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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Irrigation System Powered by Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

In the recent decades, consumption of energy within the world has had a prosperous

trend. Energy sources are classified into three batches: first is the fossil fuels, second is the

renewable sources and the third is the nuclear sources, wherein the latter includes an enormous

portion of energy consumption and could be categorized into two major classifications: Nuclear

and fossil energy, Fossil fuels negatively influence the nature owing to the emission of carbon

dioxide. It follows logically from what has been said that the consumption of fossil fuels has

severely imperiled human life through its drastic aftermaths, such as global warming and

atmospheric pollution. In addition, there have been struggles in farmers in continuously feeding

water to plants. Some are lost on the track of time and some are tired and constantly forgets to

feed their plants equally

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that drives an electric current

by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. Bacteria breathes

electrons and the product starts to collect all the electrons that will be used as energy. MFC

represents a promising technology for renewable energy production. The performance of MFC

depends on a complex of technical and mechanical parameters that need to be improved and

adapted for system conditions in order to develop the most efficient and practical device. The

microbial fuel cell has 2 chambers which is called the anode and the cathode. Microbial

production of electricity may become an important source of bioenergy in future because MFCs

offer the possibility of extracting electric current from a wide range of soluble or dissolved

complex organic wastes and renewable biomass. However, the materials used in these devices

are still not economic and researchers use different materials as cathode and anode in MFCs.

And the amount of electricity produced is still small compared to the electricity produced by
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

other bioenergy source just like in solar energies and the microbial fuel cell still has a limit on

the range of how long it lasts. The only maximum amount of volts a microbial fuel cell can

produce is three volts which results to small numbers of what it can produce. A microbial fuel

cell has a limitation on how long it can last. (Rahimnejad,et.al,2015)

Based on this problem the researchers wanted to know the microbial fuel cells potential

in being a power source in irrigation systems. The researchers aim was to make microbial fuel

cell as a source in energy in an automatic irrigation systems. The researchers used microbes in

producing energy using microbial fuel cell.

Continuous Electricity Generation from Domestic Wastewater and Organic Substrates in a

Flat Plate Microbial Fuel Cell by Booki Min and Bruce E. Logan (2004)

The study talks about converting organic matter to electricity continuously. The

electricity generation using the FPMFC was examined by continuously feeding solution

containing wastewater into the anode chamber. The researchers have put the wastewater into the

anode chamber and water to the cathode chamber. Power generation was sustained at high rates

with several organic substrates (all at ∼1000 mg COD/L), including glucose (212 ± 2 mW/m2),

acetate (286 ± 3 mW/m2), butyrate (220 ± 1 mW/m2), dextran (150 ± 1 mW/m2), and starch

(242 ± 3 mW/m2). And the versatility of power generation in s MFC with a variety of organic

substrates and shows that power can be generated of a small amount of rate in a continuous flow

reactor system.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Electricity Generation Using on Air Cathode Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell in the

Presence and Absence of a Proton Exchange Membrane. by Hong Liu, and Bruce E. Logan

(2004)

The study’s purpose is to generate electricity using air cathode microbial fuel cell and to

test the absence of proton exchange membrane. The researcher recommended the electricity

generation using an air membrane cathode microbial fuel cell in the presence and absence of a

proton exchange membranes. The power output increased with glucose concentration according

to saturation-type kinetics, with a half saturation constant of 79 mg/L with the PEM-MFC and

103 mg/L in the MFC without a PEM (1000 Ω resistor) and the 28 ± 3 mW/m2 (0.7 ± 0.1

mW/L) (28% Coulombic efficiency) was produced with the PEM, and 146 ± 8 mW/m2 (3.7 ±

0.2 mW/L) (20% Coulombic efficiency) was produced when the PEM was removed.

Production of Electricity During Wastewater Treatment Using a Single Chamber

Microbial Fuel Cell (SCMFC) by Hong Liu, Ramanathan Ramnarayanan, and Bruce E.

