DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

MATHURA ROAD
NEW DELHI
CLASS X
Chemistry
(2018-19)

PREPARED BY: NEENA SINHA

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 CLASS X
CHEMISTRY 2017-2018
INDEX
S NO CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PG NO
1 1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS & 6-13
EQUATIONS
2 2 ACIDS,BASES & SALTS 14-20

3 3 METALS & NON METALS 21-26

4 4 CARBON & ITS COMPOUNDS 27-31

5 5 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF 32-36

ELEMENTS
6 16 MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL 37-38
RESOURCES

7 WEEKLY TEST PAPER OF 2016 40-42

WEEKLY TEST PAPER 1

WEEKLY TEST PAPER 2
WEEKLY TEST PAPER 3
8 PRE MID TERM PAPER2017 43-45

PRE MID TERM PAPER2017&

SOLUTION
9 MID TERM PAPER 2017 50-53

MID TERM PAPER 2017 & SOLUTION

10 PRE BOARD PAPER 2017 54-56

PRE BOARD PAPER 2017

11 CBSE SAMPLE PAPER2017-18 58-61

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 CLASS X
TERM-WISE SYLLABUS 2018-19
PRE MID TERM SYLLABUS
Chapter1 - Chemical Reactions & Equations
Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases & Salts

PRACTICALS
1) To classify chemical reactions as combination, decomposition,displacement,double
displacement reactions.
2) To Study properties of acids & bases with litmus solution, Zn metal, solid NaHCO3.

MID TERM SYLLABUS

Chapter1 Chemical Reactions & Equations
Chapter 2 Acids, Bases & Salts
Chapter 3 Metals & Non-metals
Chapter 4 Carbon & its Compounds (TILL PG 65)

PRACTICALS
1) To classify chemical reactions as combination,decomposition,displacement,double
displacement reactions.
Or
To study the reactivity of metals with different salt solutions
2) To Study properties of acids &bases with litmus solution,Zn metal,solid NaHCO3.
3) To study the pH of the given samples.

PRE BOARD EXAMS

Chapter1 Chemical Reactions & Equations
Chapter 2 Acids, Bases & Salts
Chapter 3 Metals & Non-metals
Chapter 4 Carbon & its Compounds
Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements

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Chapter 6 Management of Natural Resources

PRACTICALS
1) To classify chemical reactions as combination, decomposition, displacement ,double
displacement reactions.
Or
To study the reactivity of metals with different salt solutions
2) To Study properties of acids &bases with litmus solution ,Zn metal, solid NaHCO3.
3) To study the pH of the given samples
4) To Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) :
i) odour ii) solubility in water iii) effect on litmus iv) reaction with Sodium Hydrogen
Carbonate
5) To study the foaming capacity of soaps with soft & hard water

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 URL”S FOR CHEMISTRY
Chemistry | Khan Academy

www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry

General Chemistry for Students - chem1.com

www.chem1.com/chemed/genchem.shtml

Chemistry Websites for High School Students and Kids ...

www.learningreviews.com/Chemistry-Websites-for...

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 CLASS X
CHEMISTRY

Chapter1 : Chemical Reactions and Equations

Practice questions
VSA -1Mark
1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction :
a) Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulphate to give a white precipitate of
Barium sulphate and Aluminium chloride.
b) When an aqueous solution of Sodium Hydroxide is added into Ferric sulphate solution, a
brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide is formed along with Sodium sulphate in the
solution
c) Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with Carbon dioxide in air to form a thin
layer of Calcium carbonate on the walls.

2. What type of chemical reaction take place when (Write equations wherever
necessary)
a) Magnesium wire is burnt in the air
b) Electric current is passed through water
c) Limestone is heated
d) Digestion of food occurs in the body
e) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases are mixed
f) Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen
g) Sulphuric acid is added into barium chloride solution.

SA I- 2 Mark

1. What is rancidity ? Write two ways by which it can be prevented.

2. What is corrosion. State two conditions which promotes corrosion ?
3A small amount of ferrous sulphate is heated in hard glass tube.
(a) Write the chemical equation.
(b) What type of reaction is taking place.
4. What happens when Zn strip is dipped in CuSO4 solution ?
5.A reddish brown metal X when heated in presence of oxygen forms a black compound
Y which is basic in nature when heated with hydrogen gas gives back X. Identify X & Y.
6.A green salt on heating decomposes to produce a colourless suffocating gas and leaves
behind a reddish brown residue. Name the salt and write the decomposition reaction

SA II- 3mark
1. (a) What is the colour of Ferrous sulphate crystal? How does this colour
change after heating?
(b) Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals.

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(c) What type of chemical reaction occurs in this change?
2.(a) What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead
nitrate taken in a test tube?
(b) What type of reaction is this?
(c) Write a balanced chemical reaction to represent the above reaction
3. Identify oxidation and reduction reaction, substance oxidised and reduced, oxidizing
agent and reducing agent in the following reaction
Fe2O3 +Al→ Al2O3 +Fe
4 In the electrolysis of water
a) Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode.
b) Why is the volume of the gas collected at one electrode double the other?
c) Why is a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid added to water?

5 a) What do you observe when water is added to calcium? Is there any change in
temperature?
b) Name the type of reaction.
c) Write the chemical equation involved.

LA- 5 Mark

1Write down the balanced chemical equation for the following :

(a) Silver chloride is decomposed in presence of sunlight to give silver and chlorine gas.
(b) Calcium oxide reacts with water to give lime water.
(c) Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to give sodium chloride and water.
(d) Dil hydrochloric acid is added to copper oxide to give green coloured copper chloride
and water.
(e) Solution of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water reacts to give insoluble
barium sulphate and solution of sodium chloride.

2. Bhawana took a pale green substance A in a test tube. and heated it over the flame of a
burner. A brown colored residue B was formed along with evolution of two gases with
burning smell of sulphur.Identify A & B. Write the chemical reaction involved.

HOTS
1 A compound `X` is used for drinking, has pH =7.Its acidified solution undergoes
decomposition in presence of electricity to produce gases `Y` and `Z` The volume of Y is
double than Z. Y is highly combustible whereas Z is supporter of combustion .Identify X, Y
& Z and write the chemical reactions involved.
2 An aqueous solution of metal nitrate P reacts with sodium bromide solution to form yellow
ppt of compound Q which is used in photography. Q on exposure to sunlight undergoes
decomposition reaction to form metal present in P along with reddish brown gas. Identify

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3 A student took 2-3 g of a substance X in a glass beaker & poured water over it slowly. He
observed bubbles along with hissing sound. The beaker becomes quite hot. Identify X.What
type of reaction is it?
4 A reddish brown vessel developed a green coloured solid X when left open in air for a long
time. When reacted with dil H2SO4 , it forms a blue coloured solution along with brisk
effervescence due to colourless &odourless gas Z. X decomposes to form black coloured
oxide Y of a reddish brown metal along with gas Z, Identify X, Y, & Z.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1When the fat or oil containing food materials are left for a long time, their smell and taste
changes. But some people like to consume stale food material rather than disposing them.
(a) Why do smell and taste of food materials change when left for a long time?
(b) How can spoilage of food be prevented?
(c) Which values are not possessed by those who consume stale food materials
2Whitewash was being done at Mukesh’s house. Mukesh saw that the painter took some
water in a drum and poured quick lime to it. There was a violent reaction and a lot of heat was
produced. Mukesh touched the outer surface of the drum. It was unbelievably hot.
a) Write the chemical equation for the above reaction.
b) What type of reaction is it and why ?
c) What is the utility of this reaction ?

