Thesis Report Jaunpur

Regeneration Of Jaunpur By Reclaiming Its Social Spaces
CONTENT
1. Introduction 5
1.1. Hypothesis 6
1.2. Rationale 7
1.3. Site 8
1.4. Aim 9
1.5. Objective 9
1.6. Scope 9
1.7. Limitations 9
1.8. Methodology 10
2. Jaunpur city- (Shiraz-e-Hind)
2.1. Brief introduction 11
2.2. Location 12
2.3. Demography 13
2.4. Infrastructure 15
2.5. Tourism 16
2.6. History 18
2.7. Historic evolution 19
3. Jaunpur sultanate 24
3.1. Jaunpur architecture (sharqi architecture) 26
4. Heritage
4.1. What is heritage..? 32
4.2. The AMASAR act 32
4.3. Heritage of Jaunpur 32
4.4. Condition of built heritage in the city 40
4.5. State of protection of heritage structures 41
4.6. Listing 43
5. City core
5.1. Defining city core 48
5.2. City core analysis 50
6. Issues 60
7. Issue -Proposal Matrix 61
8. Strategies
8.1. Approach 1: Heritage conservation 62
8.2. Approach 2: Reclaiming the lost spaces 64
ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 1
8.3. Approach 3: Tourism planning and public realm 65

8. Bibliography 67
9. Annexure 68

List of figures
Fig.1: Main Bazaar, Jaunpur. 6
Fig.2: Site location. 8
Fig.3: heritage structures found in jaunpur city. 10
Fig.4: Location of jaunpur city. 11
Fig.5: regional connectivity of the city 12
Fig.6: ward map and ward wise population of the city 14
Fig.7 : infrastructure data. 14
Fig.8: tourist spots in the city 15
Fig.9: average tourist flux in primary structures 16
Fig.10: annual tourist inflow according to Uttar Pradesh tourism report 16
Fig. 11 : artist impression of jaunpur ,sharqi period. 17
Fig.12 : old pic of atala masjid before independence. 18
Fig.13 : old entrance of fort. 18
Fig. 14 : city expanse in tughlaq period. 19
Fig. 15 : city expanse in sharqi period. 20
Fig. 16: city expanse in mughal period. 21
Fig. 17 : city expanse in brirish period. 22
Fig. 18 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of mughals. 23
Fig. 19 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of attack of lodhi’s. 24
Fig. 20 : shahi fort. 26
Fig. 21 : atala masjid. 27
Fig. 22 : jhanjari masjid. 28
Fig. 23 : lal darwaza masjid. 29
Fig. 24 : badi masjid or jami masjid. 30
Fig. 25 : shahi pul or akbari pul. 31
Fig.26: old structures in the city. 33
Fig.27: Towards shahi pul. 33
Fig.28: kotwali chowk. 33
Fig.29: from shahi pul. 33
Fig.30: from olandganj chowk to shahi pul. 34
Fig.31: quila road. 34
Fig.32: Old deteriorated market stretch 34
Fig.33: river view from the market . 35
Fig.34: famous havelis in the city(1.raja sahib ki haveli, 2. Hasan manzil, 3. Zulqidar manzil) . 35
Fig.35: old and abandoned havelis in the city . 36
Fig.36: social space near shahi pul. 36
Fig.37: kotwali chowk. 36
Fig.38 : view of shahi pul 37
Fig.39 : shahi pul to olandganj chowk 37
Fig.40: old community level social spaces in the settlement . 37
Fig.41 : from sadhbhawna pul 38
Fig.42 : connections with the city. 39
Fig.43 : kothi in rizwi khan mohalla. 40
Fig.44: baradari or kaleech khan ka maqbara in neglected condition. 40
Fig.45: condition of the structures. 41
Fig.46 : ownership. 41
Fig.47 : protection status. 41

Fig.48 : building era 41

Fig.49 : building type. 41
Fig.50 : Location of city core on landuse map of city 47
Fig.51: density map of city. 47
Fig. 52 : present city core 48
Fig. 53 : historical expanse of city and city core at the time of mughal period 48
Fig.54 : present city core of the city 49
Fig.55 : built use 50
Fig.56 : Landmarks and nodes in the core. 51
Fig.57 : important heritage structures as landmarks 52
Fig.58 :historical nodes and chaurahas 52
Fig.59 : types of shops in the market stretch 53
Fig.60 : market stretch 54
Fig.61 : map showing the layer of social spaces. 55
Fig.62 : community level social spaces. 56
Fig.63 : roofs as a social space for women. 56
Fig.64 : map showing shrinking spaces. 57
Fig.65 : illegal extensions of plot boundaries. 57
Fig 66: heritage circuit 62
Fig. 67: converting the riverside into a recreational space for the city and a tourist and market stopover. 63
Fig. 68: Creating Public Realm. 64
Fig. 69: programming of different activities in the fort complex for community awareness. 64

1. Introduction
India's cities are endowed with heritage structures, cultural landscapes, practices and
expressions which, over centuries, have not only defined collective identities and a strong
sense of belonging, but also provided critical services, such as housing and water supply,
and served as liveable economic hubs. Today, this sophisticated urban development, and its
heritage legacy, is at a turning point in India due to increasing pressures from broad rural-
urban migration. While slow compared to other parts of the world, such demographic
change in India is happening without a unifying vision and without the necessary planning,
service provision, and concern for cities’ existing cultural and natural assets. The historical
commercial core of Indian cities are experiencing rapid changes in land use, high density of
developments, traffic congestion, haphazard developments, land speculation, urban decay,
dilapidated buildings, insanitary conditions, over loading on the existing infrastructure and
many more. Cities’ effort enhanced when they are rejuvenated their built and urban forms.
It is commonly accepted that reinvigoration of commercial stretch is an important
component of urban renewal for planning of cities. Regeneration is a deliberate, planned
and overall effort to change the urban built environment by adopting comprehensive urban
renewal programmes. Conservation, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment are the three
components of urban regeneration, which are interrelated. The regeneration of commercial
core of Jaunpur is very important as this core is the most used space in the city and the
major activities of the city takes place here. It acts as face of the city as it contains the
historical identity of the city and as well business. The city on the other side of the river is
new as compared to the new one and the development in this area is less dense as
compared to the core of the city. The area is more crowded in the city as compared to any
apart of the city and this area also has the pressure on the infrastructure and the stretch is
decaying as compared to the other part of the city. The degenerated spaces are mostly
found in this core area only like in main market stretch, near Fort and Atala masjid area and
on the riverside which is the hub of anti-social behaviour activities. This area is needed to be
regenerated so it could become the pilot project for the future development in the city.

