INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL

Factores Energéticos

Electrotecnia

Iván Fernando Mondragón Bernal

Taller #1

Jimena Rodriguez Montilla

Alejandro Gonzales

20-08-2019
 1. A dc power link is t{o be made between two islands separated by a distance of 24
miles. The operating voltage is 500 kV and the system capacity is 600 MW.
Calculate the maximum dc current flow, and estimate the resistivity of the cable,
assuming a diameter of 2.5 cm and a solid (not stranded) wire. Use the following
tables for resistivity.

Fórmulas:
Resistividad de un objeto: R= p*( l/ A)
Corriente max= W/V Resistencia: V/A Área transversal: π/4 * diámetro2
Conversión= 24miles* (1609.344m/1milla) =38624.256m
Corriente max= 600x106 W/500x103 V=1200A
Resistencia= 100X103V/1200A =416.667Ω
Área transversal= π/4 * 2.5cm2 = 4.91 cm2
Resistividad del cable= p =416.667Ω* (4.91cm2 / 3862425.6cm) = 5.2946x104 Ωcm

2. Calculate the resistance between points A and B (RAB) for the following resistor
Networks.
Figura 1:
500Ω+500Ω =1kΩ (serie izquierda y arriba) 500Ω+500Ω= 1kΩ (serie abajo)
1kΩ en paralelo= 500Ω
Figura 2:
1kΩ (arriba) y (1kΩ)(3) (abajo) = 3kΩ total= 1/1kΩ +1/3kΩ =750Ω
Figura 3:
Resistencias en A:
1/ RA=1/2kΩ +1/5kΩ = 1428.5714Ω
Resistencias en B:
1/RB= 1/100Ω +1/470Ω= 82.456 Ω
Rt= RA+RB= 1511.03Ω
Figura 4:
Las resistencias de 470Ω y 250Ω no afectan en el circuito por lo que no están conectados
por ende Rt= 940Ω
Figura 5:
Resistencias (derecha- serie): 2.2kΩ+2.2kΩ=4.4kΩ
Resistencias (izquierda- paralelo): 1/ (1/2.2kΩ+1/2.2kΩ)= 1.1kΩ
Rt=1/(1/1.1kΩ+1/4.4kΩ) = 880Ω
Figura 6:
Resistencias en paralelo
R1= 1/(1/220Ω+1/100Ω)= 68.75Ω
R2= 1/(1/470Ω+1/68.75Ω)=59.97Ω
Rt= 1/(1/330Ω+59.97Ω)= 50.8 Ω
3. Determine the current i in next figure and the power delivered by the 80 V source.

4. For the circuit of next figure, calculate the voltage vx.

𝑅1⊩𝑅2=𝑅9 𝑅3⊩𝑅4=𝑅10 𝑅7⊩𝑅8=𝑅11

R9= 1/ (1/6Ω+1/9Ω) =3.6Ω

R10= 1/ (1/3Ω+1/3Ω)=1.5Ω
R11= 1/(1/3Ω+1/3Ω)=1.5Ω
RT= 1 / (1/R9)+(1/(R10+R11+R5+R6)) = 1/(1/3.6Ω+1/13Ω)= 2.82Ω
V= I*R
V=1A*2.82Ω=2.82V
5. Complete the table of values for this circuit: Show how you obtain the table values

R1 R2 R3 TOTAL
V 1.778 V 1.778V 10.22V 12V
I 8.079mA 13.67mA 21.75 mA 21.75mA
R 220Ω 130Ω 470Ω 551.7Ω
P 14.36mW 24.30mW 222.3mW 261 mW

0=-12V+470ΩI1+130(I1-I2)
0=130(I2-I1)+220I2
0=130I2-130I1+220I2= 350I2-130I1
130I1 / 350= I2
12V=470I1+130I1-130(130I1/350)
12V=551.7I1 I1=21.75Ma
I2= 130/350 (0.002175A) I2= 8.08 mA
V1=220Ω*8.08x10-3A= 1.776V
v2=130Ω*13.67X10-3A= 1.771V
v3=470Ω*21.75X10-3A=10.225V
P1=1.776V*8.08x10-3A=14.36mW
P2=1.771V*13.67X10-3A=24.3mW
P3=10.225V*21.75X10-3A=222.3mW
It = 12V/551.7Ω = 21.75 mA
Pt= 12V*21.75X10-3A=261mW
6. Complete the table of values for this circuit: Show how you obtain the table values
 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 TOTAL
V (V) 13.43 18.57 13.43 32 0 32V
I (mA) 17 18.57 1.562 14.55 0 33.11Ma
R 790Ω 1kΩ 8.6kΩ 2.2kΩ 630Ω 966.4Ω
P (mW) 228.4 344.7 20.92 465.5 0 1.06 W