3Salim was performing an experiment in the chemistry laboratory. He was heating a salt in a
test tube. Suddenly, his classmates in his neighborhood started coughing. A smell similar to
that of burning of sulphur was felt and light brown residue was left in the test tube.
a) Which substance was taken in the test tube ?
b) Write the equation for the above reaction.
c) What is the safest way to determine the smell of a gas?
d) Write a precaution to be observed while performing this experiment.

NTSE Assignment {Practice}

Ch-1 Chemical Reactions & Equations
Q1. Which one of the following process involves chemical reactions?
a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder
b) Liquifaction of air
c) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open
d) Heating copper wire in the pressure of air at high temperature
Q2. Which of the following reactions are involved in black and white photography?

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 ∆
a) 2Cu + C → CuO
b) 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
c) ZnO + C → Zn +CO
∆
d) 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 → 𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2
Q3. Take 5ml of dilute H2SO4 in a test tube and 5ml of barium chloride solution in another
test tube. Mix the two solutions slowly and then leave the test tube undisturbed for some time.
A white precipitate is formed after some time. Which of the following statements is correct
about the above reaction?
a) It is a double displacement reaction
b) It is a combination reaction
c) It is a displacement reaction
d) It is a neutralization reaction
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a chemical reaction?
a) Souring of milk
b) Rusting of iron
c) Dissolution of sugar in water
d) Digestion of food in human body
Q5. In a balanced equation
𝑎𝐹𝑒2𝑂3 + 𝑏𝐻2 → 𝑐𝐹𝑒 + 𝑑𝐻20
The values of a, b, c and d are ___________ respectively.
a) 1,1,2,3
b) 1,1,1,1
c) 1,3,2,3
d) 1,2,2,3
Q6. Match list-I with list- II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the
tests.
List I List II
(p) Action of dilute sulphuric acid on Zn (i) Ammonia
(q) Heating limestone (ii) Oxygen
(r) Heating potassium chlorate (iii) Hydrogen
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(s) Heating naphthalene with air (iv) Carbon dioxide
a) (p)-(i), (q)-(ii), (r)-(iii), (s)-(iv)
b) (p)-(iii), (q)-(iv), (r)-(ii), (s)-(iv)
c) (p)-(iv), (q)-(iii), (r)-(i), (s)-(ii)
d) (p)-(iv), (q)-(i), (r)-(iv), (s)-(ii)
Q7. Consider the following table.
Metal ZnSO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3
Zn - Displaced Displaced No reaction
Fe No reaction - Displaced No reaction
Cu No reaction No reaction - No reaction
Al Displaced Displaced Displaced -
From the above data, the decreasing order of reactivity of metals is _________.
a) Al > Cu > Fe > Zn
b) Al > Zn > Fe > Cu
c) Al > Zn > Cu > Fe
d) Al > Fe > Cu > Zn
Q8. Which of the following procedures show that zinc is more reactive than copper?
a) Add dilute nitric acid on strips of both metals
b) Observe transmission of heat through strips of zinc and copper
c) Prepare solution of zinc sulphate and hang strip of copper into it
d) Prepare solution of copper sulphate and hang strip of zinc into it
a) (i) only
b) (ii) only
c) (iii) and (iv)
d) (iii) only
Q10. A brown substance ‘X’ on heating in air forms a substance ‘Y’. When hydrogen gas is
passed over heated ‘Y’, it again changes into ‘X’. The substances ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are
___________.
a) Fe and FeO (B)Cu and CuO
b) Al and Al2O3 (d)Zn and ZnO
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Q11. A small amount of calcium oxide (quick lime) is taken in a beaker .Water is slowly
added to this. Which of the following observations is correct about this activity?
i)The beaker becomes hot because it is an endothermic reaction.
ii)A clear solution is obtained at the top after the reaction gets over.
iii)This reaction is a combination reaction in which quick lime (CaO) is converted into slaked
lime, Ca(OH)2 .
A (i),(ii)&(iii) B) (ii)&(iii) C) Only (iii) D) (i)&(iii)
Q12.Given below are few reactions which are matched with their type. Mark the reaction
which is not correctly matched.
a) C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O: Combustion reaction
b) 2Kl + Cl22KCl + I2 : Displacement reaction
c) 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 : Redox reaction
d) MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2 : Double decomposition reaction
Q13.Which of the following is not an example of decomposition reaction?
a) CaCO3(S) CaO(S) + CO2(g)
b) 2AgCl(S) { in sunlight } 2Ag(S) + Cl2(g)
c) CuSO4.5H2O(S)CuSO4(S) + 5H2O(g)
d) 2KClO3(S) 2KCl(S) + 3O2(g)
Q14.A student wrote three statements about rancidity :
a) When fats and oils are reduced ,they become rancid.
b) Chips manufacturers usually flush chips bags with oxygen to prevent rancidity.
c) Rancidity is prevented by adding substances called antioxidants to food.
Choose the correct statement(s).
a) l B) ll and lll C) lll D) l, ll and lll
Q15.Two colourless solutions X and Y were mixed together. On mixing a yellow precipitate Z
was formed .What were the possible reactants X and Y and yellow precipitate Z formed?
a) X and Y were lead nitrate and potassium iodide solutions. The yellow precipitate Z
was lead iodide.
b) X and Y were potassium chloride solution and water. The yellow precipitate Z was of
chloride ion.
c) X and Y were sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid and the yellow
precipitate Z was sodium chloride.
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d) X and Y were potassium hydroxide solution and nitric acid and the yellow precipitate
Z was potassium nitrate.
Q16.A student added dilute HCl to a test tube containing zinc granules.Which of the
following observations are correct?
a) Zinc surface became dull and black.
b) A gas was evolved which burnt with a pop sound.
c) The solution remained colourless.
a) l and ll b. l and lll c. ll and lll d. l , ll and lll
Q17. Take 5 mL of sodium sulphate solution in a test tube and 5 mL of barium chloride
solution in another test tube. Mix the two solutions slowly and leave the test tube undisturbed
for some time. A white precipitate is formed after some time.
Which of the following statements is correct about the above reaction?
a) It is a double displacement reaction since exchange of ions occurs between the two
reactants.
b) It is a combination reactioin since barium ions combine with sulphate ions to give
barium sulphate.
c) It is a displacement reaction since chloride ions are replaced by sulphate ions.
d) It is a neutralization reaction since an acid reacts with alkali to give a salt.
Q18.Which of the flowing reactions will not occur?
a) Mg + H2SO4(dil.) MgSO4 + H2
b) Cu + H2SO4(dil.) CuSO4 + H2
c) 2Al + 6HCl(dil.) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
d) Fe + 2HCl(dil.) FeCl2 + H2
Q19.Which of the following reactions are involved in black and white photography?
a) 2Cu + O2 { heat}  2CuO
b) 2AgBr {sunlight} 2Ag + Br2
c) ZnO + C Zn + CO
d) CaCO3 {heat} CaO + CO2
Q20.Which of the following reactions are exothermic in nature?
a) Evaporation of water
b) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
c) Dilution of sulphuric acid
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d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water
e) Combustion of methane gas
a) i,iv and v B) ii,iii and v C) i, ii and iv D) i,iii and iv

