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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1:- INTRODUCTION
SL.NO TOPIC NAME PAGE NO.
1.1 OBJECTIVE
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO AMF CONTROL PANEL
1.3 FEATURES OF AMF CONTROL PANEL
1.4 COMPARISION OF EXISTING AND
PROPOSED SYSTEM
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AMF PANEL FOR DG SET
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AMF PANEL FOR DG SET
1
CHAPTER: 1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 OBJECTIVE:
1.2 INTRODUCTION:
The main idea of this project work is to highlight the economical
impact of excessive diesel consumption of Diesel Generators (DGs),
reliability issues, lack of flexibility of operation, inadequate sizing of
DGs, overworking of Diesel Generators (DG) owing to the negligent
attitude of the electricians, improper location of DGs in the electrical
Layouts, operation with load limitation as constraints and in turn
develop an amicable solution to resolve such issues. These critical
problems are addressed in this project by designing an Automatic Mains
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Present day AMF panel uses a resistive sensor in order to measure the
fuel level in D.G set and can also start the DG set immediately when
utility fails. The resistive sensor is simply a wire which is dipped in the
fuel tank. The resistance of the wire changes in accordance to the fuel in
the tank.
The use of resistive sensor can create sparks which can pave the way for
large fire hazards. With the use of a sensor in the smart AMF panel, that
risk is totally eliminated. Industries always appoint a person, who is in
charge with AMF panel room and its control. But in this system, manual
supervision is not needed, since the system is fully automatic. Present
day AMF panel uses a resistive sensor in order to measure the fuel level
in D.G set. The use of remote relay unit can avoid voltage drop, and
gives pulse to start the DG set.
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2
CHAPTER: 2
AMF CONTROL PANEL
COMPONENTS
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AMF RELAY
CONTACTOR
4 POLE MCB
BUZZER
INDICATOR LAMPS
12 VOLT BATTERY
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Auto Mains Failure Relay ( AMF Relay) from is an unique solution for
stand by DG set installations where users need automatic start / stop of
DG sets and changeover of power connections to load from EB supply
to DG supply and vice versa.
The relay, in addition to carrying out the DG start / Stop and power
change over functions, monitors vital engine parameters and ensures
safety of the diesel engine.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
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NC Not Connected\
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B- B+
AMF RELAY
SERACON
There are 6 no’s PBs which helps the user to do the following:
PROG: When this PB is pressed, the unit enters into Program mode -
in this mode the user can alter the time delay and operational settings.
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RESET: When pressed this will cancel an alarm situation. First press
will de-energize the alarm relay and make the flashing alarm LED to
become steady on. Second press will switch of the alarm LED, provided
the alarm condition is removed. If alarm is still present at the time of
reset, the sequence will repeat.
EB-RLY: This acts as a push button and effective only in manual mode
and only if EB supply is present. When pressed, it will switch on EB
contactor if it is off and switch off EB contactor if it is on.
DG RLY: This acts as a push button and effective only in manual mode
and only if DG supply is present. When pressed, it will switch on DG
contactor if it is off and switch off DG contactor if it is on.
DG SET: This acts as a push button and effective only in manual mode.
When pressed, it will start DG set, if it is stopped and if EB supply is
absent. If the DG set is already on, the PB actuation will send stop signal
to the DG set.
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Parameter Programming:
The user can set various parameters listed below with the help of
the front panel PBs.
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CS EB FAILURE 0 = all 3 1
DEFINITION – phases fail
can be set as 0 or 1 1= any one
phase fail
If the EB supply returns, when the DG is running, the relay switches off
the DG contactor, switches on the EB contactor and gives stop signal to
the DG set.
If the DG does not stop after a stop pulse, the relay generates an alarm
signal, indicating that there has been a stop failure.
The relay also monitors the battery voltage and sensor inputs from DG
set (mainly LLOP, HWT, LFL and V-Belt) and shuts down the DG set
under any of these abnormalities. The alarm is in the form of a potential
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Whenever the unit is powered on, it goes into Auto mode by default. If
user wants to change time delay settings or operate the installation
manually, this can be done by the use of the front panel push buttons.
AMFRELAY
AMF RELAY AMF-01
AMF-01
ALARM AUTO
DG STR MANUAL
DG STP EB
HWT DG
LLOP DGR
LFL START
FAIL
EB RLY DG RLY DG SET
V BELT STOP
FAIL
SERACON
SERACON
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If EB power is on :
EB LED will be on
Seven segment (SS) display will show EB
T1 timer delay will start count down on seven segment display.