1.1. Hypothesis
Most of the traditional cities in India are characterised by architecturally and culturally
significant historic buildings such as temple or Mosque, palace and the residential areas.
Traditional buildings in the historic core of towns and cities play an important role in
heritage tourism. As large number of tourists, both national and international tourists
visit jaunpur there is a need to assess the present infrastructure and additional
infrastructure required for promoting the tourism. Today these traditional cities such as
jaunpur are facing problems consequent upon rapid urbanization which are devastating
their historical physical form. Typically the historic core areas are congested,
overcrowded lacking in basic amenities and steadily deteriorating. Several problems
arise in dealing with such historic core areas that include the conservation of historic
buildings and monuments and the problem of integrating the modern urban fabric with
the historic core. Hence comprehensive urban regeneration programmes need to be
formulated, which can provide solutions to enhance the quality of the historic
environment, there by improves its economy. But nowadays, the core city losing its
traditional character due to pressure on the old infrastructures which is designed
according to the old needs and major functions of the city revolve around this core. So
by regeneration of historical core is necessary by controlled land use and providing
exciting open public spaces for recreation and social gathering.
Fig.1: Main Bazaar, Jaunpur. (source:author)

1.2. Rationale of the selected area

This area is the main catchment of the flux in the city as the people visit city mainly for the
three purposes, first for education purpose as the city has main district college, for market
purpose as the main spine in the commercial hub of the jaunpur district as well adjacent
district is dependent on the city and thirdly for tourist purpose and the city has various
heritage monuments so as there is no recreational spaces present in the city and also as the
city is known for heritage in the local and the adjacent district. The fabric of the city is
getting very old day by day and there no proper restoration or redevelopment strategies for
these areas. And as the flux is increasing day by day there is no proper infrastructure for the
tourist as well as the people of the city and this is the main reason for the depletion of this
area. So my aim is to regenerate this area as this is the main area of the city as major
activities of the city also takes place in this area and also as the major attractions. the city is
in the growing process as the city is increasing its boundaries in all direction and one can
see the variation between the city on the both side of the of the river(old and new
settlement).this area is the core of the city and if we process of regeneration starts from this
area then this could become the pivotal project for the regeneration of the city. The
selected area is from kotwali chowk to oland ganj chowk which is the main commercial
spine of the city and from the fort chowk to chaharsu chauraha. This area is also the most
visited area in the whole city.

1.3. Site
The core city has historical importance as it is the place from where the settlement grows
and Gomti river intersects the city and divide into two parts. It is the place where the
Tughluq’s place the foundation of the city. The main bazaar market is on main state highway
road which crosses through a Shahi pul. My scope of area is fromm Kotwlali chowk to
Olandganj chowk and the market precinct covers the fort road and the vicinity area and the
Atala masjid to Nagarpalika area.
( source: survey of india map)
Fig.3: Site location. (source: google earth)

1.4. Aim
Regenerating historical core of Jaunpur by reclaiming social spaces.
1.5. Objectives
 To study the historical evolution of the city.
 To guide the development controls in harmony with the character of the market and
fort area and regain the lost urban space within the precinct.
 To list all the built heritage in the city.
 To study the various social spaces of the city.
 To study the activities of the people in the city social space on different time lapse.
 To study the various activities of the people in the city with respect to the space.
 To link the bazaar with adjacent heritage structures.
 To study the relationship of the city and the river.
 To develop the built-unbuilt form to accommodate the new functions such as
development of node as a community space, integrating the river and its bank as a
social place, in a manner which reinforces the quality of Core area.
1.6. Scope
Delineation of the site on prevalent physical, social, cultural and economic aspects and to
find the voids between the historical core and the river. Integration of river and its precinct
which will act as a catalyst for the tourist stopover to the site. Formulation of management
plan for the conservation of historically significant structure.
1.7. Limitations
Study is established purely for the physical changes in the core area which will automatically
bring the economic and social changes, however special focus will be only on
interconnections of the city core with riverside.

1.8. Methodology
Building theoretical background

by understanding the city, its evolution,
history and its importance
 Definition of regeneration. To understand the drivers of old

 Historical development. historical market and the present
 Factors and variable of issues gripping any of these
regeneration. drivers.
Develop the regeneration strategies in

order to trickle wider urban
regeneration of old historic core.
 Study field trips.

 Detailed inventory & interviews.
 Site surveys & literature study.


 Site surveys & literature study.
Analysing existing policies Existing organisational setup
Spatial analysis
Analysing existing policies and Understanding the role of urban Understanding the
their relevance for the 
local bodies their organisational development scenario based
conservation and setup and working.
development of this area. on form, age, land use,
ownership, and historical
character.
Analysis of existing fabric to understand the various

site related problems.
Recommendations & possible

design strategies & policies
according the identified
problems of the city.

2. Jaunpur
2.1. Brief introdution
Jaunpur city is governed by Municipal Corporation and is situated in Uttar Pradesh State. As
per provisional reports of Census India, population of Jaunpur in 2011 is 180,362. Jaunpur
historically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when the city
was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin,
Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan. Although many of the
monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques
remain most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque)
Masjid and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural
style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old
bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal Emperor
Akbar. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in good form. 1
Fig.3: heritage structures found in jaunpur city.
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunpur,_Uttar_Pradesh, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunpur,_Uttar_Pradesh

2.2. Location
( source: jaunpur.nic) ( source: jaunpur.nic)
( source: author) ( source: jaunpur.nic)
Fig.4: Location of jaunpur city.
Jaunpur is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the
North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the
Purvanchal area.