Logan (2004)

The study has a purpose of producing electricity from domestic wastewater. The system

operated under continuous flow conditions with primary clarifier effluent obtained from a local

wastewater. The reactor generated electrical power while removing 80% of the COD of the

wastewater. Power output was proportional to the hydraulic retention time over a range of 3−33

h and to the influent wastewater strength over a range of 50−220 mg/L of COD. Current

generation was controlled primarily by the efficiency of the cathode. Optimal cathode

performance was obtained by allowing passive air flow rather than forced air flow. It was

indicated that a substantial fraction of the organic matter was lost without current generation.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Mediator-less Microbial Fuel Cell Using a Metal Reducing Bacterium, Shewanella

Putrefaciens by Hyung JooKim, Hyung SooPark, Moon Sik Hyun, In Seop Chang, Mia

Kim, Byung Hong Kim (2002)

The electron was transferred directly from different Shewanella putrefaciens strains to an

electrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry and a fuel cell type electrochemical cell. Both

methods determine the electrochemical activity of the bacterium without any electrochemical

mediators. The concentration of the electron donor in the anode compartment determined the

current generation capacity and potential development in the microbial fuel cell. the high

concentration of the bacteria (0.47 g dry cell weight/liter) and an electrode that has large surface

area (apparent area: 50 cm2) were used, relatively high Coulombic yield (over 3 C for 12 h) was

obtained from the bacteria.

Low Power Cost Effective Automatic Irrigation System by Sandeep Nallani and V. Berlin

Hency (2015)

The study’s objective is to develop a low cost power effective sensor based automatic

irrigation system which is integrated to the microcontroller unit. The sensors used in this paper

are soil temperature sensor and humidity sensor SHT1X. The sensors are interfaced to the

Wireless Sensing Unit (WSU) and the entire unit was placed under the soil. The irrigation system

is tested under various temperatures and different levels of humidity for several plants in all

conditions. The soil moisture sensor limits the water content in a particular area.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Environmental Impact: How Our Waste Water Impacts The Earth Around Us

There are many bad effects of wastewater on the environment, one of its effect is the

danger of sea creatures, when wastewaters are not treated well it might lead to contamination of

homes of sea creature and plants. Toxic materials will kill fish and aquatic plants, but even

regular sewage will harm aquatic life. Regular organic waste contains large amounts of

phosphorus and other fertilizing compounds. This can stimulate an overgrowth of algae and other

aquatic plants. The Dangers Of Untreated Water On Groundwater And Humans, is also to be

remembered because of wastewaters containing pathogens that can cause serious infections in

humans. This includes infections such as typhoid and cholera. Wastewaters can also effect foods

and crops because in small amounts, these metals are not harmful, but they are usually heavily

concentrated in wastewater. If the water is not properly treated, then the metals will be deposited

in the soil and consumed by plants. ProudGreenHome.(2017, March)

Issues Facing the Wastewater Industry

These past years wastewaters issues are also emerging because of funding concerns

which leads to lack of utilities that should be used as wastewater treatments. Water scarcity has

also been one of the issues because scarcity and conservation issues rated quite differently by

geographical area. Because of people lacking knowledge about the effect of consumption to

water, the rate of consumption of water and the number of wastewater has increased. In addition,

aging infrastructure also makes big effect on wastewater industries. Aging infrastructure, which

includes pipelines, tunnels, dams, pumping, storage and treatment facilities has been forlorn by

the government. West, J.(2013, November 5)

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment

In these years innovations in wastewaters has also been increasing with the help of

companies, government and to people who has been making protests about the increase of

wastewater in countries. It has now been recognised that the potential energy in domestic

wastewater is in excess of the energy required for its full treatment and thus energy recovery was

one of the first technologies to be adopted on a wide scale. The success of this approach has

meant that energy neutral wastewater treatment will be a real possibility within the next two

decades.

Leeds University Business School, (2016, March)

Statement of the problem

The researchers aim to determine the microbial fuel cell’s potential on being a power

source to the irrigation system’s power.

Hypotheses

The research work will be anchored on the following Null and Alternative forms

Hₒ= The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has no potential in powering up an irrigation system.

