. The casing is typ-
ically made of perforated steel / stainless steel plates shaped
into a box that enclose the nozzle(s).
205 Foam inductor: mixing unit which does not need a ded-
icated foam pump in order to mix the foam concentrate into the
water (typically within +30% /-0% of nominal mixing rate).
206 Foam proportioner: mixing unit which need a foam
pump in order to mix the foam concentrate into the water (typ-
ically within +30% /-0% of nominal mixing rate).
A 300 Water and foam concentrate supply systems
301 The water supply pump shall comply with requirements
of Sec.2 H106 for arrangement of pump unless the water is
supplied from a tank with a guaranteed quantity corresponding
to the maximum required foam production. The emergency
fire pump can be used as supply pump provided that 25 m3/h
at required pressure is dedicated for fire hose purposes and thus
not included in the foam production capacity calculations.
302 The foam concentrate shall be stored in a special tank
and fed to the foam generator by a suitable system, which shall
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.4 – Page 21
be permanently adjusted for consumption of seawater or fresh-
water, as applicable. The tank for the foam concentrate shall be
protected against inside corrosion and shall be suitable for stor-
age of the intended foam concentrate. Means of measuring liq-
uid level shall be provided.
303 Pressure gauges shall be fitted at both inlets (water sup-
ply and foam concentrations) and the outlet of the foam pro-
portioner.
304 Piping and components coming into direct contact with
the foam concentrate shall be made of corrosion resistant ma-
terials such as CuNi, stainless steel or marine bronze. Galva-
nised steel or equivalent is accepted for other piping.
305 For testing and drying purposes the piping system shall
be fitted with connection for blowing through with compressed
air.
306 The water supply pumps (regardless of size) and foam
concentrate pumps with capacity exceeding 25 m3 / h (meas-
ured at 10 bar) shall be delivered with DNV product certificate.
Foam concentrate pumps with lower capacity shall be deliv-
ered with certificate issued by the maker (work certificate).
A 400 Foam generating components and foam genera-
tor room
401 The high-expansion foam generating components (noz-
zles, mesh and any fans, etc.) shall be of approved type, based
on a realistic full scale test.
The foam concentrate shall be type approved by the Society in
addition to being mentioned on the type approval certificate for
the high expansion or inside air foam system in question. The
foam proportioner / inductor shall be type approved by the So-
ciety.
The foam concentrate shall in general be supplied through
foam pump(s) and foam proportioner(s). Foam inductors will
only be accepted when it can be documented that the entire
system can work at a wide range of foam concentrate mixing
ratios.
402 All components in the foam generating system shall be
made of corrosion resistant materials such as CuNi or marine
bronze. Stainless steel may be accepted for parts exposed to
foam or seawater only when the system is operating, provided
that a suitable flushing system is installed. The material and
coating (if applicable) of the foam concentrate storage tank
shall comply with the limitation stated in the type approval cer-
tificate issued by the Society and maker's specification for this
particular concentrate.
403 The foam generating nozzles or meshes shall be made of
a durable, non-shrinking material that is rot- and heat-resistant.
These foam nozzles or meshes are also to have as large open-
ings as possible. The nozzles shall be so constructed that they
have the least possible chance of getting clogged.
404 All electrical components in connection with the foam
generating components shall have at least IP54 rating.
405 The foam generator shall be supplied with a special air
intake dimensioned according to the air consumption of the
generator.
406 All foam generators shall be fitted with a damper as
specified by the IMO FSS Code Ch.6, 2.2.2.2. The damper
shall, in addition to protection of the generator, prevent mal-
function of the generator due to updraft of fumes in the distri-
bution ducts from a fire in protected space. A manual release
of the damper is also to be arranged.
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 22 – Sec.4
407 The arrangement of the foam generator shall permit test-
ing of the foam production without leading the expanded foam
to the rooms to be protected, e.g. by providing means that per-
mit foam to pass overboard or to open deck.
For both high expansion and inside air systems two test valves
capable of being connected to fire hoses shall be installed on
the distribution piping downstream the proportioner / inductor.
One valve is for connecting a foam generator in an alternative
location for the purpose of testing satisfactory foam produc-
tion, the other valve shall be used in order to maintain realistic
pressure and flow through the proportioner during testing.
Both valves may be used to direct water to outside the protect-
ed space when function testing the proportioner.
408 The foam generating components shall be so constructed
and assembled that maintenance and replacement of essential
parts can easily be effected. The system shall be so arranged
that nozzles and pipes can easily be rinsed and drained.
409 The foam generating components shall be placed in a
special room, which is separated from all the rooms to be pro-
tected. Safe and readily available access to this foam generator
room and to the water and foam pumps shall be ensured even
in case of fire in any of the protected spaces.
410 The foam generator room shall have a heating system
which can keep the room permanently free from frost and me-
chanical ventilation for overpressure.
