MECHANISM OF NURSING

NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS

ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
ampicillin CLASSIFICATION: To treat Hypersensitivity CNS: Chills, Check and verify
500mg, TIV q8 Penicillin respiratory tract to any penicillin, fatigue, headache with doctor’s
(-ANST) infections caused infection caused order.
Has a bactericidal by susceptible by penicillinase- GI: Abdominal
Available Stock: effect, inhibits strains of producing distention, Check for
500mg/5ml cell wall nonpenicillinase– organism diarrhea, nausea, sensitivity test.
synthesis. Exerts producing vomiting
Therapy may
Computation: its effects on Haemophilus
500𝑚𝑔 HEME: anemia begin after
susceptible influenzae,
× 5𝑚𝑙 negative skin test.
500𝑚𝑔 bacteria in the staphylococci,
= 5𝑚𝑙 SKIN: Pain on
final stage of and streptococci,
injection site Observe rights in
cross linking including medication
process, which Streptococcus administrations
causes bacterial pneumoniae such as giving the
cell lysis and drug to the right
death. client using the
right route, right
dose and at the
right time.

Give drug I.V only

if patient can't
take oral dose.

Check for signs

and symptoms of
superinfection,
especially in
clients taking high
doses of the
antibiotics.

Monitor CBC.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
ceftriaxone CLASSIFICATION: For treatment of Calcium- CNS: fever, Check and verify
450mg, TIV q12 Cephalosporin susceptible containing I.V. headache, seizure with doctor order.
infections solutions; hyper-
Available Stock: Interferes with including bilirubinemic GI: diarrhea, Check for
1000mg/10ml bacterial cell wall endocarditis, neonates; nausea, vomiting sensitivity test.
synthesis by meningitis hypersensitivity
Computation: inhibiting cross- (including to ceftriaxone, HEME: anemia Therapy may
450𝑚𝑔 begin after
linking of meningococcal other
× 10𝑚𝑙 RESP: dyspnea negative skin test.
1000𝑚𝑔 peptidoglycan meningitis cephalosporins,
= 4.5𝑚𝑙 strands. prophylaxis), or their
Other: Injection Observe rights in
Peptidoglycan pneumonia, and components.
site pain, redness, medication
makes the cell septicemia administrations
and swelling;
membrane rigid such as giving the
superinfection
and protective. drug to the right
Without it, client using the
bacterial cells right route, right
rupture and die. dose and at the
right time.

Record vital signs.

Report abnormal
findings, which
may include
elevated
temperature.

Monitor CBC.

Assess for fever,

redness, swelling
or rash, which
could indicate a
superinfection.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
diazepam 2.5mg CLASSIFICATION: Used for short- Preexisting CNS CNS: headache, Check and verify
TIV PRN for Anticonvulsant term depression, resp lethargy with doctor order.
active seizure management of depression, acute
May potentiate status epilicticus pulmonary GI: nausea, Monitor vital
Available Stock: effects of and febrile insufficiency, vomiting signs. Check for
10mg/2ml gammaaminobut convulsions, in sleep apnea. signs of
yric acid (GABA) the control of MS: muscle respiratory
Computation: and other muscle spasm as weakness depression (slow,
2.5𝑚𝑔 inhibitory in tetanus. irregular breathing
× 2𝑚𝑙 SKIN: Pain on
10𝑚𝑔 neurotransmitter patterns)
= 0.5𝑚𝑙 s by binding to injection site
specific Observe and
benzodiazepine RESP: record intensity,
receptors in Hypoventilation duration and
limbic and location of seizure
cortical areas of activity. The initial
CNS. Diazepam dose of diazepam
suppresses offers seizure
spread of seizure control for 2 – 5
activity caused by min after
seizure-producing administration.
foci in cortex,
thalamus, and Protect diazepam
limbic structures. injection from
light.

For an infant or a
child, administer
I.V. injection
slowly over 3
minutes in a dose
not to exceed 0.25
mg/kg.

Monitor patient
closely for
increase in
frequency or
severity of grand
mal seizures when
diazepam is used
with standard
anticonvulsant
therapy. Dosage of
other
anticonvulsants
may need to be
increased.