1. 32V=2200 I1
I1=32v/ 2200= 0.0145 A
2. 32V = 8600(I2-I3)+100I2
32V=9600I2-8600I3
3. 790I3+8600(I3-I2)=0
8600I2=9390I3
I3=(860/939)*I2
I3= 0.017A
4. 2 Y 3
32V=9600I2-8600(869/939)I2
I2= 32/ 1723.03=0.0186 A
V = I *R
1. 0.017A*790Ω= 13.43 V
2. 0.0186A*1kΩ= 18.57V
3. 0.0145A*2.2kΩ=31.9 V
P=VI
1. 13.43V*0.017A=0.228W
2. 18.57*0.0186A=0.344W
3. 31.9*0.0145A=465.5W

7. An industrial consumer is operating a 50 kW (67.1 hp) induction motor at a lagging PF

of 0.8. The source voltage is 230 V rms. In order to obtain lower electrical rates, the
customer wishes to raise the PF to 0.95 lagging. Specify a suitable solution.
𝐹p1=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
0.8=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
𝜑=𝑐𝑜s-1 (0.8)
𝜑=36.86

𝐹𝑃= Potencia active/ potencia compleja

0.8=(50∠36.86)/ S1

S1 =50+𝑗37.5 𝐾𝑉𝐴

𝐹𝑃2=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
0.95=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
𝜑=𝑐𝑜𝑠-1 (0.95)
𝜑=18.19

𝐹𝑃= 0.8=(50∠18.19)/s2
s2=50+𝑗16.42 𝐾𝑉𝐴

S1 – S2 =50+𝑗47.5 𝐾𝑉𝐴−50+𝑗16.42 𝐾𝑉𝐴

𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎=−𝑗21.1𝐾𝑉𝐴
−𝑗21.1𝐾𝑉𝐴=21100𝑉𝐴
𝑄=21100𝑉𝐴

𝜔=2𝜋𝑓 (con 60 hz de f)
𝐶=−𝑄
𝑄= Vc2 / Zc

−𝑗21100𝑉𝐴=2302 𝑉𝑟𝑚s / (1∠−90º)/𝜔𝐶

(1∠−90º)/𝜔𝐶 = (2302 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠/ 21100∠−90º)

𝐶=(1∠−90º / 377) * (21100∠−90º / 2302 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠) = 1.058𝑥10-3 𝐹

Se necesita un capacitor de 1.058𝑥10-3 F.

8. For the circuit shown in Fig. 11.22, find the complex power absorbed by the (a) 1 Ω
resistor; (b) −j10 Ω capacitor; (c) 5 + j10 Ω impedance; (d) source
Find the impedances
(5Ω + 𝑗10Ω)(−𝑗10Ω) −𝑗50Ω − 𝑗 2 100Ω 100Ω − 𝑗50Ω
𝑍1 = = = = 𝟐𝟎𝛀 − 𝒋𝟏𝟎𝛀
5Ω + 𝑗10Ω − 𝑗10Ω 5 5
𝑍𝑇 = 20Ω − 𝑗10Ω + 1Ω = 𝟐𝟏𝛀 − 𝒋𝟏𝟎𝛀
𝑉𝑇 120∡0
𝐼𝑇 = = = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟔∡𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟔
𝑍𝑇 23.25∡ − 5.46
Apparent power
𝑆𝑇 = 𝑉𝑇 ∙ 𝐼𝑇 = (120∡0)(5.16∡25.46) = 𝟔𝟏𝟗. 𝟐∡𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟔
𝑺𝑻 = 𝟓𝟓𝟗 + 𝒋𝟐𝟔𝟔

a) 𝑃1Ω = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 ∙ 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 ∙ 𝑅

𝑃1Ω = (5.16)2 ∙ (1Ω) = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝑾

b) Find current from each branch
𝐼𝑋 = 10.36∡ − 64.56 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑠

𝑃5Ω = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 ∙ 𝑅 = (10.32)2 ∙ (5) = 532.5𝑊