411 Bulkheads and decks in the foam generator room that are
contiguous to the rooms to be protected, shall have A-60 rat-
ing.
A 500 System arrangement
501 All components in the foam system shall be permanently
installed and ready for immediate use.
502 The ducts leading from the generators to the rooms that
are protected, shall be made of steel, or equivalent fire resistant
materials. They shall be dimensioned, stiffened and fastened
such that they can withstand the normal mechanical and ther-
mal strain they may be exposed to. Requirements for duct ar-
rangement are given under the subsection for machinery
spaces and cargo pump rooms and the subsection for ro-ro
spaces.
503 The arrangement of the protected spaces shall be such
that any possible overpressure in the space (caused by fire) can
be relieved as the room is being filled with foam.
504 The sources of power supply for the foam generating
components, including water and foam pumps, etc. shall be
supplied independently of any machinery or electrical installa-
tions located in the rooms to be protected.
505 Failure of single components, except emergency gener-
ator, water and foam pumps and piping, shall not prevent op-
eration of the system. All valves shall be accessible and of a
type that can be operated also manually (directly on stem or
equivalent). Dampers need not to be readily accessible if the
control arrangement is of a robust design (dedicated accumu-
lators needed for pneumatic systems) and several independent
dampers and foam generators serve that space. A space shall
normally not be served by only one generator. All components
shall be able to operate even in case the control system fails.
506 The system shall be designed to produce foam at re-
quired rate within 1 minute from release (time to start emer-
gency generator need not to be included in the 1 minute test).
507 The system may be divided into sections that may be re-
leased in sequence. The capacity and design of the entire sys-
tem shall be based on the protected space demanding the
greatest volume of foam. Two protected spaces need not to be
served simultaneously when the boundaries between these
spaces are of A-class standard.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
A 600 Arrangement for machinery spaces and cargo
pump rooms
601 The high expansion foam shall be distributed to the re-
spective rooms by means of ducts. The ducts shall be dimen-
sioned according to the size of the foam generator's outlet, and
shall be so located that an even distribution of foam is obtained
throughout the room to be protected.
As a minimum, the ducts shall for the main engine rooms be
led to the lower part of the casing and shall provide unobstruct-
ed access to the main and auxiliary engines from the duct out-
let. Adjacent spaces being fully or partially separated from the
engine room (workshop, separator room, etc.) shall have sepa-
rate ducts.
602 A one meter per minute discharge rate is defined by the
IMO FSS Code. This shall be calculated with respect to maxi-
mum horizontal area of the room, without reduction for en-
gines, boilers, loose tanks, etc.
603 The foam production capacity is also to be sufficient to
fill the whole room (entire volume enclosed by A-class bound-
aries) to the level of the main deck in the course of maximum
10 minutes.
604 The system shall also cover the lower part of the casing
and in all cases the highest risk object in casing (for instance
boiler).
605 Where a cargo pump room is covered by a foam system,
the foam concentrate shall be approved for use with the cargo
being carried
A 700 Arrangement for ro-ro spaces
701 The high expansion foam shall be distributed to the re-
spective rooms by means of ducts. The ducts shall be dimen-
sioned according to the size of the foam generator's outlet, and
shall be so located that an even distribution of foam is obtained
throughout the room to be protected.
702 The layout shall take into consideration obstructions that
can be expected when cargo are on board. As a minimum, duct
shall be led to every second deck, including movable decks.
The horizontal spacing of ducts shall ensure rapid supply of
foam to all parts of the protected space. This will be considered
case by case based on any full scale test undertaken by the
manufacturer.
703 The foam production capacity shall be sufficient to fill
the whole room (entire volume enclosed by A-class bounda-
ries) in the course of maximum 10 minutes.
A 800 Testing of high expansion and inside air system
801 The pipes, valves and fittings and assembled systems
shall be tested to the satisfaction of the Society.
802 All distribution piping shall be blown through with air to
ensure that the piping is free from obstructions
803 Function testing of the foam proportioner / inductor
shall be performed. The mixing ratio shall be measured and be
within the nominal mixing ratio defined by the type approval
certificates (typically +30% /-0%). For foam proportioners us-
ing foam concentrates of Newtonian type with kinematic vis-
cosity equal to or less than 100cSt @ 0°C and density equal to
or less than 1.1 kg/dm3 this test can be performed with water
instead of foam concentrate. In case of non-Newtonian foam
concentrates and concentrates with kinematic viscosity ex-
ceeding 100 cSt. @ 0°C or density above 1.1 kg/dm3 the func-
tion test shall be performed with the actual foam concentrate.
All foam inductors shall be function tested with the actual
foam concentrate, regardless of foam type.
804 Function testing of at least one foam generator using
foam concentrate mixed to water or seawater shall be per-
formed. The system's ability to produce foam of acceptable
quality shall be verified in the most realistic manner being
practicable. This test can be done either inside the protected
 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.4 – Page 23