Hₐ= The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has a potential in powering up an irrigation system.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Significance of the study

The researchers came up with this study to benefit the people because of the energy it can

use in a person’s daily life. It will also lessen the amount of electricity they use from a different

source of energy, just like geothermal energy and many more. In addition to that, it will even

help numbers of people who are in rural area that were unable to have electricity. The study will

also help increase the number of water reused or will be used again.

The future researchers will also benefit because, it will help them gather more

information about topics involving microbial fuel cell. It might also give them much easier

access on knowing the amount of energy it gives. It might also help them to innovate microbial

fuel cells technology more.

The environment will also be benefited because this study might help the decrease of

wastewaters in sea, lakes and other water forms. The study will also help decrease the death rate

of aquatic animals because of the effect of wastewaters. It will also save more or reuse more

water for the people to use and it might also lessen the chance of water pollution. Aside from

these, it will help the farmers to lessen the areas wastewater, so that the plants can have less

contamination.

Scope and Limitation

The study only focuses on the potentiality of microbial fuel cell’s ability to produce

energy for the support of power in irrigation systems and on how long the product works in a

given time.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Materials and methods

This part describes the procedure and methods which was used in the preparation for the

product and the experimentation that has been conducted.

Research design

In this study, the researchers used the single group design. In which the researchers only

tested the potentiality of the microbial fuel cell to the system.

Research Materials

In conducting the study’s experimentations and product, the researchers needed a

microbe (rich sludge)(32 litres), four containers that can contain 16 litres, aluminium mesh(W

189 inch, H 128 inch), gauge wire 14 AWG, distilled water(32 litres), Salt, waterproof sealant,

cutter, Volt meter, Arduino Uno, Soil Humidity Moisture Sensor Module Soil Hygrometer, pipe

284 inches, Field(two by one meter), a hacksaw, Water pump, Relay module, and Soldering Iron.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Assembling the two

Gathering of materials chambers

Assembly of materials Putting the

for the irrigation distilledwater with salt
system to the cathode and the
waste water to the
anode chamber

programming the Connecting or wires

irrigation system

Applying the microbial

Collecting of data fuel cell to the
irrigation system

Figure 1. Flowchart
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Research Procedure

The procedure was started by gathering all materials, and assembling the two chambers,

the anode and the cathode. The researchers cut five aluminium mesh based from the width and

the height of the container and using an electrical tape and a wire, stick the wire on top of the

aluminium mesh and apply it to the rest. The researchers placed five cut aluminium mesh evenly,

and vertically inside the container. After that, the researchers poured the microbes evenly inside

the container until the microbes reaches the top of the aluminium mesh, then it was combined

with all the wires until the end of the wires are all as one, the energy from the wire was the

product of the cathode chamber. Then cut five ropes in five inches that has been boiled with salt

and agar inside the bridges in the middle of the anode chamber and cathode chamber.

On the anode chamber, cut another aluminium mesh into five, based on the width and the

height of the container. Then, using an electrical tape and a wire, the researchers stuck the wire

on top of the aluminium mesh and applied it to the rest. The researchers Placed six cut

aluminium mesh evenly, and vertically inside the container and poured distilled water inside it

until the distilled water reaches the top of the aluminium mesh then the researchers put salt in

each container. Join all the wires together, to make them all as one. The energy from the wire

was the product of the anode chamber. The researchers Used a Volt meter to test how much it

can produce.

The researchers Started setting up the irrigation system sample by gathering its materials.

After that, start using the submersible water pump and connect water pump from a container

which will be a water source for the Irrigation system to the other hose for the Irrigation system.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

The researchers started programming the irrigation system sample using the Arduino

Uno. Based on your program, start connecting the wires which depends on what pin have you

assigned including the sensor and the Soil Humidity Moisture Sensor Module Soil Hygrometer.

Start cutting the hose by four pieces, once piece is 2 meters long then the rest are one meter

long. Then connect the two meter hose into the other side for the submersible water pump. The

researchers put water proof sealant around the end of the hose connection to avoid loss in water.

Then, start making small holes evenly so that the water will be released to the soil of the plants.

When the product is done, start testing the experiment and start collecting data.