Fig.5: regional connectivity of the city ( source: google earth and author)
Connectivity
Rail
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four
major railway stations: Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU),
Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kirakat railway station (KCT).
Road
Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like
Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Kerakat, Ghazipur etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the
roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.
Airport
nearest airport fromj aunpur is lal bahadur shastri airport at babadpur varanasi which is
about 40 km from the city.
Bus
the city has one bus stop in olandganj area and from which the the city is connected intra
district as well as inter district which have regular bus services to azamgarh, sultanpur,
pratapgarh and major towns like varanasi, allahabad, kanpur and lucknow also. 2
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunpur

2.3. Demography
Jaunpur city is governed by Municipal Corporation and is situated in Uttar Pradesh. As per
provisional reports of Census India, population of Jaunpur in 2011 is 180,362; of which male
and female are 93,718 and 86,644 respectively.
( source: census 2011)
In education section, total literates in Jaunpur city are 128,050 of which 70,467 are males
while 57,583 are females. Average literacy rate of Jaunpur city is 81.22 percent of which
male and female literacy was 86.10 and 75.96 percent.3
(source: census 2011)
(source: author)
3
District handbook : Jaunpur

Fig.6: ward map and ward wise population of the city (source: nagar palika parishad, jaunpur )
2.3. Social infrastructure

The city has low quality of infrastructure social infrastructure but the city lacking in the
recreational spaces as the the city main population lives in the core almost 31% of total
poulation lives in the core. the city is deprived of public toilets, there are almost 7public
toilets in the city which is not adequate for the city population and the 2 of them are
present in the core area and are very bad in condition. there is a good number of tourist
influx in the city but the quality of infrastructure is very low and some services are abscent.
Fig.7 : infrastructure data. (source: primary study)

2.4. Tourism In The City

Jaunpur tourism is packed with several interesting monuments, museums and holy places
that attract thousands of visitors every year from all corners of the country. One such tourist
place is the Shahi Bridge also known as Mughal Bridge, Akbari Bridge or Munim Khan’s
Bridge. It is one of the few important landmarks of Mughal style architecture currently
existing in Jaunpur. The Shahi Qila (Royal Fort) located close to the Shahi Bridge on the
Gomti river has a checkered history. It has been built on the site and by using the materials
of a temple that was destroyed by the Mughal invaders. The Atala Masjid was also built
after a temple by the same name was destroyed. The Jama Masjid is a 15th-century
monument which was built during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlak in India.
Fig.8: tourist spots in the city (source: primary study)

The tourism of jaunpur is increasing day by day .after the city comes under the sarnath circle
the the influx of the tourist increases in the city but the infrastructure remains the same.
Fig.9: average tourist flux in primary structures (source: primary study)
There is no proper accesibility to the monuments and no proper signages and the linkages
between one monument to the other is absentand there are huge amount of monuments
which are present in the city but only major monuments are visited by the tourist out of
which only one( fort) is the ticketed monument.
Fig.10: annual tourist inflow according to Uttar Pradesh tourism report. 4
4
http://uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/about-up-tourism/annual-report

2.5. History
Jaunpur historically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when
the city was founded by the Sultan of DelhiFeroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his
cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan. In 1388, Feroz Shah
Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, an eunuch, who is notorious for having been the lover of
Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray
because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence.
He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi
dynasty(dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong
military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.
Fig. 11 : artist impression of jaunpur ,sharqi period.
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in
India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on
three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern
historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in
the military ranks. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer
Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The
Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations
between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves
were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants
of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was
conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several
years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city,
several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now
known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques
display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with
purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564,

the era of the MughalEmperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also
remains in good form.
Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779,
and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt
of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually
reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district
administrative center.5
Fig.12 : old pic of atala masjid before independence.
Fig.13 : old entrance of fort.
5
http://jaunpur.nic.in

2.5. Historic evolution of city

2.5.1. Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1358-59)
Fig. 14 : city expanse in tughlaq period. (source:author)
 In 1358-59 firoz shah tughlaq founded the city.before this there was no time of any
extent.
 The atala masjid was left at the distance from the fort by firoz shah but it was later
modified under the rule of sharqi dynasty and the first settlement is flourished under
the rule of nasir khan who is the son of sultan.
2.5.2. Sharqi dynaty(1394-1479)

Fig. 15 : city expanse in sharqi period. (source:author)
 In 1403, atala masjid was built and later on lal darwaza masjid in 1450 and jami
masjid in 1470 is built under sharqi rule. during this period the city flourished to the
peak and become the learning centre for literature studies(persian and arabic).
 settlements around the hauz khas is came into bieng the main people are students,
scholars and officials.
2.5.3. Mughals (1529-1764)

Fig. 16: city expanse in mughal period. (source:author)
 -Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by
Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to
retake the city, but ultimately failed.
 In 1567 Munim Khan was appointed the Governor of Jaunpur in 1567 by Emperor
Akbar. Munim Khan the shahi bridge was built in 1568-69 and the connection is
made to the other side of the river and the city expand toward the other side also.

2.5.4. British rule (1765-1947)
Fig. 17 : city expanse in brirish period. (source:author)
 In 1788, when Duncan visited in jaunpur, he appointed mufti karimullah as the first
judge of the city and the kachehri as setup in the old fort
 Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement
of 1779.
 In 1872, the first railway connection was established between varanasi to shahganj
via jaunpur and in 1886 the foundation of municpal corporation is laid down in the
city.