space or by moving one of the generators to an alternative lo-
cation (e.g. open deck). The test flow should be higher than the
minimum accepted flow for the foam proportioner / inductor.
Test valves as required by A307 may be used. This require-
ment may only be waived when an exception is specifically
stated on the system's type approval certificate issued by the
Society (based on extensive documentation, prototype testing
and measurements on each ship).
805 Function testing of the power and control systems, water
pump(s), foam pumps(s), valves, remote and local releases sta-
tions and alarms shall also be performed.

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 24 – Sec.5
SECTION 5
SOLAS CH.III AND LSA CODE, LIFESAVING ARRANGEMENT
A. General
A 100 Application
101 This section describes how the Society will act with re-
spect to lifesaving appliances and arrangements when the flag
administration has authorised the Society to issue the SOLAS
Safety Certificates for cargo ships above 500 GT and for pas-
senger ships.
102 For non-propelled vessels or cargo ships below 500 GT
IACS Internal Guidelines No.2 or national requirements may
be applied for issuance of safety certificates. For such units, an
MO will be issued identifying the standard applied.
A 200 Scope
201 All requirements in the SOLAS 1974 Ch.III as amended
and Ch.V Reg. 23 as amended are considered as part of the So-
ciety's scope.
202 The requirements in C to F shall be regarded as supple-
mentary to those in A201.
203 Where IACS has issued Unified Interpretations (UI) re-
lating to SOLAS Ch.III or Ch.V Reg. 23 such UI will normally
be regarded as part of the SOLAS Ch.III and Ch.V Reg. 23 and
thereby the Society's scope. A list of relevant IACS documents
is presented in G.
204 When the flag administration has expressed require-
ments in excess of or contradictory to the requirements in
A203 or C to F, the flag administration requirements shall pre-
vail.
205 Where IMO has issued interpretations to SOLAS Ch.III
or Ch.V Reg. 23 in the form of MSC/Circulars, such interpre-
tations will normally be regarded as part of the SOLAS Ch.III
and Ch.V Reg. 23 and thereby the Society's scope.
B. Documentation
B 100 Documentation for approval
101 Drawings according to Rules for Classification of Ships
Pt.0 Ch.3, G050, G160 and G170 shall be submitted for ap-
proval.
C. Passenger ships and cargo ships
C 100 General
101 This section contains:
— DNV Clarifications
— IACS Unified Interpretations in italics.
102 National interpretations from the different flag authori-
ties are not covered.
103 Guidance notes are also used in this section to provide
necessary explanation or information that is not part of a clar-
ification.
104 In the following sub-sections the regulation numbers in
brackets refer to SOLAS or LSA-Code. The requirements list-
ed under each sub-section refer to SOLAS regulations or the
LSA-Code sections.
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C 200 Suez Canal crew
201 Suez Canal crew is considered as transit crew on a do-
mestic voyage, and shall not be included in the total number of
persons on board for which lifesaving appliances are provided.
C 300 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 7)
301 The number of lifejackets for people on watch shall be
minimum 2 in the engine control room and 2 in the wheel-
house.
302 On each side of the ship, there shall be a minimum of
one lifebuoy with an attached line. No lifebuoy light or lifebu-
oy smoke signal shall be attached to this lifebuoy. These life-
buoys may be part of the total amount of life-saving appliances
as described in SOLAS Ch.III, Reg. 22 and 32.
303 The three immersion suits for the rescue boat crew may
be regarded as part of the number of suits provided for the total
number of persons on board for which lifesaving appliances is
provided. This provided that the rescue boat crew are able to
meet the requirement for 5 minutes preparation time including
to pick up the suits from where they are stowed. Immersion
suites in locked cabins are considered not applicable for this
purpose.
304 All immersion suits approved to be worn with approved
lifejacket shall be stowed together with a lifejacket.
Guidance note:
For free-fall lifeboats inflatable lifejackets is strongly recommended.
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305 Warm climates are considered between 30° North and
30° South, or according to MSC/Circ.1046.
C 400 Survival craft muster and embarkation arrange-
ments (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 11)
401 If the embarkation ladders are not installed adjacent to
any non-davit launched liferaft, means shall be provided to en-
sure that the liferaft painter can be easily transferred from the
stowage location to the embarkation position.
402 For passenger vessels, descent units are accepted as re-
placement for embarkation ladders provided that:
a) The number of descent units is the same as for embarka-
tion ladders. Embarkation ladder or descent-unit shall be
provided at each launching station or at every two adjacent
embarkation stations. At least one embarkation ladder
shall be provided on each side of the vessel in addition to
the descent units
b) The descent units are able to reach the waterline from the
deck at a trim of up to 10°, and a list of up to 20° either way
in the lightest seagoing condition.
c) There are openings in the rails (70 - 80 cm wide) to avoid
that persons need to climb over the rail before descending
d) The fixing of the eyebolt is found acceptable by the attend-
ing surveyor.
e) The various components transferring the load e.g. support
arms, hooks, links, shackles, wires etc. shall be made
according to recognised standards, with a minimum safety
factor of at least 6, and are delivered with documentation
for grade of material and testing. The units shall be
stamped with SWL.
f) The support arms have sufficient structural support in the
pillars

