Freud's Mind:Three Level of Conciousness

•Conscious
-It is best defined as those things that we are able to see or also called as "mind's
eyes".
-It is a small part of who we are .
-The tip that visible above the surface in Topographic model, whereas the bulk of
the important workings of the mind lurks mysteriously beneath the surface.
•Preconscious
-It is those things that we are aware but we are not paying attention.
-It consist of memories that are not presently conscious but can be easily brought
into consciousness.
-The preconscious mind is the vast storehouse of easily accesible memories.
-The content of the preconscious were once conscious and can be returned in
consciousness when needed.
•Unconscious
-According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and
experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.Thus the
unconscious mind can be seen as the source of dreams and automatic thoughts (those
that appear without any apparent cause),
-It stores the primitive instinctual motives. In addition, the unconscious mind
contains memories and emotions that are so threatening to the conscious mind that
they have been pushed into the unconscious through the process of repression .
-Repression is the unpleasant information is often pushed into unconsciousness
without our being aware of it .
-The content of the unconscious mind are not normally accesible to
consciousness.They can rarely be made fully conscious and then only with great
difficulty.

TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
-Topographic theory was first described by Freud in "The Interpretation of Dreams"
(1900)
-These systems are not anatomical structures of the brain, rather mental processes.
Trait Theory : Describing the Consistencies of Personality
- Trait theories are more concerned with describing traits than explaining their
origins .
- Traits are defines as relatively enduring patterns of behavior that are relatively
consistent across situation.
- The best known trait theory is a classic theory of Gordon Allport and
Contemporary Five-Factor Personality Theory

ALLPORT'S TRAIT THEORY

- Gordon Allport believed that the most important trait are those related to our values
- Allport's believed that trait could be ranked in terms of their importance as cardinal
, central or secondary .
1. Cardinal traits are those dominate a person's life .
2. Central traits is also important that influence and organize much of our
behavior but not to the extent of cardinal trait.
3. Secondary trait are much more specific and much less important to a
comprehensive description of a person's personality.

FIVE-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY

-There is now considerable consesus among the traits theorist that five broad traits
provide a complete description of our personalities (Ashton, Lee . & Goldberg, 2004;
McCrae & Costa, 1987.1999; McCrae & Terraciano, 2005)
- The personality traits have been developed to measure these five traits . The goal is
to use the information thatbthe person taking the test gives to determined whether the
person is high or low in the given trait.
-These five basic personality traits are influenced by both inheritance and our
experiences.
- It is also called as "The five robust factors" or "The big five"
1.Openness to Experience

- It is also sometimes called intellect or imagination.

-Its concerns is people’s willingness to try to new things or intellectual experiences,
their ability to be vulnerable, and their capability to think outside the box or being
open minded .

2.Conscientiousness

- is a trait that can be described as the tendency to control impulses and act in
socially acceptable ways, behaviors that facilitate goal-directed behavior (John &
Srivastava, 1999).
-Conscientious people excel in their ability to delay gratification, work within the
rules, and plan and organize effectively.

3.Extroversion

-This factor has two familiar ends of its spectrum: extroversion and introversion.
- It concerns where an individual draws their energy from and how they interact with
others.
 -In general, extroverts draw energy from or recharge by interacting with others,
while introverts get tired from interacting with others and replenish their energy with
solitude.

4. Agreeableness

-This factor concerns how well people get along with others.
-Extroversion concerns in a sources of energy and the pursuit of interactions with
others, agreeableness concerns one’s orientation to others.
- It is a construct that rests on how an individual generally interacts with others.

5. Neuroticism

-Neuroticism is not a factor of meanness or incompetence, but one of confidence and

being comfortable in one’s own skin.
- It encompasses one’s emotional stability and general temper.

Freud S (1900), The Interpretation of Dreams, IV and V (2nd ed.), Hogarth Press,
1955
Freud S (1915), The Unconscious, XIV (2nd ed.), Hogarth Press, 1955
journalpsyche.org/understanding-the-human-mind/
https://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/drives/
https://www.scribd.com/document/99170598/The-Big-5-Model-of-Personality
Psychology.glencoe.co.
Lahey, B.(2009).Psychology an Introduction.McGrawHill