3. Jaunpur Sulatante
jaunpur city is one of the historic cities of northern india. it is one of the province of the
sultanate period.Well-known for its past and the glory of learning Jaunpur holds its own
important historical, social and political status. Studying its past on the basis of panic
accounts, rock edicts, archaeological remains and other available facts, the continuous
existence of Jaunpur district is seen, in some form of the other, till the Late Vedic Period.
The glory of the city on the Adi Ganga Gomti and its peaceful shores was a major pious
ground for the meditations and contemplations of sages, Rishis and Maharshis from where
the sounds of the vedmantras emanated. Even today, the Deva Vanees are echoing in
temples along the banks of the Gomti in Jaunpur city. In the field of education, this district
has held an important position. Students from other countries have been coming here to
learn Arabic and Persian. Sher Shah Suri too was educated here. Sufism too sprouted and
flowered here. During the Sharki period this area showed the way via a unique Hindu-
Muslim communal harmony whose legacy is still present here.
Fig. 18 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of mughals.
The Jaunpur sultanate was an independent kingdom of northern India between 1394 and
1479, whose rulers ruled from Jaunpur or Jounpoor in the present day state of Uttar
Pradesh. The Jaunpur sultanate was ruled by the Sharqi dynasty. The Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik
Sarwar, the first ruler of the dynasty was a wazir (minister) under Sultan Nasiruddin
Muhammad Shah IV Tughluq (1390–1394). In 1394, he established himself as an
independent ruler of Jaunpur and extended his authority over Awadh and a large part of
Ganges-Yamuna doab. The dynasty founded by him was named so because of his title Malik-
us-Sharq (the ruler of the east). The most cAclaimed ruler of this dynasty was Ibrahim Shah.
The last ruler Hussain Shah was overthrown by Bahlul Lodi,and Jaunpur sultanate was
permanently annexed to Delhi sultanate by Sikandar Lodi.

There are many historical sites and worth-seeing sights in thecity, amongst which buildings
of the Sharki period; Shahi Bridge built by Akbar; and Sheetla Chaukia Dham are the chief
attractions of tourists. All the historic & worth-seeing spots have their own special
importance. 6
Fig. 19 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of attack of lodhi’s.
6
https://www.mintageworld.com/history/detail/18-Jaunpur-Sultanate/, District Gazetteer: Jaunpur

3.1. Jaunpur architecture
The Governor of Jaunpur, an eastern province of the sultanate was given the title 'Malik-
ush-Sharq' (King of the East) by the Tughlaq monarch in Delhi. Hence, the dynasty was called
the Sharqi dynasty.
Under the Sharqi monarchs, Jaunpur became an important centre of Islamic art,
architecture and learning, a university town known as 'Shiraz-i-Hind' after the city of Shiraz
in Iran.Most of the structures of the style were destroyed when Sikander Lodi of Delhi
reconquered Jaunpur, leaving only 5 mosques. The style was mainly formed under Sultan
Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim (1402- 36).
Salient Features:
 Pylons built on the facade to accentuate entrances etc. are a common feature.
Arches are of the 'depressed four centered' or 'Tudor' variety with 'Fleur-de-Lys'
fringes.
 The builders were never certain of the curves and contours of the arches, which
wavered weakly in the larger examples.
 The predominantly Hindu masons and artisans were more comfortable with the
pillar, beam and bracket (trabeate) system of construction which was frequently
used.
 The pillars have square monolithic shafts with bands across the middle. The same
bands above form the capital out of which clusters of brackets emerge. These have a
feel of rough execution.7
7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunpur sultanate,_Uttar_Pradesh

3.1.1. Shahi Quila
Situated in the heart of the city on the left bank of the Gomti, Shahi Qila was built by Freoze
Shah in 1362 A.D. The inner gate of this fort is 26.5 ft. high and 16 ft. wide. The central gate
is 36 ft. high. A top this there is a huge dome. At present only its eastern gate and, within,
some arches etc. remain which narrate the tale of its ancient splendor. Muneem Khan had
got its majestic front gate built with a view to security and it was decorated with blue and
yellow stones. Inside, there is a bath in the Turkish style ad a Mosque too. From this fort, an
enchanting view of the Gomti river and the city can be seen. The mosque, built by Ibrahim ,
carries the imprints of Hindu and Buddhist architectural styles.
Fig. 20 : shahi fort.(source: www.jaunpurcity.in)

3.1.2. Atala Masjid
On 1408 A.D., Ibrahim Shah Sharki built the Atala Masjid which came to be considered as
the ideal for the construction of the other mosques of Jaunpur. In this mosque, beautiful
galleries were built by surrounding it with artistic walls. Its height is more than 100 ft. There
are three huge gateways for entrance. The total perimeter of the mosque is 248 ft. Its
construction was begun by Feorze Shah in 1393 A.D.
Fig. 21 : atala masjid. .(source: www.jaunpurcity.in)
3.1.3. Jhanjari Masjid
This mosque is in the Sipah locality of Jaunpur on the northern bank of the Gomti. This was
built by Ibrahim Sharki at the time of the construction of Atala and Khalis mosques as this
locality was settled-in by Ibrahim Sharki himself. The army used to keep its elephants,
camels, horses and mules here. It was the place of saints and pandits. Within this mosque
there are extremely beautiful "jhanjhariyas" of archdes. Sikandar Lodhi had got this mosque
demolished but, looking at the still remaining central arch and compared to the Atala Masjid
and the Jama Masjid with their great length and breadth, this mosque appears to be
extremely beautiful. It has been dealt great damage by floods. This arch is 35 ft. high and 32
ft. wide. Despite being relatively small, this mosque is extremely beautiful. After the
demolition by Sikandar Lodhi, quite a lot of stones from here have been used in the Shahi
bridge. This mosque is a very beautiful example of early architecture.

