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Chapter I
Introduction
As the global population increase, the demand for food and other
the local and national authorities as the growth of population continue to rise
and consumption patterns change. Waste are classified as one of the major
waste disposal that cause all types of pollution. These wastes are all the
such as the livestock industries that contribute to the large volumes of waste
water and solid waste that could be beneficial or harmful to the environment.
January 2000, former President Arroyo signed the legal basis for systematic,
act purposely made to maintain the natural resources and to protect public
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health by declaring legal implications that will limit individual to avoid improper
waste disposal and by providing incentives that will increase the eagerness
these serves as common livelihood in the municipality and the demand for
formers considered as a threat to the natural resources that may also cause
to commit prohibited acts under the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
because most of the livestock owners are not fully aware about the national
Livestock Owners on the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and to give
said Act.
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Theoretical Framework
of individuals and their intention to act. The authors of this theory asserted
that the control directly affects an individual’s attitudes which can lead to an
This theory was first used in 1987 and was popularized by Hines
explained the five variables or the model which are intention to act, locus of
person would adopt a behavior or not. And the present study discussed about
Management which are the solid waste management, prohibited acts and
Conceptual Framework
The paradigm in Figure 1 presents the framework and the flow on how
the study was conducted. The first box pertains to the input of the research
Solid Waste Management Act. The second box pertains to the process of the
research study. This pertains to the survey questionnaire and interview which
were both used by the researchers. The third box pertains to the output of the
Figure 1
Hypothesis
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.5 Location
2.3 Incentives
3. How can the Livestock Owners can raise Awareness on the Ecological
Awareness on the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and the profile
variables?
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. This study included the solid waste
materials, prohibited acts, penalties and incentives. These variables were the
This study limited its respondents to 50 Livestock Owners within the area
of Ibaan, Batangas.
owners. Since the study was conducted in Ibaan Batangas, livestock owners
groups of individuals.
Livestock Owners. This study would help them be aware of the legal
Definition of Terms
Livestock. Farm animals (such as pigs, chickens, and cows) that are kept,
2019) In this study, it refers or use to help and handle a livestock and
Solid Waste. Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste
and regulations.
Chapter II
This chapter presents the related literature and studies which were
reviewed and helped the researchers fully understand the topic being
In technical note, the term ‘solid waste’ is used to include all non-
liquid wastes generated by human activity and a range of solid waste material
resulting from the disaster, such as general domestic garbage such as food
garbage; emergency waste such as plastic water bottles and packing from
other emergency supplies; rubble resulting from the disaster; mud and slurry
deposited by the natural disaster; and allen trees and rocks obstructing
waste from hospitals and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be dealt
with urgently, but they are not covered by this technical note (World Health
Organization,2011).
feces along the creeks and rivers; throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public
recyclable materials and special solid wastes will be brought to the material
barangay (Saley,2012).
Legal Implications
Aiken (2001) stated that any livestock operations of less than 300 units
an inspection unless there has been a confirmed discharge into waters of the
livestock operation there is a high potential for a discharge into waters of the
state in which case the department shall notify the owner of the livestock
operation by certified mail that the owner is subject to the requirements of the
without even obtaining first the construction permits from the department; No
which the livestock waste control facility is designed. In addition, the permit
permit, for a livestock waste control facility upon finding that the applicant is
generating activity. In the modern meat industry, the farmers contracting with
integrators do not raise their livestock in the green large are where animals
feed on the grass. Today, most of the livestock owners raise the animals in a
close confine that some critics call these operations “factory farms”. The
One is through spreading too much manure on fields and through spilling
clean water Act acted. The law give different regulations in which livestock
Abdalla (2002) stated that as the Hog industry structure has been
mid-west to the south and move recently to the great plains and west. Growth
in production and processing has been specially strong in Southern state and
environmental constraints.
The researcher predicted that Hog production will shift to areas with
fewer environmental rules. It shows that economic factors along with other
would change indirectly provide a basic for influencing the structural change
technology producer risk, and geographic location. The major emphasis here
will be on the third dimension of the conflict, the content of the problems that
have been the consequences of the industrialization process that have led to
Incentives
enhance crop production, generate cash incomes for rural and urban
(GDP) of their respective countries. The review also shows that while the
ratio is rising. In terms of meat production, the region is a major global player
and market, in other cases, production systems, breed choice and consumer
have been distorted by local, national and international policy. Such distortion
property rights).
AnGR conservation and sustainable use is far less advance in most countries
observation that the animal is the most crucial part in the biological production
feeding supply etc.) that does not measure anything on the most important
is the recognition that each individual animal is such as CIT system. This
system.
appropriate way. The best way to handle this time-variant character of all the
(Berckmans,2004).
