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Kimia Fisik III, KIM-612304

wasinton.simanjuntak@fmipa.unila.ac.id

MATERI 2. SIFAT CAHAYA BERDASARKAN MEKANIKA KLASIK

Cahaya (light):
1. Light is energy that comes to our eyes
2. Energy (information) that is transferred from place to place in the form of a wave is
called radiation
3. More scientific:
a. Light is a type of radiation, it is a type of wave that travels through space.
Wave (gelombang)?.
“ a specific pattern of movement”
Example:

Basic characteristics of wave:

1. Wavelength (): the distance between successive crests of a wave,
especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
2. Amplitude (A): the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured
from the position of equilibrium.
3. Frequency (f): the rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave,
either in a material (as in sound waves), or in an electromagnetic field (as
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in radio waves and light), usually measured per second (banyaknya

gelombang dalam satuan waktu)
4. Unit : Hertz (Hz)
1 Hz = 1 cycle per second
Example:
103 Hz = kHz (AM radio frequencies)
106 Hz = MHz (FM radio frequencies)

5. Period () : is the distance between two waves passing through a

stationary point, measured in seconds. 1/f

Speed of wave (v) : is the speed at which a wave travels. Wave speed is
related to wavelength, frequency, and period by the equation wave
speed = frequency x wavelength.

Example:
Sound waves travel at speeds of 330 - 350 m/s in air
In water???
Light travels at speed of 300.000 km/sec in vacuum
(speed of light, c)

6. Wave number (ν) : the number of waves in a unit distance (1/λ)

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7. Energy of light (E): The amount of energy in those photons is calculated

by this equation, E = hf or E = hc / λ
Where, h : Planck's constant, which is always 6.63 * 10^-34 Joule
seconds

Blue light has l = 500 nm. What is cycle time and frequency of blue light travels
in a vacuum, if the velocity of light in a vacuum is c.
Cycle time (period):

Frequency :

b. Light is electromagnetic wave radiation : waves that are created as a result of

vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field.
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electromagnetic radiation: is a wave that consist of two components:

- Electric field
- Magnetic field
- not one-dimensional waves.
- composed of mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields with wave
motion at right angles to both fields,
-
Kasifikasi gelombang dan contoh aplikasinya
Jenis gelombang Rentang nilai Contoh aplikasinya
 f
Radio waves >30 cm f<1,0 x 109Hz Radio, TV
Microwave Navigasi, oven, radar
Infrared TV, spectroscopy,
Visible light Spectro uv-vis, lampu
Ultraviolet light Spectro uv-vis
X-rays Rontgen, XRD,
Gamma rays Pengobatan, pengawetan
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XRD diffactogram amorf tidak teratur

XRD diffactogram crystallin : teratur

2 theta = sudut dimana difraksi terjadi
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c. Interaction of light with matter

i. Absorption : is a process by which light is absorbed and converted
into energy.
Application: uv vis
ii. Transmission : is the moving of electromagnetic waves (whether
visible light, radio waves, ultraviolet, etc.) through a material.
Application: SEM ( hasilnya micrograf struktur,bentuk,ukuran
dan distribusi),TEM ( hasilnya ukurannya lebih spesifik)

Micrograf SEM

Micrograf TEM
iii. Scattering ; fenomena perubahan arah dari garis lurus

Application: used to measure nanoparticles size

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Scattering colloid = tyndall effect

d. Basic properties of light (wave) useful in chemistry

i. Polarization

ii. Reflection

iii. Refraction

iv. Diffraction

e. ..
f. ..