After T1 count down to Zero, EB relay will switch on EB relay
LED will come on.
All LEDs on the left column will be off
On the right column, LEDs Auto, EB and EBRLY will be on
If EB power fails :
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If DG fails to start :
In case the DG has not started after the start operation as above the
relay will indicate Start Fail
SS display will show ST
Start fail LED will flash
The unit will get locked into this mode and remain in this mode for
ever till reset is done.
EB LED will be on
SS display will show EA
DG relay will go off after 2 sec
T1 timer delay will start count down on seven segment display.
After T1 count down to Zero, EB relay will switch on.
EB relay LED will come on.
SS display will show EB
Timer T5 will start countdown ( this is idle run time)
At the end of T5, DG stop LED relay will be on
Timer T4 will start countdown ( this is the stop pulse on time)
At the end of T4 , DG stop LED relay will go off
Ignition relay will go off
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If DG fails to stop :
In case the DG has not stopped after the stop operation as above
the relay will indicate Stop Fail
SS display will show SP
Stop fail LED will flash
Alarm relay will be on. The unit will get locked into this mode and
remain in this mode for ever till reset is done
If there is a DG fault:
The AMF relay accepts Battery negative signal as fault input, the
relay has provision to read 4 fault signals (HWT, LLOP, LFL and
VBLT).
If any of these signals are present during DG running, the relay
will switch of the DG Set
Alarm Relay will come on.
The respective fault input LED will be steady on.
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To control DG SET:
Press DG SET PB.
If the DG is off, DG start relay will come on.
The DG start relay will be on for the duration of the PB being
pressed. If the PB is released, the DG start Relay will go off.
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2.3 CONTACTORS:
INTRODUCTION TO CONTACTORS
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WORKING OF CONTACTOR
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2.4 MCB:
INTRODUCTION TO MCB
All fuses need to be replaced when they have operated. Unlike a
fuse, an MCB operates as automatic switch that opens in the event of
excessive current flowing through the circuit and once the circuit returns
to normal, it can be reclosed without any manual replacement. MCBs are
used primarily as an alternative to the fuse switch in most of the circuits.
A wide variety of MCBs have been in use nowadays with breaking
capacity of 10KA to 16 KA, in all areas of domestic, commercial and
industrial applications as a reliable means of protection.
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such as switches surges and motor starting currents. Generally, these are
designed to operate at less than 2.5 milliseconds during short circuit
faults and 2 seconds to 2 minutes in case of overloads. A typical
external appearance of an MCB is shown in figure. MCBs are
manufactured in different pole versions such as single, double,
triple and four pole structures with different fault current levels.
These are rated at 220V for DC supply and 240/415 for AC supply with
different short circuit current capacity. Typically, single phase devices
have load current range of up to 100 A. Some MCBs have facility to
adjust its tripping current capacity while some devices are fixed for
some load current and short circuit rating. MCBs are used to perform
many functions such as local control switches, isolating switches against
faults and overload protection devices for installations or specific
equipments or appliances.
CLASSIFICATION OF MCB’S
Type B MCB: This type of MCB trips between 3 and 5 times full
load current.
Type C MCB: This type of MCB trips between 5 and 10 times full
load current.
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Type D MCB: This type of MCB trips between 10 and 20 times full
load current.
Double Pole (DP) MCB: A two Pole MCB provides switching and
protection both for a phase and the neutral.
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WORKING OF MCB
Under normal working conditions, MCB operates as a switch (manual
one) to make the circuit ON or OFF. Under overload or short circuit
condition, it automatically operates or trips so that current interruption
takes place in the load circuit. The visual indication of this trip can be
observed by automatic movement of the operating knob to OFF position.
This automatic operation MCB can be obtained in two ways those are
magnetic tripping and thermal tripping.
Under overload condition, the current through the bimetal causes to raise
the temperature of it. The heat generated within the bimetal itself enough
to cause deflection due to thermal expansion of metals. This deflection
further releases the trip latch and hence contacts get separated. In some
MCBs, magnetic field generated by the coil causes develop pull on
bimetal such that it deflection activates the tripping mechanism.
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overcome the spring force holding slug in position. And hence slug
moves and then actuate the tripping mechanism.
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2.5 SWITCHES:
A switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical
circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to
another. The mechanism of a switch may be operated directly by a
human operator to control a circuit, may be operated by a moving object
such as a door-operated switch, or may be operated by some sensing
element for pressure, temperature or flow. A relay is a switch that is
operated by electricity. Switches are made to handle a wide range of
voltages and currents; very large switches may be used to isolate high-
voltage circuits in electrical substations.