Fig. 22 : jhanjari masjid. .(source: www.jaunpurcity.in)
3.1.4. Masjid Lal Darwaza
This mosque has been built by V.V.Raje, wife of Sultan Mahamud Shah Sharki in 1455 A.D. at
Begumganj, a mile north of the city. Its outer area is 212 x 188 sq.ft. It has three gateways
and a courtyard. On two of its pillars some inscriptions in Sanskrit and Pali are there which
do not shed much light except for the samvat year and the names of some kings of Kannauj.
Fig. 23 : lal darwaza masjid. .(source: www.jaunpurcity.in)

3.1.5. Jama Masjid

With a height of more than 200 ft. this mosque near Purani Bazar on the Shahganj road is an
important monument of the Sharki period. Its foundation has been laid at the time of
Ibrahim Shah's rule and its construction was completed in various phases. It was finished
during the reign of Hussain Shah. This mosque is quite extensive, artistic and attractive and
there are 27 steps to the top. Its southern gateway is 20 ft. above ground level. Its inner
premises extend to 219 x 217 feet and has a gateway at each of the 4 cardinal points. The
eastern gateway was destroyed by Sikander Lodhi. The outer boundary of the mosque is 320
ft. on the East-West and 307 ft. on the North-south side. The decorations, its engravings in
the Egyptian style, the curves of its arches, the uniqueness of the Lotus, sunflower and rose
motifs, its screens etc. are worth seeing.
Fig. 24 : badi masjid or jami masjid. .(source: www.jaunpurcity.in)

3.1.6. Shahi Pul
This famous bridge of Jaunpur was built by Muneem Khan in 1564 on the orders of Akbar
during his reign. This is a one of its kind bridge in India and its carriageway is at ground level.
The width of the bridge is 26 ft. with 2 ft. 3 inch wide kerfs on both sides. At each junction of
adjacent spouse, pillboxes have been constructed. Earlier shops used to be set up in these
pillboxes (gumtees). On a square platform in the middle of the bridge, there is a large
sculpture of a lion with an elephant underneath its forepaws. It had formerly been installed
in some Buddhist monastery from where it was brought and installed at the bridge. There is
a mosque in front of this and there are 10 spans of the bridge to its north and 5 spans to the
south which rest on octagonal pylons. It is spot worth seeing.
Fig. 25 : shahi pul or akbari pul. (source:author)

4. Heritage
4.1. What Is Heritage..??

“Heritage is a broad concept and includes the natural as well as the cultural environment. It
encompasses landscapes, historic places, sites and built environments, as well as bio-
diversity, collections, past and continuing cultural practices, knowledge and living
experiences. It records and expresses the long processes of historic development, forming
the essence of diverse national, regional, indigenous and local identities and is an integral
part of modern life. It is a social dynamic reference point and positive instrument for growth
and change. The particular heritage and collective memory of each locality or community is
irreplaceable and an important foundation for development, both now and into the future.”
(International Cultural Tourism Charter, ICOMOS, 2002.)
4.2. The AMASR Act (1958)

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act,1958 (as amended In
2010)- The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, requires
special mention as it has recently been amended in 2010 with strict rules in place for
building and renovation activity in the vicinity of protected monuments. The Act states that
no building activity is allowed in the ‘prohibited zone’ which is within 100 meters from the
notified limits of the monument. Two hundred meters further from the borders of the 100
meter prohibited zone is the ‘regulated area’.8
8
http://asi.nic.in/asi_legislations.asp

4.3. Heritage of Jaunpur
4.3.1. Old built structures

There are many historical structures found all over the city like fort ,mosques,tomb ,
madarsa etc. most of them are unprotected and of unknown ownership.the old structure
which are unprotected are in very bad condition and are abused.
Fig.26: old structures in the city. (source:author)
4.3.2. Old historic market
This area is transformed in market stretch is firstly under the rule of Sharqi dynasty in 15 th
century and later after the connection on the other side of the river make the stretch
prominent and connect to the adjacent districts and mark the prominence of of this market
as it become the primary bazaar for the adjacent settlement and towns.
Fig.27: Towards shahi pul. (source:author)

Nowadays also the adjacent towns Like Shahganj ,Mariahu, Zafrabad,

Azamgarh,Saraimeer,Deogaon etc. are highly dependent on this market.
Fig.28: kotwali chowk. (source:author) Fig.29: from shahi pul. (source:author)
Fig.30: from olandganj chowk to shahi pul. (sorce:author) Fig.31: quila road. (source:author)
The market is consisting of mainly jewellery and cloth market and has intra-district as well as
inter-district business. The market stretch is very old and historic as we can see the ground
floor of the market consist of old architecture and also many of the old vacant buildings are
found in the stretch which great potential but are abused and also the character of the
whole stretch is depleting day by day.

Fig.32(A): Old deteriorated market stretch( source:author)
Fig.32(B): Old deteriorated market stretch( source:author)
The market crosses the river and the most abused area are the riverside which we can see
on the both side of the market and river as well.
Fig.33: river view from the market . ( source:author)
4.3.3. Old havelis
The settlement in the core area has the oldest settlement and one can found
old houses or footprints of old houses on which new houses were built upon.

There are few havelis left in the city, most of the havelis are converted into
shops or new modern houses. Old havelis like raja ji ki haveli , nawab yousuf ki
haveli, zulqadar manzil and hasan manzil etc. and some of them are in
degraded condition with unknown ownership.
Fig.34: famous havelis in the city(1.raja sahib ki haveli, 2. Hasan manzil, 3. Zulqidar manzil) . ( source:author)
Fig.35: old and abandoned havelis in the city . ( source:author)

4.3.4. Old nodes of the city

There are many important nodes in the core which can be consider as most vibrant social
spaces like Chaharsu chauraha, olandganj chowk , atala msjid chowk and fort road and the
market stretch to railway station. Shahi pul is the most crowded connection between the
two sides of the river and laso the most oldest one apart from that Sadhbhawna bridge is
also used for social activities of the people of the city. According MPD-2021 of Jaunpur there
is also shortage of social and recreational spaces in the city as there is only 1 public park in
the city and that is to on the station road which inaccessible for the people and out from the
reach of the people.
Fig.36: social space near shahi pul. ( source:author) Fig.37: kotwali chowk. ( source:author)
Fig.38 : view of shahi pul ( source:author) Fig.39 : shahi pul to olandganj chowk( source:author)