LAB ACTIVITY 1
AIM; To classify the foll; chemical reactions as
combination,displacement,decomposition,double displacement reaction.
1 )a) What changes do you observe in the iron nails and colour of copper sulphate when iron
nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution.
b) What is the colour of FeSO4 solution
2) Write any two observations that take place when quick lime is placed in water.
3) What happens when Lead Nitrate is heated strongly?
4) What happens when an aqueous solution of Barium Sulphate is treated with an aqueous
solution of sodium sulphate?
5) What is the colour of barium sulphate solution
6) What type of reaction takes place when Fe nails are dipped in CuSO4solution
7) Why does a brown colour appear on iron nails when they are dipped in CuSO4 solution,

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 CHAPTER NO:2
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Practice questions
VSA-1 Mark
1 Name the acid present in ant sting
2 What happens when egg shell is added to nitric acid ?
3. Name a salt which does not contain water of crystallization.
4. Name two constituents of baking powder.
5. What is the pH of gastric juices released during digestion ?
6. Which solution is used to dissolve gold ?
7. How will you test a gas which is liberated when HCl acid reacts with an active metal
8. When conc. acid is added to water, state whether the process is exothermic or
endothermic ?
9. Which by-product of chlor-alkali process is used for manufacturing bleaching powder?
SA I - 2 Mark
1. A small amount of hydrochloric acid is always produced in the stomach. Is it useful or
harmful and in what way? If excess of acid is produced in the stomach, what do we do?
2.Give examples of two acids which are useful in our eatables stating the use to which
they are put.
3.An element P does not react with dilute sulphuric acid. It forms an oxide PO which
turns red litmus into blue. Will you call P as a metal or a non-metal ? Give reason for
your answer.
4.A substance `X` used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras.and is also an
ingredient of antacid. (i)Name the substance `X`. (ii) How does `X` help to make cakes
and bread soft and spongy
5. Kazi and Priyam want to prepare dil H2SO4 .Kazi added conc.H2SO4 to water slowly
with constant stirring& cooling whereas Priyam added water to concH2SO4..Name the
student who was correct and why?

SA II -3 Mark

1 For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home, your mother uses baking soda
instead of baking powder in cake,
(a) How will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
(b) How can baking soda be converted into baking powder ?
(c) What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda ?

2 A compound `X` on electrolysis in aqueous solution produces a strong base. `Y` along
with two gases `A` and `B`. `B` is used in manufacture of bleaching powder. Identify X,
Y, A and B. Write chemical equations.
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3. A yellow powder X gives a pungent smell if left open in air. It is prepared by the
reaction of dry compound Y with chlorine gas. It is used for disinfecting drinking water.
Identify X and Y. and write the reaction involved
4 A student heated a few crystals of copper sulphate in a dry boiling tube. (a) What will
be the color of the copper sulphate after heating? (b) Will you notice water droplets in the
boiling tube? (c) Where have these come from?
5On passing excess CO2throughlimewater,itfirst turnsmilkyandthen becomes
colourless. Explain why ? Write chemical equations.
6. How are bases different from alkalis ? Are all bases alkalis ?
7 While constructing a house,a builder selects marble flooring and marble top for kitchen
where vinegar and juices of lemon, tamarind etc. are more often used for cooking.
Will you agree to this selection and why?
LA- 5 Mark
1 What happens when calcium carbonate is made to react with hydrochloric acid ? Give
the equation of reaction.
2. Why metallic oxides are called basic oxides and non-metallic oxides are called acidic
oxides ?
3. What is pH scale ? What is pH value of salt formed by a (a) weak acid and strong base
b) strong acid and strong base ?
4. What is water of crystallization ? Write the common name and chemical formula of a
commercially important compound which has ten water molecules. How is this compound
obtained ? Write chemical equations also. List any two uses of this compound.
5. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also,write the
name andchemicalformulae ofA,B andC.
-- + Zn→ A + H2 (g)
X+ HCl→ B+ H2O
-- + CH3COOH→ C + H2O
HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS
1. A compound X is bitter in taste. It is a component of washing powder& reacts with
dil.HCl to produce brisk effervescence due to colourless, odourless gas Y which turns
lime water milky due to formation of Z. When excess of CO2 is passed, milkiness
disappears due to formation of P. Identify X, Y, Z and P.
2. Compound P forms enamel of teeth. It is the hardest substance of the body. It does not
dissolve in water but it is corroded when pH in the mouth is below 5.5. Identify P. How
does tooth paste prevent dental decay?
3. The oxide of a metal M was water soluble when a blue litmus strip was dipped in this
solution, it did not undergo any change in colour. Predict the nature of oxide
4. A first aid manual suggests that vinegar should be used to treat wasp sting and baking
soda for bee stings.