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Selector switches are used when more than one control option is needed
(e.g. Hand-Off-Auto). These switches are preferred when a maintained
contact is needed.
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2.6 BUZZER:
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The use of remote relay unit as many advantages which prevents from
voltages drop,avoids the uses of heavy gauge cable.
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The product is made from stainless steel, fiberglass, painted mild steel,
polycarbonate and die cast aluminum. The enclosure is used for keep the
machines parts protected.
APPLICATIONS:
The product can find the usage in various industries and factories.
The product is widely used for engineering and electrical
applications
AREAS:
Telecommunications
Computer storage
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Medical
Industrial equipment and machines
FEATURES:
Prevent the enclosure from imploding under water pressure
Applies the necessary compression on the silicon gasket
Easy to install
SPECIFICATIONS:
Our extensive equipment provides a large range of capabilities,
from small to large sizes
Mild steel (cold rolled and hot rolled) to 5/8 thick
Aluminum sheet up to 1/4 inch thick
Stainless steel sheet up to 1/4 inch thick
ADVANTAGES:
Can form complex shapes
Many material options
High production rate
Low labor cost
Short lead time possible
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To ensure both wiring and associated devices are designed, selected and
installed so that they are safe for use, they are subject to wiring safety
codes or regulations, which vary by locality, country or region.
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3
CHAPTER-3
OPERATION OF AMF
CONTROL PANEL
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When the EB mcb is turned ON and at the same time the relay
is also energized, now the operation is in auto mode. The relay
indicates EB i.e EB load is present, and after a time delay of 4
seconds the EB contactor energizes and supplies power to the
load through EB supply.
When the EB fails i.e the utility supply is cut-off the supply to
load is also cut-off.so DG must start, the relay gives the signal
to start the DG within the time delay of 2seconds the DG should
be switched ON, now the supply to load is fed from the DG
source.
These is the ways that AMF panel can be operated.Now what all
the fault may arise when the DG is running and the load is
powered by a DG set. The different fault in DG set are.
When these fault arises in the DG set the relay senses these faults
and indicates the DG to stop running. which also cuts the supply
to load
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4
CHAPTER-4
INSTALLATION OF
PROJECT PICTURES
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5
CHAPTER-5
ADVANTAGES
& APPLICATION
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5.1 ADVANTAGES:
Less maintenance.
Cost effective.
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5.2 APPLICATIONS:
Processing plants.
Agriculture.
Generators.
Engineering units.
Hospitals Offices.
Industries.
Colleges.
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6
CHAPTER-6
COSTING
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6.1 COSTING:
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TOTAL = 15,900/-
TOTAL AMOUNT:-
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7
CHAPTER-7
RESULT, CONCLUSION
&
BIBILOGRAPHY
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7.1 RESULT:
The AMF was interfaced with utility and DG set. The utility
supply was switched off and AMF unit was found automatically cut in
and power supply was restarted to the connected load, through DG set.
And it switches from utility to supply to DG supply. With the use of this
system a wastage of can be attained with automatic changeover from DG
to utility supply. The DG receives pulse to start automatically when the
utility supply is disconnected from the load..In this case for
understanding we just shown in the form of indicators the change of
supply to load that is from EB to DG or DG to EB.
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7.2 CONCLUSION:
AMF panel is very significant in the present world, where uninterrupted
power supplies are at most needed. There are many drawbacks for the
AMF panel that is used nowadays. The generator and AMF panel is
usually kept at a distance from the control room due to safety factors. It
is a main disadvantage that the present day AMF panel can’t be
controlled from the control room. Since in the proposed system, a
remote relay unit which works as same as Wi-Fi module is added, the
panel can be controlled from a distance. Moreover, the fuel level in the
Generator can also be seen from a distance. The fuel level is sensed by a
sensor which is one of the features incorporated in a relay, which is
cheap, easily available and there are no risks for the occurrence of sparks
unlike the resistive sensor used now.
The power supply systems are subjected to frequent faults, which can be
identified using the designed AMF panel. An alarm sound will be
produced in the case of occurrence of a fault or if the utility supply fails
and the load will be disconnected from the power supply in order to
Protect the load from damage and to provide continuous supply.
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7.3 BIBILOGRAPHY:
// WWW.IJESRT.COM
https://www.google.co.in/#newwindow=1&q=amf+panel+
working
Wikipedia
https://www.google.co.in/#newwindow=1&q=amf+panel+
with+ats
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