4.3.5. Old settlement and social spaces

The city heritage is not only restricted to the monuments but the old settlement or the core
area of the settlement is also the heritage of the city. The old mohallas and the community
spaces found in them are from the time of Tughlaqs and now the social spaces in the city are
shrinking at a high rate.
Fig.40: old community level social spaces in the settlement . ( source:author)
4.3.6.GOMTI RIVERSIDE – A Potential But Abused Space In The City Core
The city is founded near the riverside and from that time the riverside is used as a social and
recreational space for the city but as the city grows and the urbanisation takes place the
density of the core increases and thus blocks the connection and the connections is
wreaking day by day and the whole chunk of riverside is now abused and most of the city’s
anti social activities takes place and also the space is used as market waste dumping site

and the open a defecation for the people visiting or using this core as there are no public
infrastructure provided for the people and as well as for the commuters.
Fig.41 : from sadhbhawna pul.( source:author)
Connections With The City

Gomti river is bisecting the city into two parts and the main commercial spine passing
through the river on the shahi pul. The vicinity area of the river is abused and used as a
dumping site for the core city and the area become the dark space of the city and space for
anti social behaviour activities after the market shuts down.

Fig.42 : connections with the city. ( source:author)
4.4. Condition of Built Heritage in the City
4.4.1. Demolition of heritage fabric

In the recent development proposal have been a major threat to the heritage of the city and
have led loss of number of heritage structures in the city.many f the historic mosqoues and
tombs also effected by such activities and were demolished part by part over time that we
don’t find there original traces anymore.
Fig.43 : kothi in rizwi khan mohalla. ( source:author)
4.4.2. Neglected structures

There is no recognition of any structure as heritage other than the structure under ASI and
State Archaeology. There are many structures which are in and around the city which are
not under any maintenance or even in regular use. This slowly become a place of anti-social
behaviour activities and leads to damage and increase the rate of decay.

Fig.44: baradari or kaleech khan ka maqbara in neglected condition. ( source:author)
4.5. State of protection of heritage structures
out of 83 structure identified in the survey, six mosques and three tomb protected under
ASI and four tombs under the state archaeology, a large number is listed as waqf property
which does not any charge of protection and many remain unprotected or in private hands.
There are many structures which are still under use are mostly managed by the locals and
they have their own loopholes in their management system and issues regarding to the
conservation and management.
Fig.45: condition of the structures. Fig.46 : ownership. Fig.47 : protection status.

( source:primary study) ( source: primary study) ( source:primary study)

Fig.48 : building era Fig.49 : building type.

( source:primary study) ( source:primary study)
4.6. Inventory of heritage structures






5. City core (site)
5.1. Definining The City Core

the core is define on the basis of parameters like historical, commercial and the primary
tourist influx in the city due to primary heritage structure in the core city and due to which
the commercial activities in the city is flourishing. the main market of the city and as well as
the the district market is present in the core on which large population is dependent.
Fig.50 : Location of city core on landuse map of city.9
( source: author)
9
MPD-2021 :JAUNPUR

Fig.51: density map of city.
Fig. 52 : present city core
Fig. 53 : historical expanse of city and city core at the time of mughal period.

5.2. City Core

Area: 2.79 km.sq.
Type: historical and commercial core.
Age: almost 700 years old.
density: above 201 pph.
Activities: commercial, tourism.
the core consist of almost 9 wards the population of these wards is 47500 apprrox.
Fig.54 : present city core of the city( source: author)

5.2.1. built-use of core

The core is intersecting with the SH-5 and this highway is totally commercial on the either
sides an this stretch is city as well as the district main market. the household density is
above 201 pph which is amongst the highest in the city. the core is very less green spaces,
there are few spaces which are green are either private spaces or flood prone are which
comes under the U.P. irrigation board.
The mixed used are often seen on the secondary roads. the flood prone area is define on
the HFL level of 72 m. and one can see that the settlement sprawl crosses this level and
many of the encroachments are taking place in this area.
The river front is of great potential but is in deteroited condition as on it the areas restricted
to ghats are maintained and managed, rest of the whole riverfront stretch which crosses the
city which is about 1.5 km approx. and the e area other than ghats are spaces used as
dumping sites and abused the anti social behaviour takes place in this area.
Fig.55 : built use( source: author)

5.2.2. Important landmarks and nodes in the core
Fig.56 : Landmarks and nodes in the core( source: author)
IMPORTANT LANDMARKS
-MOUNUMENTS
the monuments are the primary landmark in the city core as the are three major landmarks:
shahi kila, atala masjid, badi masid. and secondary landmarks: nawab yousuf ki kothi and
raja saheb ki haveli plays an important role for the tourist fo r the wayfinding.

Fig.57 : important heritage structures as landmarks( source: author)
-CHOWKS AND CHAURAHA
the man market runs from the kotwali chauraha to chaharsu chauraha crossing from the
shahi pul to the fal mandi chauraha.and the atala masjid chowk and the manik chowk are
the old chowks .
Fig.58 : historical nodes and chaurahas( source: author)

5.2.3. Market stretch in the core

the core consist of a main market stretch whic is from olandganj chauraha to the kotwal
chowk passing through chaharsu chauraha and from kotwali chowk to station road market
til sabzi mandi.
Fig.59 : types of shops in the market stretch( source: author)

Fig.60 : market stretch( source: author)
the market is diversed and the inter and intra city dependency with the nearby vilages and
small towns.the stretch from shahi pul to kotwali is majorly jwellery market. and the market
from kotwali to sabzi mandi is majorly cloth wholesale market. the fruit market is located in
olandganj area.