Risks and Safety

The study about the irrigation support system powered by microbial fuel cell has rules to

keep you safe and to avoid you from errors. You must be careful on connecting wires because it

might cause errors on the product. You also have to be careful of typing the programs on the

irrigation system to avoid failures in uploading. And the last is that you must always be clean.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Data Analysis

This study will use chi square test for independence in computing the study on the Microbial

Fuel Cell (MFC) because the researchers only want to see if there is a potential using the

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) in an Irrigation system.

Where 𝛼 = 0.05

Critical Value = 3.841

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Schematic Diagram

Cathode Anode

ee
Soil
Moistur
Arduino
e Sensor
UNO
Module
Soil
Hygrom
eter

Relay
module

Submersi
ble
Water
pump

Container
with
water
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter contains the presentations, analysis and interpretation of the

results in the experiment.

Table 1: Numbers of hours when the Irrigation System is HIGH (The Irrigation system when
turned on) or LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off).

HIGH LOW
(The Irrigation system when
(The Irrigation system when turned off)

turned on)

Observed Number of Hours 80 40

Table 1 Showed the result of having 80 hours of HIGH (The Irrigation system when

turned on) and 40 hours of LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off) in 120 hours of

experimentation with the expected value of 60 in HIGH (The Irrigation system when turned on)

and LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off).

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Conclusion

The conclusion can be drawn based on the findings of the study:

The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has a potential in powering up an irrigation system.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are offered to

improve this study.

1. Conduct a further study involving Microbial Fuel Cells.

2. Innovate or invent a study involving Irrigation system

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Bibliography

Hency,V.B., Nallani,S.,(2015). Low Power Cost Effective Automatic Irrigation System.

Retrieved from http://www.indjst.org/index.php/indjst/article/view/79973

Kim,H.B., Kim,H.J., et.al.(2002). Mediator-less microbial fuel cell using a metal reducing

bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens. Retrieved from

https://ukm.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-mediator-less-microbial-fuel-cell-using-

a-metal-reducing-bacter

Leeds University Bussiness School,(2016, March). Innovations in Wastewater Treatment.

Retrieved from March, 22, 2016, from

https://www.aquaenviro.co.uk/events/conferences/innovations-in-wastewater-treatment/

Liu, H., Logan, E.B.(2004). Electricity generation using on air cathode single chamber microbial

fuel cell in the presence and absence of a proton exchange membrane. Retrieved from

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0499344

Min, B., Logan, E.B.(2004). Continuous Electricity Generation from Domestic Wastewater and

Organic Substrates in a Flat Plate Microbial Fuel Cell. Retrieved from

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0491026

Ramnarayanan,R. Liu, H., Logan, E.B.,(2004). Production of electricity during wastewater

treatment using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) . Retrieved from

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es034923g

PROUDGREENHOME. (2017, March). Environmental Impact: How Our Waste Water Impacts

The Earth Around Us. Retrieved from March, 16, 2017, from
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

https://www.proudgreenhome.com/news/environmental-impact-how-our-waste-water-

impacts-the-earth-around-us Top 10 Issues Facing the Wastewater Industry/

West, J.(2013, November). Top 10 Issues Facing the Wastewater Industry. Retrieved from

November, 5, 2013, from

https://www.tpomag.com/online_exclusives/2013/11/top_10_issues_facing_the_wastewa

ter_industry
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

APPENDICES
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Appendix A: Photo Documentation

Making of the Anode

and Cathode Chamber Gathering of Microbes

Connecting the MFC 12th hour in the

to the Voltometer MFC observations

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

7th hour in the MFC observation

Calibrating, programming and connecting

Of wires in the Irrigation System

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Appendix B : Results and Certificates

Table 1: Numbers of hours when the Irrigation System is HIGH (The Irrigation system when
turned on) or LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off).

HIGH LOW
(The Irrigation system when
(The Irrigation system when turned off)

turned on)

Observed Number of Hours 80 40

Table 2: Hours of the Experiment with the amount of Volts and when the Irrigation System is
HIGH (The Irrigation system when turned on) or LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off).