15
 (i) What does this information tell you about the chemical nature of the wasp stings (ii) If
there were no baking soda in the house, what other household substance could you use to
treat bee stings?
5.A is a soluble acidic oxide and `B` is a soluble base compared to pH of pure water.
What will be the pH of (a) solution of A (b) solution of B?
6. A road tanker carrying an acid was involved in an accident and its contents spilled on
the road. At the side of the road, iron drain covers began melting and fizzing as the acid
ran over them. A specialist was called to see if the acid actually leaked into the nearby
river. (a) Explain how the specialist could carry out a simple test to see if the river water
contains some acid or not. (b) The word melting is incorrectly used in the report. Suggest
a better name that should have been used. (c) Explain why drain covers began fizzing as
the acid rain over them.
7. A compound `X` on electrolysis in aqueous solution produces a strong base. `Y` along
with two gases `A` and `B`. `B` is used in manufacture of bleaching powder. Identify X,
Y, A and B. Write chemical equations.
8. A yellow powder X gives a pungent smell if left open in air. It is prepared by the
reaction of dry compound Y with chlorine gas. It is used for disinfecting drinking water.
Identify X and Y. and write the reaction involved.
9. When CO2 gas pass through saturated solution of ammonical brine, two compound `X`
and `Y` are formed. `Y` is used as antacid and decomposes to form another solid `Z`.
Identify `X`,`Y`, `Z` and write chemical equations.
10.A compound `A on heating at 373 K gives `B` used as plaster for supporting fractured
bones in the right position. `B` on mixing with water changes to `A`. Identify `A` and `B`
and write the chemical reaction.
11. A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to an unknown solution A. It
acquired pink colour. Now another unknown solution B was added to it drop by drop and
the solution becomes colourless. Predict the nature of A & B.
12. A student heated a few crystals of copper sulphate in a dry boiling tube. (a) What will
be the colour of the copper sulphate after heating? (b) Will you notice water droplets in
the boiling tube? (c) Where have these come from?
13. A substance `X` used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras.and is also an
ingredient of antacid. Name the substance `X`. (i) How does `X` help to make cakes and
bread soft and spongy. (ii) Is the pH value of solution of `X` is lesser than or greater than
7.0?
14 Rani was suffering from stomach pain. She had eaten excess of oily food in the marriage
party. She was crying. Her father said,” Don’t worry Rani, you will be alright soon with this
tablet.” She took the tablet and felt fine after half an hour.
(i) Why does excess eating cause pain in the stomach?
(ii) What was the medicine, Rani’s father gave to her and how did it providerelief?
(iii) Give some trade names of antacids.

16
15 Ajay and Vijay were going with their father for the Diwali Mela. On the roadside, they
found many stalls of beautiful statues of different gods. These were quite big in size. Ajay and
Vijay asked their father to purchase one for Diwali puja. Their father agreed. The children
were very happy to bring the God’s statue to home. It was very attractive and not very costly.
i) What are such statues made of?
ii) Give the formula of the substance and the reaction applied to the process.
iii) Describe in brief how to make statues.

NTSE Assignment (PRACTICE )

Ch-2 Acids, Bases & Salts
Q1. Which of the following is a dibasic acid?
a) HCl
b) H3PO4
c) HNO3
d) H2SO4
Q2. Which type of medicine is used to treat indigestion?
a) Antihistamine
b) Antibiotic
c) Antacid
d) Sulpha drug
Q3. Which one is an acidic salt?
a) Na2SO4
b) CaSO4
c) Na3PO4
d) NaHSO4
Q4. Salt X is commonly used in bakery products. On heating it gives another salt Y (which is
a common constituent of washing powder) and a gas Z (which when passed through lime
water turns it milky). Identify X, Y and Z.
X Y Z
(A) Na2CO3 H2O CO2
(B) NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CO2
(C) Na2CO3 NaCl CO2
(D) NaHCO3 CaCO3 CO3

Q5. The pH of a solution is 7. How can you increase its pH?

a) By adding a small amount of acid
b) By adding a small amount of base
c) By adding a small amount of salt
d) By passing CO2 gas through it
e)
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Q6. The acid having the highest H+ ions concentration is one with which value of pH?
a) 7
b) 1.2
c) 2.3
d) 8.2
Q7. Three students were given colourless liquids X,Y and Z of water, lemon juice and a
mixture of water and lemon juice, respectively. After testing these liquids with pH paper, the
colour change of pH paper were observed in following options. Which is the correct act of
colour change?
a) Blue, red and green
b) Orange, green and green
c) Green, red and red
d) Red, green and green
Q8. In liquid water, the aggregates of varying number of water molecules are held together by
__________.
a) Covalent bond
b) Ionic bond
c) Van der Waals force
d) Hydrogen bond
e)
Q9. This wonderful acid has many uses. It is used for making explosives, pigments, dyes,
hydrochloric acid, in sulphoration of oil to make detergents, etc. Identify it.
a) Sulphuric acid
b) Sulphurous acid
c) Nitric acid
d) Sulphamine acid
e)
Q10. Brine is an aqueous solution of ________.
a) Sodium hydroxide
b) Sodium chloride
c) Sodium oxide
d) Potassium chloride
Q11.Four solutions labelled as P,Q,R and S have pH values 1,9,3 and 13, respectively. Which
of the following statements about the given solution is INCORRECT?
a) Solution P has higher concentration of hydrogen ions than solution R
b) Solution Q has lower concentration of hydroxyl ions than solution S
c) Solutions P and Q will turn red litmus blue
d) Solution P is highly acidic, while solution Q us weakly basic
Q12.A Teacher gave two test tubes to the students,one containing water and the other
containing sodium hydroxide.she asked them to identify the test tube containing sodium
hydroxide solution. Which one of the following can be used for the identification?
a) Blue litmus
b) Red litmus
c) Sodium carbonate solution
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d) Dilute hydrochloric acid
Q13 The pH of a solution is 7. How can you increase its Ph?
a) By adding a small amount of acid
b) By adding a small amount of base
c) By adding a small amount of salt
d) By passing carbon dioxide gas through it
Q14.Given below are certain chemical properties.
a) It turns blue litmus red.
b) It turns red litmus blue.
c) It reacts with zinc and a gas is evolved.
d) It reacts with solid sodium carbonate to give brisk effervescence
Which of the above propertiers are shown by dilute HCl?
a) i and ii B) i and iii C) i, iii and iv D) iii and iv
Q15.The oxide of a metal M is water soluble.When a blue litmus strip was dipped in this
solution, it did not undergo any change in colour,but it changed the colour of
phenolphthalein. What is the nature of the oxide?
a) Acidic
b) Basic
c) Neutral
d) Amphoteric
Q16. A compound is prepared from gypsum upon heating to a temperature of 373 K and it
changes back to gypsum on adding water. Which is the incorrect statement about the
compound?
a) The compound is used for setting fractured bones.
b) The compound is called plaster of paris which is calcium sulphate dehydrate with a
formula CaSO4.2H2O.
c) If heated at higher temperature,the compound becomes dehydrated and is called dead
burnt plaster.
d) Both (A) and (B)
Q17.The pH of three solutions X,Y and Z is 6,4 and 8 respectively.Which of the following is
the correct order of acidic strength?
a) X>Y>Z
b) Z>Y>X
c) Y>X>Z
d) Z>X>Y
Q18.Acetic acid was added to a solid X kept in a test tube. A colourless and odourless gas
was evolved.The gas was passed through lime water which turned milky.It was concluded that
a) Solid X is sodium hydroxide and the gas evolved is H2
b) Solid X is sodium bicarbonate and the gas evolved is CO2
c) Solid X is sodium acetate and the gas evolved is CO2
d) Solid X is sodium chloride and the gas evolved is H2
19
Q19. Few statements regarding the properties of bases are given below. Mark the correct
statements.
a) Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are soluble in water.
b) Calcium hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide are partially soluble in water.
c) All metallic hydroxides react with acids to form their respective metallic salts.
d) Metallic oxides are acidic oxides hence they react with acids to form salts.