5.2.4. Social spaces in the settlement

The social spaces ain settlement are the market places streets ,religious buildings and
community level social spaces at mohalla level. The transformation in the city also causes
the transformation of these spaces and change in the activities which takes place in these
areas.
Fig.61 : map showing the layer of social spaces. ( source: author)

Community level social spaces

The social spaces like chowks and baithaks at the mohalla in the core city also transformed
as at the time when household industry were present in the city the activities were different
and these places were more active in the mohalalla , but now the spaces have less activity
and major participant are the old people and the amatures.
Fig.62 : community level social spaces. ( source: author)
Roofs as a social space

The roofs of the mohalla are used majorly by the women as the social spaces for thie
household activities and interaction with the neighbours. It is main active social spaces for
married women and mostly the height of the houses in the settlement is G+1 or G+2 floors
and maximum building height in bye laws is 12 m. So it is easy for the women to use the
roof network as active spaces which ultimately become their private social spaces
throughout the day.
Fig.63 : roofs as a social space for women. ( source: author)

Shrinking of social spaces

As we compared the last decal transformation of these social spaces at community level we
can see that these spaces are shrinking at very high pace and the main reason behind that is
the violation of building bye laws which allows the people living surrounding these spaces
illegally shift their plot boundaries and make the extension paved, the second reason
regular parking space for the people living their . so, there no place left for recreational
activities to prevail.
Fig.64 : map showing shrinking spaces. ( source: author)
Fig.65 : illegal extensions of plot boundaries. ( source: author)

6.Issues Prevailing In City
 Ownership Issues
Many vacant buildings with unknown ownership is found in core are which are
abused and often become a space for anti-social behaviour activities.
( source: author)
 Old Historic Building Condition

Many old buildings and structures are identified and seen in the city and are in very
dilapidated condition. Due to the maintenance cost the old houses were demolished
by the owners.
( source: author)

 No linkages with the structures in the tourist circuit.

primary structures like shahi fort, atala masjid , badi masjid and shahi pul are in
nearby areas therefore they are covered by one circuit, but the structures which are
far away these areas have no visitors as the accesibilty of the monuments which are
far away from the primary heritage structeres is very low.
 Shrinking of community level social spaces

These spaces are shrinking at very high pace and which make the area more densed
and low on open spaces.
 Awareness
lack of ownership of heritage structures allowed them to get enchroached &
dismentaled for the personal interest of investers. ownership factor also leading the
old structures to make changes without the order of the specific period architecture
to continue & retail the glory.
 No Legibility And Poor Infrastructure In The Core Area
There is not proper signages except in the monument complex which are ASI
protected in the core area ,which causes problems for the tourists to find the
monuments in the city. there is also no public toilets ,seating spaces in the core area
.
 Dead Spaces And ASB Activities
the core area is very dense as compared to the city itself but it has some dead space
like old defunct buildings in market stretch as most of the main market stretch is
purely commercial which shuts down between 8pm-9pm which causes the activities
to give the chance to trigger in these spaces and riverfront except the ghat area
which also become dead at night becomes a spot for anti- social behaviour activities
and many cases file of snatching, drugs and harassment in these area.
 Lack of Recreational Spaces

There is only one public park in the city on the population of 1,81,000 and which is
located on the station road.majority of population did not access which built design
and mangaed by the municipality. and the second recreational spaces for the people
is fort. so in future we need more of the rereational spaces.
 Poor Accessibility To Riverside

which is degrading and become a regular space of waste dumping , open defecation
and after market get closed it become a place for anti- social behaviour and also the
encroachment in this area is a major concern.

7.Issue -Proposal Matrix
( source: author)

8.Strategies
On looking at examples all over the world, where the depressed or deteriorating inner
historical cities of the world have been improved (whether the process was
redevelopment/rehabilitation/ revitalization /renovation/ adaptive reuse or any other
innovative term) one can boil these down to a few guiding themes or basic ideas.
These in my view would be:
1. Historic Preservation
2. reclaiming the lost and degenerated spaces to become a social space
3. Make a tourist, cultural and social destination by tourism planning and public realm.
8.1. Approach 1: Historic conservation:
In this approach to urban regeneration, the main aim is to preserve the original city fabric
and structure as far as possible. This approach varies in its different applications and has
come to include preservation of buildings preservation of urban precincts and preservation
of general character of the area. After establishing the criteria for selection of specific
buildings and designating conservation areas, the area is surveyed and the buildings listed.
The area is designated and legally incorporated in the master plan of the city. The buildings
in this area have to be maintained as they are, and although new uses may be allowed,
there should be minimal changes in the buildings original structure and appearance. Specific
design controls and guidelines are set for any rebuilding or infill projects so as to maintain
the character of the area.
Implementing Strategies
Application of the conservation approach to the core area would need the following steps:
 Demarcation of the boundaries of the area to be designated as the “Conservation
Zone".
 Listing of archaeologically, historically or culturally significant buildings within this
Zone
 Grading of all the buildings in the area into Categories which would include -
(a) Statement buildings - buildings of high significance total preservation.
(b) Facade buildings - buildings that have significance as part of a continuous urban street
facade - external face and heights to be preserved and the buildings could be reused.
(c) Urban fabric and character buildings - buildings that can be rebuilt with strict guidelines
to fit into the urban vocabulary in the district.
(d) New buildings - buildings that are in relatively new condition and can be fixed by small
facade changes.10
10
http://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/ConservationHertbuildings.pdf

Development of recreational area and designated parking space in the fort area Street
revitalisation with proper spaces for vendor and pedestrian movements.
Market area have a large collection of archaeologically, historically and culturally significant
buildings that could be listed for historic Preservation. Its buildings instead form a part of
the urban fabric of the city and need to be repaired and adapted to different uses. Very
strict design regulations and guidelines would make changes difficult and a rigorous and
expensive approval process could stifle regeneration.
before: view of fort road ( source: author) after : view of fort road( source: author)
before: view of market road ( source: author) after: view of market road ( source: author)