Monitor patient’s
CBC.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
phenytoin 23mg CLASSIFICATION: Control of status History of CNS: fever, Check and verify
TIV q12 Anticonvulsant epilepticus of the hypersensitivity headache, with doctor order.
grand mal type. to phenytoin involuntary
Available Stock: Limits the spread Prevention and block, 2nd and motor activity, Check for
100mg/2ml of seizure activity treatment of 3rd degree AV lethargy sensitivity test.
and the start of seizures during or block.
Computation: new seizures by post GI: nausea, Therapy may
23𝑚𝑔 vomiting begin after
regulating voltage neurosurgery/sev
× 2𝑚𝑙 negative skin test.
100𝑚𝑔 dependent ere head injury.
HEME: anemia
= 0.46𝑚𝑙 sodium and
Observe rights in
calcium channels RESP: cough, medication
in neurons, dyspnea, administrations
inhibiting calcium pneumonia such as giving the
movement across drug to the right
neuronal SKIN: client using the
membranes, and injection-site right route, right
enhancing pain, dose and at the
sodium- weight gain or right time.
potassium ATP loss
activity in Record vital signs.
neurons and glial Report abnormal
cells. These findings, which
actions all help may include
stabilize the elevated
neurons. temperature.

Monitor CBC.

Assess for fever,

redness, swelling
or rash, which
could indicate a
superinfection.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
ranitidine 6mg CLASSIFICATION: Is used to relieve Acute porphyria, CNS: Dizziness, Check and verify
TIV q8 Antacids and/or prevent hypersensitivity drowsiness, with doctor order.
heartburn, acid to ranitidine or its fever, headache
Available Stock: Inhibits basal and indigestion, and components Assess fluid and
50mg/2ml nocturnal sour stomach. GI: nausea, electrolyte
secretion of vomiting imbalances,
Computation: gastric acid and including intake
6𝑚𝑔 RESP: and output.
pepsin by
× 2𝑚𝑙 Bronchospasm
50𝑚𝑔 competitively
Administer drug
= 0.24𝑚𝑙 inhibiting the
SKIN: Rash just before meals
action of to decrease food-
histamine at H2 induced secretion
receptors on or at bedtime. (if
gastric parietal not on NPO)
cells. This action
reduces total Monitor patient
volume of gastric for epigastric or
juices and, thus, abdominal pain or
irritation of GI blood in the stool.
mucosa.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
paracetamol CLASSIFICATION: Mild to moderate Hypersensitivity. CNS: Headache Check and verify
90mg TIV q4 × Antipyretics pain and fever. Severe hepatic with doctor order.
Temp >37.8ᵒ C impairment or GI: Nausea,
Paracetamol active liver vomiting, Observe rights in
Available Stock: produces disease (IV). constipation. medications
300mg/2ml antipyresis by administration
inhibiting the SKIN: pain and such as giving the
Computation: hypothalamic burning sensation drug to the right
90𝑚𝑔 at injection site client using the
heat-regulating
× 2𝑚𝑙 right route, right
300𝑚𝑔 centre. Its weak
dose and at the
= 0.6𝑚𝑙 anti- right time.
inflammatory
activity is related Do not exceed 5
to inhibition of doses of this drug
prostaglandin in 24 hours.
synthesis in the
CNS. Check vital signs
before giving and
after the
admission of drug.
 MECHANISM OF NURSING
NAME INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
ACTION CONSIDERATIONS
salbutamol CLASSIFICATION: Bronchospasm Hypersensitivity CNS: drowsiness Check and verify
nebule q6 Bronchodilator associated with to salbutamol with doctor order.
bronchial asthma CV: palpitations,
Available Stock: Stimulates the and other tachycardia Observe rights in
2.5mg beta2-adrenergic condition medications
receptors in the associated with GI: bad taste in administration
lungs, which reversible airway the mouth such as giving the
drug to the right
relaxes bronchial obstructions.
MS: fine tremor client using the
smooth muscles.
right route, right
Dermatologic: dose and at the
Pallor right time.

Auscultate for
presence of
adventitious
breath sounds.

Place client in
position of
comfort to
facilitate optimum
rest and sleep.