a) i, ii and iv B) i, iii and iv C) i, ii and iii D) ii and iii

Q20. A compound X is used for supporting fractured bones. On mixing X with water, a hard
solid mass Y is obtained.
a)What is Y?
A)Washing soda B)Baking soda C)Bleaching powder D)Gypsum
b)Ratio of water molecules in Y : X is
a) 4:1 B) 2 : 1 C) 1 : 1 D) 1 : 4

Lab Activity-2
AIM- To study the properties of acids and bases (dil. HCl and dil. NaOH) by their
reaction with (i) Litmus solution (Red/Blue) (ii) Zinc metal (iii) Solid sodium carbonate
1. Name any two strong acids and two weak acids
2 In reaction 𝑍𝑛 (𝑠) + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) →X + H2 (g),What is X
3 What is the nature of Dil HCl and Dil NaOH?
4 Which gas is usually liberated when Zn metal is treated with dil HCl ?
5 Write two observations when a pinch of solid sodium carbonate is treated with dil HCl.
6 You are given three colourless solution and red litmus paper.How will you identify them as
acidic,basic,neutral solution.
7 What happens when a few drops of blue litmus solution is added to dil HCl?

LAB ACTIVITY 3
AIM-TO study the pH value of the given samples using universal indicator
1 Define pH scale.
2 Is soap solution acidic?
3 How can you determine whether the solution is acidic,basic or neutral using pH paper?
4 What is pH of pure water at 250C?
5Name the acid present in a) lemon b) orange.
6) What is pH of blood?
7) If the concentration of H+ ions is higher in a solution,what will be its pH?

20
 CHAPTER 3 -METALS AND NON METALS
Practice questions
VSA-1 Mark
1 Name one lustrous non-metal.
2. Name two metals that are soft and can be cut with a knife.
3. Number of electrons gained or lost by an element is called its…………….. .
4. What are minerals ?
5. What is the process of depositing zinc on iron called ?
6. Which metal do not react with water at all ?
7. Name the ion made by non-metals – cation/anion.
8. Bronze is an alloy made by the combination of…………..and………….. .
9. Name two metals that are stored in kerosene oil.
10. Arrange copper, silver and aluminium in increasing order of reactivity.
SA I - 2 Marks
1. Give reasons :
(a) Why is pure gold not suitable for making ornaments ?
(b) Why calcium is found in the form of compound ?
(c) Why electrical wires are coated with PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) ?
(d) Why do we apply oil on iron tools kept in storage ?
(e) Why sodium is stored in kerosene oil ?
SA II-3 Marks
Q 1 A metal ‘E’ with atomic number 11 is stored in kerosene oil.A small piece of it is left
open in the air and it catches fire.The product formed is dissolved in water.The solution
formed turns red litmus paper blue.
a) Identify the metal.
b) Write a balanced chemical equation when it reacts with oxygen.
Name the process by which metal ‘E’ is extracted from its molten chloride.
Q 2 An old cycle frame was left in open for a few days.A brown layer got slowly deposited
on its surface and the original condition of the surface of the cycle frame could not be restored
a) Name the phenomenon that has occurred ,Explain it.
b) Write the chemical equation involved.
c) How can it be prevented.?
Q 3 Shreya saw that her silver bracelet had turned black and had lost the bright shine.She
rubbed it with toothpaste and it regained its shine.
a) Name the phenomenon that has occurred.Explain it.
b) Write the chemical equation involved .
Q 4 You are provided with three metals-sodium,magnesium and copper.Using only water as
the reactant,how will you identify them.
Q 5 Corrosion of metals is not always harmful.Illustrate.

21
 LA- 5 Mark

Q 1. Write the equations for the reactions of:

a) Iron with Steam
b) Calcium with Water.
c) Potassium with Water.

Q.2. Why Al metal cannot be obtained by the reduction of Al2O3 with Coke.
Q3 Give reasons for the following:
a) Zinc can displace copper from its salt solution.
b) Aluminium vessels never corrode when exposed to moist air—
c) Ionic compounds have high melting points.
d) Sodium is kept stored in kerosene oil.
e) Carbonates and sulphides ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of
extraction

Q 4 An old cycle frame was left in open for a few days.A brown layer got slowly deposited
on its surface and the original condition of the surface of the cycle frame could not be restored
a) Name the phenomenon that has occurred ,Explain it.
b) Write the chemical equation involved.
c) How can it be prevented.?

Q 5. A metal acts as a good reducing agent. It reduces Fe2O3, and MnO2. The reaction with
Fe2O3 is used for welding broken railway tracks. Identify the metal and write all the chemical
reactions

HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS

1. A yellow coloured powder `X` is soluble in carbon disulfide. It burns with a blue flame
forming suffocating smelling gas which turns moist blue litmus red. Identify `X` and gives
chemical reaction. Identify it is metal or nonmetal.
2. An element reacts with oxygen to form an oxide which dissolves in dilute hydrochloric
acid. The oxide formed also turns a solution of red litmus blue. Is the element a metal or non-
metal? Explain with the help of a suitable example.
3. Royal water is prepared by mixing two acids `A` and `B`. It can dissolve gold and
platinium. It is highly corrosive and fuming liquid. Identify `A` and `B`. What is the ratio in
which `A` and `B` are mixed.
4. Nikita took Zn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na metals & put each metal in cold water and then hot
water. She reacted the metal with steam (i) Name the metal which reacts with cold water. (ii)
Which of the above metals react with steam? (iii) Name the metal which reacts with hot
water. (iv) Arrange these metals in order of increasing reactivity.

22
5. A student was given Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu metals. He put each of them in dilHCl contained
in different test tubes. Identify which of them (i) will not displace H2 from dilHCl (ii) forms a
pale green substance (iii) will give H2 with 5% HNO3 (iv) will be displaced from its salt
solution by all other metals.
6. A metal `X` is found in the form of filings which burns vigorously when sprinkle on flame.
When these filings are treated with sulphur a black colured compound `Y` is formed which is
not attracted by magnet. `X` reacts with dilHCl to liberate hydrogen gas. `X` reacts with
steam to form `Z` along with hydrogen gas. Identify `X`, `Y`, and `Z`. Write the reaction
involved.
7 An element E combines with O2 to form an oxide E2O, which is a good conductor of
electricity. Answer the following
: i) How many electrons will be present in the outer most shell of E?
ii) Write the formula of the compound formed when it combines with Chlorine.