8.2. Approach 2: Reclaiming the lost spaces

In this approach we reconnect the lost spaces with the present tourist route and use the
spaces according to its need. The spaces should be preserved and activities should be
programmed to light up the dead spaces. the interlinkages between these spaces and the
connection of these spaces with major nodes and landmarks so that the whole network of
social spaces at community level should be upgraded and conserved the built fabric of the
same.same is the connection with the riverside as it completely isolated due to poor
accessibility and negative activities like waste dumping and open defecation area of the
people living in the illegal encroachment of the flood plains.
 By proposing the main heritage circuit in the core which connects the major heritage
landmarks.
 Connecting the different social spaces mohalla wise with different and nearby
primary heritage structure and make a several loops in the core which connects the
primary structure and community level social spaces.
 Create riverside a recreational space like parks, walking tracks etc. and connect it
with the heritage circuit which act as tourist stopover and recreational space for the
people of the city in which city is lacking.
Fig. 66: Proposal of heritage circuit ( source: author)

Fig. 67: converting the riverside into a recreational space for the city and a tourist and market
stopover. ( source: author)
8.3. Approach 3: Tourism planning and public realm
Planning to promote tourism is an approach that can be seen in several third world cities
where the architectural resources or the natural resources have a tourist potential. The
main concept behind this approach is to upgrade the important buildings and the buildings
that are on the way to the main sites. Tourism then is expected to bring in the money that
would spark off more revitalization. “It makes sense that an industry which capitalizes on,
and benefits from, an area s cultural and historic resources should have a vested interest in
maintaining and restoring these assets." This can be done in several ways that are more or
less sensitive to the local character and people. It could be developed as a process where
the community is involved in the initial revitalization and directly benefits from the tourism
versus an upgrading done by the city/ministry of tourism and then maintained by the local
people.

Application of this approach to core area
Existing heritage walk which starts from shahi fort and ends at bada masjid , this walk is
then expected to connect to the core market area by creating public realm and promenade
through the high court road and market road . This approach will give a sense of imageabilty
to the place and visual identity to the area.
Fig. 68: Creating Public Realm. ( source: author)
 Provide public and tourist infrastructure in the core are with the heritage circuit.
Infrastructure like public toilets, drinking water taps, restaurant and eateries shop.
 Make shahi fort as the main promoting space in the core and involve community by
programming different activities like light and sound show which exhibit the history
of the city at regular time intervals which aware new generations to know about
their city.
Fig. 69: programming of different activities in the fort complex for community awareness. ( source:
author)

9. Bibliography
 http://uptownplanning.gov.in/article/en/introduction-of-regulated-area-jaunpur-
jaunpur.
 http://uptownplanning.gov.in/article/en/introduction-of-regulated-area-jaunpur-
jaunpur
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunpur,_Uttar_Pradesh
 http://shiraz-e-hind.com/
 http://www.hamarajaunpur.com/
 https://www.jaunpurazadari.com/
 http://www.uptourism.gov.in/
Books
 District gazetteers; Jaunpur

 tarikh-i-shiraz-i-hind jaunpur by sayyid iqbal ahmed.
 Sheher-e – jaunpur.
 Jaunpur mahayojana-2021.
Papers
 Cultural Landscapes: An approach to Heritage Management in India

 Abakerli, S. (2012). Inclusive Heritage-based City Development Program in India. New
Delhi: World Bank Group.
 MPD-2021 Jaunpur.
 Reclaiming space and identity: heritage-led regeneration in Palestine
 Sustaining old historic cities through heritage-led regeneration S. Y. Said , S. S. Syed Zainal,
M. G. Thomas& B. Goodey.
 Comparative Examination of Heritage Resource Protection and Management.
 Preserving Beijing's Old City: The Vision and Reality of Historic Conservation Planning
By Beatrice B. Chen

10. Annexure

Thesis Report Jaunpur

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Regeneration Of Jaunpur By Reclaiming Its Social Spaces

8.3. Approach 3: Tourism planning and public realm 65

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 2

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 3

Fig.48 : building era 41

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 4

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 5

Fig.1: Main Bazaar, Jaunpur. (source:author)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 6

1.2. Rationale of the selected area

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 7

( source: survey of india map)

Fig.3: Site location. (source: google earth)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 8

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 9

Building theoretical background

 Definition of regeneration. To understand the drivers of old

Develop the regeneration strategies in

 Study field trips.

Analysis of existing fabric to understand the various

Recommendations & possible

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 10

Fig.3: heritage structures found in jaunpur city.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 11

( source: jaunpur.nic) ( source: jaunpur.nic)

( source: author) ( source: jaunpur.nic)

Fig.4: Location of jaunpur city.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 12

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 13

( source: census 2011)

(source: census 2011)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 14

2.3. Social infrastructure

Fig.7 : infrastructure data. (source: primary study)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 15

2.4. Tourism In The City

Fig.8: tourist spots in the city (source: primary study)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 16

Fig.9: average tourist flux in primary structures (source: primary study)

Fig.10: annual tourist inflow according to Uttar Pradesh tourism report. 4

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 17

Fig. 11 : artist impression of jaunpur ,sharqi period.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 18

Fig.12 : old pic of atala masjid before independence.

Fig.13 : old entrance of fort.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 19

2.5. Historic evolution of city

Fig. 14 : city expanse in tughlaq period. (source:author)

2.5.2. Sharqi dynaty(1394-1479)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 20

Fig. 15 : city expanse in sharqi period. (source:author)

2.5.3. Mughals (1529-1764)

Fig. 16: city expanse in mughal period. (source:author)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 22

2.5.4. British rule (1765-1947)

Fig. 17 : city expanse in brirish period. (source:author)

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 23

Fig. 18 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of mughals.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 24

Fig. 19 : old paintings of heritage structures at the time of attack of lodhi’s.

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 25

3.1. Jaunpur architecture

ANAS JAMEEL, M.ARCH(U.R) 4TH SEM. Page 26

3.1.1. Shahi Quila