HIGH (The Irrigation

Number of Hour Amount of Volts system when turned on) or
LOW(The Irrigation system
when turned off)
1 0 LOW
2 0 LOW
3 1 LOW
4 1 LOW
5 2 LOW
6 3 LOW
7 3 LOW
8 4 LOW
9 4 LOW
10 5 LOW
11 5 LOW
12 6 LOW
13 7 LOW
14 7 LOW
15 7 LOW
16 8 LOW
17 9 HIGH
18 9 HIGH
19 9 HIGH
20 9 HIGH
21 9 HIGH
22 9 HIGH
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

23 9 HIGH
24 9 HIGH
25 9 HIGH
26 9 HIGH
27 9 HIGH
28 9 HIGH
29 9 HIGH
30 10 HIGH
31 10 HIGH
32 10 HIGH
33 10 HIGH
34 10 HIGH
35 10 HIGH
36 10 HIGH
37 10 HIGH
38 10 HIGH
39 11 HIGH
40 11 HIGH
41 11 HIGH
42 11 HIGH
43 11 HIGH
44 11 HIGH
45 11 HIGH
46 12 HIGH
47 12 HIGH
48 12 HIGH
49 12 HIGH
50 12 HIGH
51 12 HIGH
52 12 HIGH
53 11 HIGH
54 11 HIGH
55 10 HIGH
56 10 HIGH
57 10 HIGH
58 10 HIGH
59 10 HIGH
60 11 HIGH
61 10 HIGH
62 10 HIGH
63 10 HIGH
64 11 HIGH
65 10 HIGH
66 10 HIGH
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

67 10 HIGH
68 10 HIGH
69 10 HIGH
70 10 HIGH
71 10 HIGH
72 10 HIGH
73 10 HIGH
74 10 HIGH
75 10 HIGH
76 10 HIGH
77 10 HIGH
78 9 HIGH
79 9 HIGH
80 9 HIGH
81 9 HIGH
82 9 HIGH
83 9 HIGH
84 9 HIGH
85 9 HIGH
86 9 HIGH
87 9 HIGH
88 9 HIGH
89 9 HIGH
90 9 HIGH
91 9 HIGH
92 9 HIGH
93 9 HIGH
94 9 HIGH
95 9 HIGH
96 9 HIGH
97 9 HIGH
98 8 LOW
100 8 LOW
101 7 LOW
102 7 LOW
103 6 LOW
104 5 LOW
105 5 LOW
106 4 LOW
107 3 LOW
108 2 LOW
109 2 LOW
110 1 LOW
111 0 LOW
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

112 0 LOW
113 0 LOW
114 0 LOW
115 0 LOW
116 0 LOW
117 0 LOW
118 0 LOW
119 0 LOW
120 0 LOW

Table 3: Hour where the Irrigation System is activated because of lack of moisture in the Soil

Hour ACTIVATED (the irrigation system was

activated because of lack of moisture in the
soil) or DEACTIVATED(the irrigation
system was not activated yet still working
because the soil does not lack water.)
17 DEACTIVATED
18 ACTIVATED
19 DEACTIVATED
20 DEACTIVATED
21 DEACTIVATED
22 DEACTIVATED
23 ACTIVATED
24 DEACTIVATED
25 DEACTIVATED
26 DEACTIVATED
27 ACTIVATED
28 DEACTIVATED
29 DEACTIVATED
30 DEACTIVATED
31 DEACTIVATED
32 DEACTIVATED
33 DEACTIVATED
34 ACTIVATED
35 DEACTIVATED
36 DEACTIVATED
37 DEACTIVATED
38 DEACTIVATED
39 DEACTIVATED
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