NTSE Assignment (PRACTICE)

Ch-3 Metals & Non-metals
Q1. Which one of the following is NOT an alloy of copper?
a) German silver
b) Bronze
c) Invar
d) Bell metal
Q2. An elements reacts with oxygen to give a compound that has high melting point. This
compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be ____.
a) Calcium
b) Carbon
c) Silicon
d) Iron
e)
Q3. Match the columns and mark the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
(p) Ductility (i) Property of making resonating sound
(q) Malleability (ii) A substance can be drawn into wires
(r) Sonority (iii) Substance can be converted into thin sheets
(s) Tensile strength (iv) Ability to withstand the longitudinal pull
(A) (p)-(i), (q)-(ii), (r)-(iii), (s)-(iv)
(B) (p)-(ii), (q)-(iii), (r)-(i), (s)-(iv)
(C) (p)-(i), (q)-(iii), (r)-(ii), (s)-(iv)
(D) (p)-(iv), (q)-(i), (r)-(ii), (s)-(iii)

23
Q4. Rate of formation of hydrogen gas with different metals and dilute H2SO4 follows the
order ____________.
a) Al > Zn > Fe > Mg
b) Zn > Al > Fe > Mg
c) Mg > Al > Zn > Fe
d) Al > Mg > Zn > Fe
Q5. The process of depositing molten Zn layer on iron articles is called ______.
a) Anodising
b) Electroplating
c) Galvanisation
d) Annealing
Q6. A carbonate ore can be changed into oxide ore by ___________.
a) Roasting
b) Calcination
c) Oxidation
d) Reduction
Q7. Which among the following is an amphoteric oxide?
a) Zinc only
b) Sodium oxide
c) Magnesium oxide
d) Copper oxide
Q8. The reaction of metal X with iron oxide is highly exothermic and is used to join railway
tracks. Identify the metal X. What is the name of the reaction?
a) X is zinc and reaction is welding
b) X is copper and reaction is welding
c) X is magnesium and reaction is thermite reaction
d) X is aluminium and reaction is thermite reaction
Q9. Beakers P, Q and R contain zinc sulphate, silver nitrate and copper sulphate solutions,
respectively. Iron nails are added to each beaker. Given colour will appear in which of the
beakers?
a) Beaker P
b) Beaker Q
c) Beaker R
d) All beakers
Q10. The names used for chemical compounds, have not always been the same as the ones we
use today, For example, sulphuric acid used to be called ‘oil of vitriol’, while hydrochloric
acid was known as muriatic acid. When oil of vitriol reacts with zinc, it forms white vitriol,
while reaction of muriatic acid and zinc forms butter of zinc. What name do we give to white
vitriol today?
a) Zinc vitriolate
b) Zinc chloride
c) Zinc sulphate
d) White zinc
Q11. Many metals occur in native state in nature because
24
a) They are very reactive
b) They do not form ionic compounds
c) They are not reactive
d) They have low density
Q12. What is common among the ores of different metals?
a) They are all oxides
b) They are all sulphides
c) They are all minerals
d) Both (A) and (C)
Q13.Few statements about the metals are given below and matched with the metals.Mark the
incorrect match.
a) A metal used in joining electric wires-magnesium.
b) A metal whose oxide is amphoteric –zinc.
c) A metal unreactive towards oxygen and dilute acids-god
d) A metal extracted by using electrolytic reduction-aluminium
Q14.Kishore took four test tubes containing solutions of zinc sulphate, aluminium
sulphate,coppersulphate and iron sulphate.He put one iron nail in each test tube and
observed that only in one test tube the nail gets a reddish-brown coating. In which
solution,the brown coating was observed?
A)Zinc sulphate solution
B) Iron sulphate solution
C) Copper sulphate solution
D) Aluminiumsulphate solution
Q15. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) A more electropositive metal displaces hydrogen from dilute acids more readily.
b) Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of
3:1
c) Lead is a poor conductor of heat while silver is the best conductor of heat
d) Non-metals have low melting and boiling points
Q16.10 mL of freshly prepared iron sulphate was taken in four test tubes each.Strips of
copper,iron,zinc and aluminium were introduced in these tubes.Which of the metals will show
reaction?
A) Copper and Zinc
B) Aluminium and copper
C) Iron and aluminium
D) Zinc and aluminium
Q17. A yellow coloured brittle element on burning produces a gas. The solution of this gas in
water turns blue litmus red.The oxide is generally responsible for acid rain and for spoiling
the buildings made of marble. The element and the oxide respectively are
a) Fe, Fe2O3 B)Si, SiO2 C) S,SO2 D)Ca,CaO
Q18.The reaction of metal X with iron oxide is highly exothermic and is used to join railway
tracks.Identify the metal X. What is the name of the reaction?
a) Metal X is zinc and the reaction is welding
25
b) Metal X is copper and the reaction is welding.
c) Metal X is magnesium and the reaction is thermite reaction
d) Metal X is aluminium and the reaction is thermite reaction
Q19.Latin name for X is ‘royal water’. It is a mixture of Y and Z in the ratio 3 : 1. Some of the
properties of X are different from Y and Z. What are X, Y and Z respectively?
a) Aqua regia, HCl , HNO3
b) Aqua regia , HNO3 , HCl
c) H2SO4, H2O, SO2
d) H2SO4, H2S, SO3

LAB ACTIVITY-4
Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions :
a) ZnSO4(aq) b) FeSO4 (aq) c) CuSO4(aq) d) Al2(SO4)3(aq)

Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on
the above result.

1 What is the colour of Zn metal?

2 Wat happens when Zn metal is added to ferrous sulphate solution?
3 How will you show that Aluminium is more reactive than Zn & Cu?
4 Write two precautions while carrying out displacement reactions of metal with salt
solutions.
5 A student when dipped a blue white metal X in a blue coloured solution of a metal saltY ,he
observed that the blue solution turns colourless and a reddish brown layer deposited on the
metal X.Identify the metal X and solution Y.Give the reason for the change taken place.

26
 CHAPTER 4 : CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
VSA -1 Mark
1 How does carbon attain noble gas configuration?
2. Draw electron dot structure of water molecule.
3. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of homologous series having general formula
CnH2n.
4.Name the first member of ketones.
5.What is glacial aceticacid ?
6. Why is carbon tetravalent ?
7.An organic compound burnswith blue clear flame.Is it saturated or unsaturated compound?
8. Write the molecular formula of ethanol.
9.Which of the following will show addition reaction
C4H10, C2H6, C2H4, CH4, C3H8 ?
10.Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodiumcarbonate ?
11. Write balanced chemical equation of dehydration of ethanol by hot conc. H2SO4.
12. Name organic acid present in vinegar.
13.Whatiscatenation ?
14.Whysoapisnot suitable forwashingcloth when water is hard ?
15. How many covalent bonds are present in pentane (C5H12) ?
SA I -2 Marks
1. What are hydrocarbons ? Give examples.
2.Why does carbon atom forms a large number of compounds?
3. Write down two characteristics of the compounds of an homologous series.
4.Covalent compounds generally don’t conduct electricity. Why?
5.Write down structural formula of : (a) Propanone (b) Hexanal
6.Identify the functional group in the following:
(a) HCHO (b) CH3COOH (c) CH3CH2OH (d) CH3COCH3
7. (a) Why is ethanol used in making of tincture iodine, cough syrup, tonic
(b) What is the role of conc. H2SO4 in making ethane from ethanol?
SAII-3 Marks

Q 1 Carbon is tetravalent in nature. Explain.