g) Adequate onboard testing is carried out in the presence of
attending DNV surveyor and the testing is to his/her satis-
faction
h) One embarkation ladder is provided on each side of the
vessel in addition to the descent units.
403 For liferafts required in SOLAS Ch.III, Reg. 31.4 (dis-
tance to nearest survival craft >100 m) a knotted rope or de-
scent unit is acceptable as ‘other means of embarkation’. A
knotted rope is not acceptable for launching deck above 10 m
in the lightest seagoing condition.
C 500 Stowage of survival craft (SOLAS Ch.III, Regula-
tion 13)
501 On cargo vessels of 80m in length and upwards but less
than 120m in length, the aft part of each davit launched liferaft
shall be minimum 4m forward of the vessel’s propeller. On
cargo vessels of 120m in length and upwards and passenger
vessels of 80m in length and upwards, the aft part of each davit
launched liferaft shall be minimum 6 m forward of the vessel’s
propeller.
502 Liferafts shall not be stowed directly above any embar-
kation station.
C 600 Survival craft launching and recovery arrange-
ments (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 16)
601 The launching arrangement shall be designed so that the
survival craft can be launched without having to be pushed out-
side the deck edge when the vessel is unfavourably heeled 20°.
602 Lifelines for partially enclosed lifeboats shall be of 20
mm to 24 mm diameter good quality manila rope or synthetic
rope of equivalent strength. Property of grip is essential and
care shall be taken to ensure that the ropes are suitable for the
purpose. Grip properties of synthetic rope, if used, shall be
comparable with manila.
C 700 Rescue boat embarkation, launching and recov-
ery arrangements (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 17)
701 The launching arrangement shall be designed so that the
rescue boat can be launched without having to be pushed out-
side the deck edge when the vessel is unfavourably heeled 20°.
702 The aft part of the rescue boat shall be minimum 4m for-
ward of the vessel’s propeller.
703 Securing point shall be provided for the painter neces-
sary to enabling launching of the rescue boats when the vessel
is at 5 knots headway. The location of such securing points
shall be suitable to assure an angle less than 45° between paint-
er and horizontal and to avoid disturbance from bow-wave.
704 When hull shape, painter securing point, davit type and
rescue boat type is identical on sister vessels, documentation of
the testing according to IMO Res.81(70), Part 2, 5.4 may be
based on the first vessel in the series.
705 Foul weather recovery strops shall be dimensioned with
a safety factor of 6 for the weight of fully loaded and equipped
rescue boat.
C 800 Pilot ladder arrangements (SOLAS Ch.V, Regu-
lation 23)
801 ISO-standard 799-1986 for pilot ladders, 5488-1979 for
accommodation ladders and 7364-1983 for accommodation
ladder winches are regarded as relevant standards for pilot lad-
der arrangements.
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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.5 – Page 25
D. Passenger ships (additional requirements)
D 100 Survival craft and rescue boats (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 21)
101 More than four davit launched liferafts assigned to one
davit are in general not acceptable on passenger ships. Howev-
er, if the installation test in IMO Res. MSC.81(70), part 2, item
6.2.6 shows that more than 4 life rafts are possible to launch
within the 30 minutes evacuation time, more rafts are accepta-
ble.
D 200 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 22)
201 Lifebuoys located inside, or at pilot stations shall not be
included in minimum required number nor in the number of
lifebuoys with light.
202 For vessels where lifejackets are stowed in cabins more
than two decks below or above the muster stations, additional
lifejackets shall be provided corresponding to the number of
persons berthed within the most populated main vertical zone
(MVZ). However, if the number of passengers berthed on
decks more than two decks below or above the muster stations
are more than the number within the most populated MVZ,
then additional lifejackets corresponding to this number must