40 DEACTIVATED
41 ACTIVATED
42 DEACTIVATED
43 DEACTIVATED
44 ACTIVATED
45 ACTIVATED
46 DEACTIVATED
47 DEACTIVATED
48 DEACTIVATED
49 ACTIVATED
50 DEACTIVATED
51 DEACTIVATED
52 ACTIVATED
53 DEACTIVATED
54 DEACTIVATED
55 DEACTIVATED
56 DEACTIVATED
57 ACTIVATED
58 DEACTIVATED
59 DEACTIVATED
60 DEACTIVATED
61 ACTIVATED
62 DEACTIVATED
63 DEACTIVATED
64 DEACTIVATED
65 DEACTIVATED
66 DEACTIVATED
67 ACTIVATED
68 DEACTIVATED
69 DEACTIVATED
70 DEACTIVATED
71 DEACTIVATED
72 DEACTIVATED
73 DEACTIVATED
74 DEACTIVATED
75 ACTIVATED
76 DEACTIVATED
77 DEACTIVATED
78 DEACTIVATED
79 DEACTIVATED
80 DEACTIVATED
81 DEACTIVATED
82 ACTIVATED
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

83 DEACTIVATED
84 DEACTIVATED
85 DEACTIVATED
86 DEACTIVATED
87 ACTIVATED
88 DEACTIVATED
89 DEACTIVATED
90 DEACTIVATED
91 DEACTIVATED
92 ACTIVATED
93 DEACTIVATED
94 DEACTIVATED
95 DEACTIVATED
96 DEACTIVATED
97 DEACTIVATED

Table 1 Showed the result of having 80 hours of HIGH (The Irrigation system when turned on)

and 40 hours of LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off) in 120 hours of experimentation

with the expected value of 60 in HIGH (The Irrigation system when turned on) and LOW (The

Irrigation system when turned off).

Table 2 Showed the result of the Volts and if the Irrigation system is HIGH (The

Irrigation system when turned on) or LOW (The Irrigation system when turned off) in 120 hours.

Table 3 showed the hour when the Irrigation System is Activated or Deactivated when the soil is
lacking moisture or not.
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Appendix C: Statistical Computation

This study will use chi square test for independence in computing the study on the

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) because the researchers only want to see if there is a potential using

the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) in an Irrigation system.

Where 𝛼 = 0.05

Where Critical Value = 3.841

HIGH LOW
(The Irrigation system when
(The Irrigation system when turned off)

turned on)

Observed Number of Hours 80 40

Expected Number of Hours 60 60

(𝟖𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎)𝟐 (𝟒𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎)𝟐

𝐱𝟐 = ∑ +
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

HIGH LOW Degrees

(The Irrigation Of
(The Irrigation system when Freedom 𝒙𝟐
system when turned off)
turned on)
Computer 6.67 6.67 1 13.34
Value

Degrees

Of

Freedom

3.814 13.34

X
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Curriculum Vitae

A. Personal Information

Name: Jan Edrian Enriquez

Address: Blk-3 Lot-3 Console 3 Village San Vicente San Pedro,

Laguna

Birthdate: January 13, 2003

Birthplace: San Pedro, Laguna

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

School Preference: Mr. Kieran Perrome B. Estenor

B. Educational Attainment

Pacita Complex National High School

San Vicente Elementary School

Graduation Date: March 2015

Calendola Day care Center

Graduation Date: March 2008

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

A. Personal Information

Name: Allyanna R. Fontanares

Address: Blk-8 Lot-9 Batangas st. Marigold, Macaria Village Binan,

Laguna

Birthdate: July, 10, 2002

Birthplace: Malolos, Bulacan

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

School Preference: Mr. Kieran Perrome B. Estenor

B. Educational Attainment

Pacita Complex National High School

Casa Del Nino Montessori School

Graduation Date: March 2015

Santa Isabel College

Casa Del Nino Montessori School

Graduation Date: March 2008

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM POWERED BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

A. Personal Information

Name: Ken Matthew T. Romaraog

Address: Blk-8 Lot-5 Southview Homes 2, San Vicente San Pedro,

Laguna

Birthdate: July 09, 2003

Birthplace: Sta. Rosa, Laguna

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

School Preference: Ms. Irma Estela Marie Esteban

B. Educational Attainment

Pacita Complex National High School

Tagaytay City Science National High School

Tartaria Elementary School

Graduation Date: March 2015

Michael Andrews Day care Center

Graduation Date: March 2008