Q.2 How does carbon complete its octet? What type of bond does it form?
Q 3 Write theIUPAC name of the following compounds;
a) CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 b) CH2-CH2-CH2
│ │
CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 CH3
Q 4 C2H6,C3H6,C2H2,C4H6
Q 5 Two compounds 'X' and 'Y' have the same molecular formulae,C3H6O. Write their
structures and name the functional groups present in them
27
Q 6 Draw the structure of an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon and write its name.
Q 7 Draw and write all possible isomers of pentane
Q 8 Describe an activity to show the formation of an ester in the school laboratory
Q 9 .How would you bring about the following conversions? Write the reaction involved.
a) Ethanol to ethene
b) Propanol to propanoic acid
LA-5 Marks
Q 1. Complete the following reaction(s) given below
concH2SO4→
(i) CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH
Ni Catalyst
(ii) C2H4 + H2
iii) CH3COOH + Na2CO3→
iv) C2H5OH + Na→
Q-2 An organic compound “A” is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a
molecular formula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling
compound “B”
a) Identify the compound “A”.
b) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound “B”.
c) How can we get compound “A” back from “B”.
d) Name the process and write corresponding chemical equation.
e) Which gas is produced when compound “A” reacts with washing soda ? Write the
chemical equation.

Q-3. What are soaps? Explain the mechanism of the cleansing action of soaps ? Soaps form
scum with hard water. Explain why ? How this problem is overcome by use of detergents ?

HOTS: (High Order Thinking Skill) Questions

1.An organic compound X with a molecular formula C2H6O undergoes oxidation with in
presence of alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of Conc.
H2SO4 at 443K gives Z.which on reaction with H2Oin presence of H2SO4 gives back `X.` `Z`
reacts with Br2 (aq) and decolorizes it. Identify X, Y, & Z.and write the reactions involved.
2. An organic compound ‘A’ is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecular
formula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling compound ‘B.
(i) Identify the compound ‘A’
(ii) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound ‘B’
(iii) How can we get compound ‘A’ back from ‘B’?
(iv) Name the process and write corresponding chemical equation.
(v) Which gas is produced when compound ‘A’ reacts with washing soda? Write the chemical
equation.

28
3. Hydrocarbon `X` and `Y` having molecular formulae C3H8 and C3H6 respectively. Both are
burnt in different spatula on the bunsen flame. Indicate the color of the flame produced by `X`
and `Y`. Identify `X` and `Y`. Write the structural formulae.
4. A compound `X` has molecular formula C4H10. It undergoes substitution reaction readily
than addition reaction. It burns with blue flame and is present in LPG. Identify `X` and give
the balanced equation for its combustion and substitution reaction with Cl2 in presence of
sunlight.
5. `A` compound works well with hard water. It is used for making shampoos & products for
cleaning clothes. A is not 100% biodegradable and causes water pollution. `B` does not work
well with hard water. It is 100% biodegradable and does not create water pollution. Identify A
& B.
6. An organic compound P with molecular formula C2H6Ois an active ingredient of all
alcoholic drinks. It is also used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups. Identify
`P`. Drop a small piece of sodium into the test tube containing `P`.A new compound `Q` is
formed with the evaluation of colourless and odourless gas Name the gas evolved and
compound `Q` write the chemical reaction.
7. A cyclic compound `X` has molecular formula C6H6. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty
flame. Identify `X` and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not
and why?
8. An organic compounds `A` is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. On reaction with alkaline KMnO4, the compound `A` is oxidized to another `B` with
formula C2H6O2. Identify the compound A` and `B`. Write the chemical equation for the
reaction which leads to the formulation of `B`
9. Two compounds `X` and `Y` have the same formula C2H4O2. One of them reacts with
sodium metal to liberate H2 and CO2 with NaHCO3. Second one does not reacts with Na
metal and NaHCO3 but undergo hydrolysis with NaOH to form salt of carboxylic acid and
compound `Z` which is called wood spirit. Identify `X`, `Y`, and`Z` and write chemical
equation for the reaction involved.

Extended Learning
Chapter- Carbon and its Compounds
Q1. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of
(a) carbon monoxide only (b) carbon monoxide in traces and CO2
(c) carbon dioxide only (d) coal

Q2. A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has

(a) only single bonds (b) only double bonds
(c) only triple bonds (d) two double bonds and one single bond

29
Q3. Buckminster fullerene is an allotropic form of
(a) phosphorus (b) sulphur
(c) carbon (d) tin

Q4. CH3 ─ CH2 ─ OH Alkaline KMnO4 + HeatbCH3 ─ COOH

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as
(a) reducing agent (b) oxidising agent
(c) catalyst (d) dehydrating agent

Q5. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats.
This is an example of
(a) Addition reaction (b) Substitution reaction
(c) Displacement reaction (d) Oxidation reaction

Q6. In which of the following compounds, ─OH is the functional group?

(a) Butanone (b) Butanol
(c) Butanoic acid (d) Butanal

Q7. Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are
(a) sodium ethanoate and hydrogen (b) sodium ethanoate and oxygen
(c) sodium ethoxide and hydrogen (d) sodium ethoxide and oxygen

Q8. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

(i) H3C ─ CH2 ─ CH2 ─ CH3 (ii) H3C ─ C ≡ C ─ CH3
(iii) H3C ─ CH ─ CH3 (iv) H3C ─ C = CH2
│ |
CH3 CH3
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Q9. Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series?
(a) CH4 (b) C2H6
(c) C3H6 (d) C4H8

Q10. The name of the compound CH3 ─ CH2 ─ CHO is

(a) Propanal (b) Propane
(c) Ethanol (d) Ethanal

30
 Lab Activity- 5
To study the physical and chemical properties of Acetic Acid
1 What is the physical state of Acetic Acid?
2 What is Vinegar solution?
3 Write the IUPAC name of Acetic Acid.
4 What happens when acetic acid is mixed in water?
5 What is glacial acetic acid?
6 Does acetic acid have any odour?
7 What happens when acetic acid is treated with sodium bicarbonate ?Write the chemical
equation involved.
8 When acetic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate, the salt ‘X’ is formed and gas ‘Y’
is evolved. (a) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’. (b) Write balanced chemical equation of above reaction.
(c) Describe a test to identify the gas ‘Y’ evolved.