be provided.
D 300 Additional requirements for ro-ro passenger
ships (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 26)
301 In Ro-Ro passenger vessels every fourth life raft shall
contain a Search And Rescue Transponder (SART). That
means, if the vessel has 1-4 rafts, 1 SART is required. If the
vessel has 5-8 rafts, it will require 2 SARTs and further. In this
respect the spare rafts are included.
302 The SART referred to in 301 shall be kept inside the raft
equipment pack.
303 The rafts referred to in 301 shall have fastening device
for the SART including antenna at least 1m above water level.
304 The SART referred to in 301 shall be mounted and serv-
iced by a specialist firm. SARTs in wheel-marked rafts shall
also be wheel-marked.
E. Cargo ships (additional requirements)
E 100 Survival craft and rescue boats (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 31)
101 A liferaft is considered easy side-to-side transferable
only on a single open deck level on a flat surface without ob-
structions. Such liferaft shall have a weight less than 185 kg
and not be certified for more than 25 persons. Transfer via
stairs, doors or a corridor is not considered easy.
102 A davit used for both the rescue boat and the survival
craft is only acceptable if the crew members normally assigned
to the life raft stations demonstrate that:
— the different requirements for the release hooks for the sur-
vival craft and for the rescue boat are met
— the stowage requirements of SOLAS Ch.III, Reg. 13.1.1,
13.1.3, 14.1, 14.3 and 31.1.5 are met
— all survival craft and rescue boat the launching appliance
is intending to serve can be launched by gravity or stored
mechanical power
Guidance note:
The release hook requirement may for instance be met by the use
of two hooks in a triangle suspension.
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103 More than two davit launched liferafts assigned to one
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 26 – Sec.5
davit are not acceptable on cargo vessels. However, if the in-
stallation test in IMO Res. MSC.81(70), part 2, item 6.2.6
shows that more than two life rafts are possible to launch with-
in the 10 minutes evacuation time, more than two rafts are ac-
ceptable.
104 A free-fall lifeboat shall not be accepted as rescue boat.
105 Arrangement according to SOLAS Ch.III, Reg..31.1.3 is
not acceptable for well stimulation vessels.
E 200 Personal life-saving appliances (SOLAS Ch.III,
Regulation 32)
201 The number of immersion suits for people on watch
shall be minimum 2 in the engine control room and 2 in the
wheelhouse.
202 Lifebuoys located inside, or at pilot stations shall not be
included in the minimum required number nor in the number
of lifebuoys with light.
E 300 Survival craft embarkation and launching
arrangements (SOLAS Ch.III, Regulation 33)
301 Securing point shall be provided for the painter neces-
sary to enabling launching of the lifeboats on board vessels
with GT 20 000 and upwards when the vessel is at 5 knots
headway speed. The location of such securing points shall be
suitable to assure an angle less than 45° between painter and
horizontal and to avoid disturbance from bow-wave.
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F. Life-saving appliances and arrangements
requirements
F 100 Free-fall lifeboats (LSA-Code Ch.IV, Regulation
4.7)
101 The free-fall certification height is generally considered
as the height from the still water surface to the lowest point of
the lifeboat in its launched configuration when the vessel is in
its lightest seagoing condition without list or trim. However,
for oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers, item 4.7.3.2
of the LSA Code will apply.
F 200 Launching and embarkation appliances
(LSA-Code Ch.VI)
201 The efficient hand gear for launching appliance for res-
cue boat shall be dimensioned for recovery of the rescue boat
with full complement of persons and equipment.
G. References
G 100 IACS Unified Interpretations (UI)
101 Documents regarding SOLAS Ch.III and V/23 issued by
IACS:
— UI SC 143 Stowage of Marine Evacuation Systems
— UI SC 213 Arrangements for remotely located survival
craft
— UI SC 215 Embarkation ladder
 Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.6 – Page 27