Shadow so as to help raise the attention of both the technical and the general
change and air pollution, to land, soil, water degradation, and to the reduction
of biodiversity.
framework for gauging the significant and dynamic role of the livestock sector
Related Studies
outbreaks: the aim of this study was to identify limitation and incentive in
Fever (CSF), to veterinary authorities with the ultimate aim to facilitate early
system. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection. Survey and interview questionnaire were used for collecting data
The study of Kusiluka, Gallet, and Mtwa (2012) entitled Animal Waste
Health Risks aimed to assess the practices of the selected livestock owners
animal waste management. It was found that the majority of the respondents
countries such as South Africa. Findings showed that cost and ease of
Zoonoses. It was found that the behavior of household with pets or livestock
is good and should be created for other zoonoses aside from rabies, Lassa
State. The method used in this study is a multi-stage sampling procedure that
was employed to the select 60 respondents of the study. They found that the
Owners in an Urban Setting: The Case of Grahams town, South Africa aimed
Urban Setting, using Grahams town as a case study. It was found that the
economic farming is done in order to gain a profit, thus food is provided using
management context, as they suggest that the government should take a key
this study, farm visit and a structure, pretested and peer reviewed
questionnaire were used for collecting data pertaining to farm location, stock
type, stocking density, husbandry methods, and waste disposal method, from
In data analysis, descriptive research design was used. The results of this
study revealed that the use of animal wastes as manure for farmlands or
outright dumping in the bushes, garbage sites or open lands were the most
It was found that even households have septic tanks or sanitation facilities,
health seeking behavior among child livestock farmers. The results revealed
that children were major source of farm labor in the livestock farm, supporting
the previous studies. All child livestock farmers in the study participated in
less risky farm activities such as feeding and herding while some were active
Synthesis
The study of Mensah is similar to the current study because they both
aspects are different since the previous study used simple random technique
as the sampling technique while the current study used purposive sampling
United States while the present study used 50 livestock owners in Ibaan,
Batangas.
The study of Gilber is similar to the current study since both studies
instrument. Meanwhile, they are different in some aspects since the previous
study focused on facilitating early defection of classical swine fever while the
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9003. They also differ in terms of respondents, the former study used
veterinary authorities and practitioners, and small group of pig farmers while
The present study and the study by Munavar are similar because they
instrument. However, they differ because the previous study aimed to study
two types of agro pastoral system while the current study aimed to determine
They also differ in terms of respondents because the previous study used 80
The present study and the study by Kasiluka, Gallet and Mtwa are
However, they are different because the previous study used a semi-
respondents.
The present study and the study by Sankar are similar because both
studies tackled about livestock waste management. Both studies used mixed
Meanwhile, they differ because the previous study aimed to evaluate current
Act.
the residents. On the other hand, some aspects are different since the
awareness level of the residents on Zoonoses, while the current study aimed
Waste Management Act. They also differ in the number of respondents used,
the previous study had 246 respondents while in the present study, the
they both used mixed method as their research design and livestock owners
as their respondents. On the other hand, some aspects are different since
while the current study aimed to determine the awareness of livestock owners
on the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. They are also different in
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The present study and the study of Iheke are similar because both
studies discussed the livestock waste management practices. They are also
similar because both used livestock owners as their respondents and well
farmers in Abia State, while the current study aimed to determine the
Management Act. They also differ in the number of the respondents used;
the previous study used 60 respondents while the present study used 50
respondents.
because they both discussed about the waste method or practices used by
the livestock owners. Both studies used livestock owners as the subject of
the study and survey questionnaire as the instrument. On the other hand,
some aspects are different since the previous study aimed to identify the
Owners on the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. They also differ in
research design used. The previous study used descriptive research design
while the current study used mixed method as a research design of the study.
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In addition, they are unlike because of the number of respondents used, the
previous study had 59 respondents while in the current study, the researchers
had 50 respondents.
The study of Nieva and the current study are similar because both
studies used mixed method as research design and survey questionnaire and
below 18 years old while the current study focused on 18 years old and
above. Also, the previous study aimed to describe the health hazard
The study of Madrigal and Oracion is related to the current study since
they both focused on solid waste management. They are also similar
random sampling technique. Whereas, the present study used mixed method
Chapter III
Research Methods
Research Design
techniques, integrate findings and draw inferences from both qualitative and
quantitative components.
being studied.
Sampling Procedure
Instrument
The instrument that was used in order to collect the data and
questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of two parts. The first part
contains the profile variables of the respondents. The second part of the
items. Five items for solid waste management, five items for legal
implications and five items for incentives. The researchers used English and
in Ibaan.
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In order to obtain more information that are needed and are related
to the study, the researchers search for the sources like related unpublished
barangays in Ibaan to get permission from the barangay captains for the
conduct of the survey and interview. After that the researchers started
the respondents had already finished answering those. The data collected
Data Analysis
were used to determine the profile of livestock owners based on their age,
Ranking. This was used to show the positional importance of the items to
be analyzed.