𝑄𝑗10 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 ∙ 𝑋𝐿 = (10.32)2 ∙ (10) = 1065

𝑽𝑿 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟒∡ − 𝟏. 𝟏

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 (115.4)2
𝑄−𝑗10 = = = 1331.7
𝑋𝐿 10

9. Find the current i(t) in the circuit shown in next figure

Primero transformamos a el dominio de la frecuencia=40∡-90

Impedancia de la bobina= j1k Ω

Impedancia del capacitor=-j2k Ω

W=3000 rad/s

(𝑗)(1 − 2𝑗) 2+𝑗

𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 1.5 + = 1.5 +
𝑗 + 1 − 2𝑗 1−𝑗

2+𝑗1+𝑗 1 + 3𝑗
= 1.5 + = 1.5 +
1−𝑗1+𝑗 2

= 2 + 𝑗1.5 = 2.5∡36.87𝑘Ω

𝑉𝑠 40∡ − 90
𝐼= = 𝑚𝐴
𝑍𝑒𝑞 2.5∡36.87

𝐼 = 16.00∡ − 126.9 𝑚𝐴

En el dominio del tiempo

𝐼(𝑡) = 16 cos(3000𝑡 − 126.9) 𝑚𝐴

10. A large AC electric motor under load can be considered as a parallel combination of
resistance and inductance:
Calculate the current necessary to power this motor if the equivalent resistance and
inductance is 20 Ω and 238 mH, respectively

I=0.238H
𝑉=240∠0º𝑉
𝑅=20∠0ºΩ

𝐿=𝜔∗𝐿∠90º
𝐿=2𝜋𝑓∗𝑙∠90º
𝐿=89.72∠90ºΩ
Corriente necesaria Z: 1/ (1/20∠0ºΩ + 1/89.72∠90ºΩ) = 19.52∠12.56ºΩ
I= v/z = 240∠0º𝑉/ 19.52∠12.56ºΩ = 12.29∠−12.56𝐴
11. Rank these five light bulb assemblies according to their total electrical resistance (in
order of least to greatest), assuming that each of the bulbs is the same type and rating

El orden de menor a mayor es c,d,a,e,b,.

12. For next circuit find the voltage supplied by the source that allows a current of 60 mA in
all the circuit

82∗150
R11=82+150 = 300Ω

R12=R11+R5+R4=16+75+300=391Ω
R13=R3+R8=8.2+160=168.2Ω
391∗168.2
R14=R12+R13=391+168.2 = 117.6Ω
51∗130
R15=R9+R10=51+130 = 36.62Ω

Rt=R14+R15+R2+R1=117.6+36.62+3000+1000=4154.23Ω
13. Determine the necessary resistor value to give the output voltage a phase shift of -64o
14. Calculate the power factor of this circuit:

Then, calculate the size of the capacitor necessary to “correct” the power factor to a value
of 1.0, showing the best location of the capacitor in the circuit.
V= 480 AC
f= 60 HZ
R= 3.4
L= 0.02x10-3 H

W=2π 60 =120π

XL= WL= 120π * 9.02x10-3 π =3.4∠90º

Zt= 3.4∠0 º+3.4∠90º+0=4.808∠45o

I=339.41∠0º/4.808∠45º =70.59∠-45º

S=339.41∠0º*70.59∠-45=23950.97∠-45o
Fp= cos(-45º)= 0.707

S= 5cosθ +5senθ
=23959.97 * cos(-45o)+23459.97 * sen (-45o)
=16942.257- j16942.257

S2= 16942.257 + j 0
Xc2=Q= + j 16242.257
Sc2= j16942.257 = v2/Xc2
16942.257∠90º = (339.41)2∠0º/(1/wc∠90º)
Wc=86942.254∠90º x 1∠-90º / (339.41)2∠0º = 0.147

C= 0.147/120π= 3.9X10-4=0.39 μF
15. An industrial installation that is powered by a three-phase network (380 VL / 220 VF)
operating at 60 Hz, has the following loads:

Calefactores.
P=90*12000w
P=108Kw
Cos ө=P/s
Cos ө=1
Ө=0

Zeq=V˄2/S
Zeq=1.33
Cos(1)=0.99

I=p/v
I=284.21
S=Vx(l)
S=107.99k

Q=sen ө
Q=0
Φ=Cos˄-1 ө
0- Φ,E
MOTOR
Vf=220

VL=220*√3
VL=380
P=(735.39*100cv)/92%=79.93Kw
=79.93*3
=239.8Kw

16. An inductive AC load draws 13.4 amps of current at a voltage of 208 volts. The phase
shift between line voltage and line current is measured with an oscilloscope, and
determined to be 23o . Calculate the following:

 Apparent power (S) = 2.787 kVA

 True power (P) = 2.567 kW

 Reactive power (Q) = 1.089 kVAR

 Power factor = 0.921

An electrician suggests to you that the lagging power factor may be corrected by
connecting a capacitor in parallel with this load. If the capacitor is sized just right, it will
exactly offset the reactive power of the inductive load, resulting in zero total reactive power
and a power factor of unity (1). Calculate the size of the necessary capacitor in Farads,
assuming a line frequency of 60 Hz.
El valor del capacitor seria = 66.77 μF
S=V*I
S=208A*13.4A
S=2787.2 VA
P=S*cos ө
P=2782.2 VA*Cos(23)
P=2565.63w
Q=p*tan ө
Q=2565.63W*tan(23)
Q=1089 VAR
𝑃 2565.63𝑊
PF= 𝑆 = 2787.2𝑉𝐴
=0.92

17. Calculate all voltages, currents, and total power in this balanced Delta-Y system:

 V line = 2400v

 I line = 4.61A

 V phase(source) =1385.6V

 I phase(source) =2.66A

 V phase(load) =2400V

 Iphase(load) =4.61A
18. An AC load exhibits a lagging power factor of 0.73 at 230 VAC and 315 amps. If the
system frequency is 60 Hz, calculate the following:
Apparent power (S) = 72.45 kVA
True power (P) = 52.89 kW
Reactive power (Q) = 49.52 kVAR
Θ = 43.11o
Necessary parallel C size to correct power factor to unity =
2.483 μF
Fp=0.73
V=230V
I=315A
F= 60 H
θ=cos-1 (0.73o) =43.11º
S=230V*315A
S=VI =230V* 315 A = 72450A

S
Q

P= cosθ * S= cos(43.11O) * 72450= 52891.616 W

Q= senθ *S= sen(43.11O) * 72450= 49512.416 VAR
S= 52891.616 + 49512.416I
49512.416∠-90º=(230V)2 ∠0º / 1∠-90º/WC (W=120π)
WC= 49512.416∠-90º * ∠-90º/ (230 V)2 ∠0º
WC= 0.936
C=0.936/120π = 2.48μ, F

19. Complete the table of values for this circuit, representing all quantities in
complexnumber form: Show how you obtain the table values

15.36∠85.22 2.9∠175.32 5.5∠-4.68 2.5∠-4.68 5∠0

4.16*10-3 ∠0 2.1*10-2 ∠-90 1.1*10-2 ∠90 2.5*10-2 ∠90 1.28*10-2 ∠85.3
1200 ∠0 232.4∠90 430.29∠-90 195.58 ∠-90 1.1*10-2 ∠90

5V 5∠0
R=1.2 Ω 1200∠0
C1=1*10-6 F 1 430.16∠ − 90
∠ − 90
2324.7 ∗ 1𝑥10 − 6
L=1000mH 2324.7*100x10-3∠90 232.4∠90
C2=2.2*10-6 F 1 195.52∠ − 90
∠-90
2324.7∗2.2𝑥10−6
Ceq=C1+L
Ceq=430.16∠ − 90+232.4∠90
Ceq=197.76∠ − 90
Ceq2=Ceq1+R
=195.07∠ − 80.64
Ceq3=195.07∠ − 80.64+195.52∠ − 90
Ceq3=389.28∠ − 85.32
𝑉 5∠0
I= = = 1.28𝑥10 − 2∠85.32 ∗ 430.16∠ − 90 = 5.5∠ − 4.68
𝑍 389.28∠−85.32

I*Z2=V2=1.28x10-2∠85.32*232.4∠90=2.9∠-175.32
I*Z3=V3=2.5∠-4.68
I*Z4=V4=15.36∠85.32

𝑉
=𝐼= 1.1𝑋10-2∠90
𝑅1
𝑉
=𝐼= 2.1𝑋10-2∠ −90
𝑅2
𝑉
=𝐼= 2.5𝑋10-2∠90
𝑅3
𝑉
=𝐼= 4.16𝑋10-3∠0
𝑅4