SECTION 6
SOLAS CH.IX - ISM CODE

A. ISM Code Reg. 5.1.5 C. ISM Code Reg. 12.2

A 100 Master’s review C 100 Management review
101 The master’s review of the SMS shall be carried out at 101 Management review shall be carried out at least annual-
least annually and documented. ly and documented.

B. ISM Code Reg. 12.1 D. ISM Code - Revised Guidelines on

B 100 Annual internal audits
101 Annual internal audits shall be carried out in 3 months +/
- window from the anniversary date set by the company.
implementation of the ISM Code by
Administrations
D 100 Resolution A.913(22) – 3.2
101 The company shall possess a Full Term DOC for the
vessel type, before an initial audit on that vessel type can be
carried out.

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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 28 – Sec.7

SECTION 7
SOLAS CH.XI-2 - MARITIME SECURITY

A. General shall be either type or case approved. Onboard verification

shall not be replaced by an approval or acceptance document,
A 100 Regulation 6 - Ship Security Alert System especially with regard to the subsequent installation and oper-
101 All SSAS (Ship Security Alert System) installations ational performance features of the onboard system.

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SECTION 8
INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF
SHIPS CARRYING LIQUEFIED GASES IN BULK - IGC CODE
A. General
A 100 Application
101 The following interpretation relates to Pt.5 Ch.5 Sec.14,
given as a guidance note under A102.
102 This section shall be regarded as the Society's interpre-
tation of the IGC Code.
103 Each interpretation starts with a reference to applicable
technical requirements of the IGC Code. Following the inter-
pretation text, reference is made to applicable IACS interpre-
tations. For interpretations made by the Society, this is so
indicated with "(DNV)".
B. IGC Code [Chapter 4] - Cargo Containment
B 100 Construction and testing
101 IGC Code 4.10.14.
Examination before and after the first loaded voyage.
The requirements apply to all vessels carrying liquefied natural
gases (LNG) in bulk which have satisfactorily completed gas
trials.
102 Survey requirements at first loading, preferably at the
latter stage:
a) Review cargo logs and alarm reports.
b) Witness satisfactory operation of the following:
— Gas detection system
— Cargo control and monitoring systems such as level
gauging equipment temperature sensors pressure
gauges, cargo pumps and compressors, proper control
of cargo heat exchangers, if operating, etc.
— Nitrogen generating plant or inert gas generator, if op-
erating
— Nitrogen pressure control system for insulation, inter-
barrier, and annular spaces, as applicable
— Cofferdam heating system, if in operation
— Reliquefaction plant, if fitted
— Equipment fitted for the burning of cargo vapours
such as boilers, engines, gas combustion units, etc., if
operating.
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Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Sec.8 – Page 29
c) Examination of on-deck cargo piping systems including
expansion and supporting arrangements.
d) Witness topping off process for cargo tanks including high
level alarms activated during normal loading.
e) Advise master to carry out cold spot examination of the
hull and external insulation during transit voyage to un-
loading port.
103 Survey requirements at first unloading, preferably at the
commencement:
a) Witness emergency shutdown system testing prior to com-
mencement of unloading.
b) Review cargo logs and alarm reports.
c) Witness satisfactory operation of the following:
— Gas detection system
— Cargo control and monitoring systems such as level
gauging equipment, temperature sensors, pressure
gauges, cargo pumps and compressors, proper control
of cargo heat exchangers, if operating, etc.
— Nitrogen generating plant or inert gas generator, if op-
erating
— Nitrogen pressure control system for insulation, inter-
barrier, and annular spaces, as applicable
— On membrane vessels, verify that the readings of the
cofferdam and inner hull temperature sensors are not
below the allowable temperature for the selected
grade of steel. Review previous readings
— Cofferdam heating system, if in operation
— Reliquefaction plant and review of records from pre-
vious voyage
— Equipment fitted for the burning of cargo vapours
such as boilers, engines, gas combustion units, etc., if
operating.
d) Examination of on-deck cargo piping systems including
expansion and supporting arrangements.
e) Obtain written statement from the Master that the cold
spot examination was carried out during the transit voyage
and found satisfactory. Where possible, the surveyor shall
examine selected spaces.
(IACS UI GC 13)
Statutory Interpretations, July 2008
Page 30 – Sec.8

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