Likert Scale
Range Verbal
Interpretation
CHAPTER 4
Table 1.1
Total 50 100
respondents according to age. It can be seen from the table that 3 or 6.0 of
the respondents are 18-22 years old, 2 or 4.0 are 23-27 years old, 4 or 8.0
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are 28-32 years old, 3 or 6.0 are 33-37 years old, 9 or 18.0 are 38-43 years
old, 13 or 26.0 are 44-49 years old and 16 or 32.0 are 50 years old and
above.
It shows that majority of the respondents are 50 years old and above.
Table 1.2
of Sex
Male 36 72.0
Female 14 28.0
Total 50 100
respondents.
Table 1.3
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of Years Operating
Total 50 100.0
the table that 8 or 16.0% of the respondents are have been operating 1 year
and below, 15 or 30.0 % have been operating for 4-5 years, 3 or 6.0% have
been operating 6-7 years, 4 or 8.0% have been operating to 8-9 years and
Table1.4
Livestock
Pig 12 24.0
Chicken 16 32.0
Cow 16 32.0
Goat 1 2.0
Carabao 1 2.0
Duck 4 8.0
Total 50 100.0
table that 12 or 24.0 % of the respondents are raising pigs, 16 or 32.0 % are
raising chicken, 16 or 32.0 are raising cow, 1 or 2.0% are raising goat, 1 or
cows.
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Table 1.5
to Location
Bungahan 9 18.0
Coliat 16 32.0
Calamias 9 18.0
Malainin 16 32.0
Total 50 100.0
respondents according to age. It can be seen from the table that 9 or 18.0
of the respondents are from Bungahan, 16 or 32.0 are from Coliat, 9 or 18.0
Malainin.
Management Act.
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Table 2.1
Respondents Awareness on Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act in terms of Solid Waste Management
Items Weighted Verbal Ra
Mean Interpretati nk
on
1. Solid Waste Management shall refer to the discipline 3.34 Aware 4
associated with the control of generation, disposal of solid
waste manner that is in accord with the best principles of
public health, and other environmental consideration that is
also responsive to the attitudes ( Ang pamamahala sa basura
at dumi ng hayop ay dapat na maisangguri upang ang mga
parusa na may kaugnayan sa pamamahala ng tao at
pagtatapon ng mga dumi at basura sa paraan na may
kaugnay sa alituntunin ng publichealth at pagsasaalang-alang
sa kapaligiran na tumutugon sa mga kilos ng bawat
indibidwal).
2. The site should be large enough to accommodate the 3.28 Aware 5
community’s wastes which people must internalize the value
of environmentally sound and sustainable solid waste disposal
(Ang lugar na pinagtatayuan ng tagpuan ng basura at duming
hayop ay nararapat na maging Malaki at malawak upang
mapaglagyan ng basura at duming hayop sa komunidad kung
saan mapapangasiwaan ng bawat indibidwal at kahalagahan
ng pinagkukunang yaman at tamang pagtatapon ng basura).
3. There are strategies and methods to improve solid waste 3.44 Aware 2
facilities to reduce adverse impact on health and the
environment. (Mayroong mga estratihiya at pamamaraan para
mapaayos ang pasilidad na pinaglalagyan ng mga basura at
dumi ng hayop upang mabawasan ang masamang dulot nito
sa ating kalusugan at kapaligiran).
livestock owners are aware about the solid waste management that
It can be observed from the table that from among the 5 solid waste
The first item is the waste collection by manual scrapping with spade,
sweeping and floor washing using water hoses and using of mechanical
scrappers with a weighted mean of 3.46. The second item is there are
impact on health and the environment with a weighted mean of 3.44. The
third item is there are various techniques for efficient utilization of the animal
application in field and use to feed fishes and fish ponds with the weighted
mean of 3.36.
Also, the livestock owners are aware that solid waste management
disposal of solid waste manner that is in accord with the best principles of
to the attitudes with a weighted mean of 3.34. Lastly, the site should be
Results indicate that livestock owners are aware on the different solid
about the different ways and practices in terms of solid waste management.
participation relies of the people relies on the political will of the government
to implement its policies and to educate its people. This is why it all boils
Table 2.2
Penal Provisions
2.952 indicates that livestock owners are aware on the fines, penalties and
prohibited acts and under the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.
It can be seen from the table that all items were interpreted as aware
established and operated, nor any practice of waste disposal by any person
which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid waste with a weighted
thereof with a weighted mean of 3.18. The third rank item is any person who
conviction, be punished with a fine not less than one hundred thousand but
not more than one million pesos or imprisonment not less than one year but
not more than six years with a weighted mean of 2.82. The fourth rank item
rank item, any person who violated the use of open dumps for the first time
shall upon conviction, pay a five hundred thousand pesos plus and amount
not less than five percent but not more than ten percent of his net annual
owners are aware on different penal provision under the Solid Waste
Management Act. One of the reasons why livestock owners are aware
livestock. Even though some of the respondents did not have a formal
the years they’ve been doing it help them to be aware on what would be the
Table 2.3
mean of 3. 66 dictated that livestock owners are highly aware about the
It can be observed from the table that from among the 5 incentives
all items were interpreted as aware by the livestock owners. The first item is
reduction of solid waste with a weighted mean of 3.08. The second item is
mean of 3.03. The third is, there are government financial institution that
Insurance System) with a weighted mean o7f 2.90. The fourth rank is the
engaged in the solid waste from livestock with a weighted mean of 2.78.
management shall be exempted from all internal revenue taxes and custom
incentives of the Solid Waste Management Act. Because they are all aware
that government official will give incentives to those livestock owners that
follows the act to encourage them to follow the provision. According to Gera
(2015), economic incentives are one of the important elements that shape
ang bahala.”
Informant 3. “ Ako nama’y may alam jan ang akin nga laang
kung akoy may alam, duon may alam naman at syempre dine
riyan.
hindi alam.
facilitated by our municipality that will help livestock owners to increase their
knowledge on how to properly manage solid wastes. And at the same time,
this will raise the knowledge of every owners towards the rampant
environmental contamination such the air, water and land pollution caused
fines, prohibited acts, and penalties will restrict the livestock owners in
the livestock owners about Republic Act 9003. It is needed because there
are some informants that are not fully aware about some aspects of the act.
Conducting such activities will help to increase the knowledge of the owners
about the proper solid waste management, penal provisions that will
incentives that will encourage livestock owners to follow the act. According
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education and information campaign that will surely obtain the citizen’s
variables. It can be seen from the table that the relationship of the age with
70.095 and 60.196 respectively and P-value of .000 which was lower than
the level of significance of 0.05 therefore, the null hypothesis among the
P-value of .000 which was lower than the level of significance of 0.05 and is
It can also be seen from table that the third variable, the number of
The results from previous variables are the same to the types of
was lower than the level of significance of 0.05. similar from the previous
obtained a chi square value of 14.460, 20.810 and 31.294 respectively and
has a p-value of 0.000 and 0.0002 which were lower than the level of
the respondents as to age. The higher the age the more they are
Recommendation
Based on the findings, the researchers came up with the following
recommendations:
Table 5.1
Proposed Recommendation
CHAPTER V
Summary
1.1 Age
percentage of 32.0.
1.2 Sex
72.0.
1.5 Location
Management Act
Management
and floor washing using water hoses and use of mechanical scrappers.
sa paglilinis). It is the first in rank with a weighted mean of 3.46 and was
item was first in rank and with weighted mean 3.30 and was verbally
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nabubulok na basura. Maaring pera, sertipiko ng pag kilala at iba pa). This
item was first in rank and got a weighted mean of 3.08 and was verbally
the owners about the proper solid waste management, penal provisions that
will restrain the owners in doing improper waste disposal and different
Penal Provisions and Incentives, which was lower than the level of
Penal Provisions and Incentives, which was lower than the level of
Penal Provisions and Incentives, which was lower than the level of
Penal Provisions and Incentives, which was lower than the level of
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Penal Provisions and Incentives, which was lower than the level of
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, the following are the conclusion arrive it.
Management Act.
findings.
RECOMMENDATIONS
area.
References
Published Materials
Aralangy,T. & Zerger, S. (2014). CRICH Survey Research Unit Methodology Bits.
Retrieved
from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308762420_Mixed_Metho
d_Designs
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com.ph/books/about/lives
tock_S_Long_Shadow.Html?id=1BLQQkm_Qmc&PRINTSEC=FRONTCOVER&S
OURCE=KP_read_button&redir_esc=y
Unpublished Materials
Abiola, J. O & Olaogun, S.C. (2016). Livestock Waste Management Practices in Oyo
State, Nigeria, Retrieve from
https://www.premierpublisher.org,/SSN:1936-8798.com
Awonsaya, E.J & Akande H. (2015). Animal Health Care Seeking Behavior of Pets
or livestock Owners and Knowledge and
Awareness on Zooneses in a University Community. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nib.gov
https://www.coursehero.com/file/36/96501/3-CHAPTER2-
LITERATURE-REVIEWpdf/
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Valderrama, A. (2013). 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan for the Municipality
of Rizal, Laguna, Philippines
(doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271854622_10-
Year_Solid_Waste_Management_Plan_for_the_Municipality_of_Riz
al_Laguna_Philippines
Interview