31
 CHAPTER 5;PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
VSA -1 Mark
1. Write down three elements that show Dobereiner’s triads.
2. Write down two drawbacks of Newland’s law of octaves.
3.What was the need for classification of elements ?
4. Which important property did Mendeleev used to classify the elements in his periodic table
5 What do you mean by valency ?
6.How many elements are known till date ?
7. State Modern Periodic law.
8.Name the elements and its valency having electronic configuration: 2,8,3.
9.How many rows and columns are there in modern periodic table?
10.Why properties of elements are different of same period ?
SA I -(2 Marks)
1.How does the tendency to lose electrons change in a group and why?
2.Why He, Ne and Ar are called inert gases ?
3 Mention one physical and one chemical property on the basis of which Mendeleev
classified elements in his periodic table?
4. Write two limitations of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.
5. Why is the position assigning to hydrogen in the periodic table considered anomalous ?
6.Whatdoyoumeanby metallic characterofanelement ?How doesitvaryaswe godown the group?

7. Why metallic oxides are basic in nature whereas non-metallic oxides are acidic innature
8. How does the atomic size vary as we go down a group and move left to right in aperiod
SA II-3Marks
1. Four elements P, Q, R and S have atomic number 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively. Answer
the following :
(a)WhatisthevalencyofQ?
(b) Classify these elements as metals and non-metals.
(c)Which of these elements will form the most basic oxide ?
32
3. Study the variation in the atomic radii of elements given below and arrange them in
increasing order : Na Li Rb Cs K
Atomic Radii 186 152 246 262 231
(a) Name the element which has the smallest and the largest atomic size.
(b)How does the atomic size vary as we go down a group ?
4.What are metalloids?Write two examples.
5 An element ‘X’ has atomic number 13.
a) Write its electronic configuration.
b) State the group to which it belongs.
c) Is X a metal or non-metal.
d) Write the formula of its bromide.

6 An element X has same number of electrons in the first and the fourth shell as well as in the
second and the third shell
a) Write down the electronic configuration of the element
b) Write down the group no and the the period to which it belong
c) What is the valency of the element
d)
LA-5 Mark

1 An element ‘E’ has electronic configuration – 2,8,6

a) State the group to which it belongs
b) State the period to which it belongs
c) State the number of valence electrons present in E.
d) State its valency.

2 Choose from the following:

4Be, 9F, 19K, 20Ca
a) The element having one electron in the outermost shell.
b) Elements of the same group.

3 Name the following:

a) Three elements that have a single electron in the outermost shell.
a) Two elements that have two electrons in the outermost shell.
a) Three elements with filled outermost shells.

4 Table given below shows a part of the periodic table:

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

33
 Using the table explain why
a) Li and Na are considered as active metals.
b) Atomic size of Mg is less than that of Na.
c) Fluorine is more reactive than chlorine.

5 The atomic number of three elements X, Y and Z are 3, 11 and 17 respectively. State giving
reasons which two elements will show similar chemical properties.

6 A metal M forms an oxide having the formula M2O3. It belongs to 3rd period in the modern
periodic table. Write the atomic number and valency of the metal.
7a) Account for the following;
i) Elements in a group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties
ii) Atomic size decreases across a period although the atomic number increases.
b) Given below are some elements of the modern periodic table
4Be, 9F, 14Si, 19K, 20Ca
i) Select the element that has one electron in the outermost shell and write its electronic
configuration.
ii) Select two elements that belong to the same group..
iii) Select two elements that belong to the same period
HOTS
Topic: Periodic Classification of Elements
1 Give reasons for the following:
a) Atom is electrically neutral but still it has a tendency to form an ion.
b) The size of cation is smaller while that of an anion is bigger than the atom from which
it is formed.
2 What were the two major shortcomings of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? How have these
been removed in the modern periodic table?
3 Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 and 16 respectively. Write the electronic
configuration for these elements. To which period of the modern periodic table do these two
elements belong? What type of bond will be formed between them and why?
4 An element X (atomic number 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number 20) to form a
divalent halide.
a) Where in the periodic table are X and Y placed.
b) Classify X and Y as metal, non-metal or metalloid.
c) What will be the nature of oxide of Y? Identify the nature of bonding in the compound
formed.
d) Draw the electron dot structure of the divalent halide.
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
EXTENDED LEARNING
1) Upto which element ,the law of octaves was found to be applicable.
34
 i)oxygen ii)calcium
iii)cobalt iv)potassium
2) Which of the given elements A,B,C,D and E with atomic number 2,3,7,10 and 30
respectively belong to the same period.
i)A,B,C ii)B,C,D
iii)A,D,E iv)B,D,E
3) The elements A,B,C,D and E have atomic number 9,11,17,12 and 13 respectively. Which
pair of elements belong to the same group
i) A ,B ii)B,D
iii) A,C iv)D,E
4) Where would you locate the element with electronic configuration 2,8 in the modern
periodic table.
i) group 8 ii)group 2
iii) group 18 iv) group 10
5) Which of the following will the outermost shell for elements of period 2.
i)K shell ii)L shell
iii)M shell iv) N shell
6) Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O,F ad N.
i) O,F,N ii)N,F,O
iii) O,N,F iv)F,O,N
7) Which among the following elements has the largest atomic radii.
i) Na ii) Mg
iii)K iv)Ca
8) Which of the following elements would lose an electron easily.
i)Mg ii)Na
iii)K iv)Ca
9) Which of the following elements does not lose an electron easily.
i) Na ii) F
iii) Mg iv) Al

35
10) Arrange the following elements in the order of their decreasing metallic character.
Na,Si.Mg,Al,Cl
i)Cl>Si>Al>Mg>Na ii)Na>Mg>Al>Si>Cl
iii)Na>Al>Mg>Cl>Si iv)Al>Na>Si>Ca>Mg
11) Arrange the following elements in the order of their increasing non-metallic character.
Li,O,C,Be,F
i)F<O<C<Be<Li ii)Li<Be<C<O<F
iii)F<C<O<Be<Li iv)F<O<Be<C<Li

36
 CHAPTER 16 : Management Of Natural Resources

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1Name aclean fuelotherthan LPGandNaturalgas.

2. Name two fossil fuels.
3. Name the most common practice used to recharge ground water.
4. Name any two inexhaustible resources.
5. Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicate contamination of water.
6. Write full form of CFC.
7. What is biodiversity ?
8. Why is reuse better than recycle ?
9. Name the person who is remembered for protection of Khejri trees in Rajasthan.
10. Who are called stake holders ?

(2 Marks)
1. What is meant by sustainable development ?
2. Name two measures you would take to conserve electricity in your house.
3. Why should fossil fuels be used judiciously ?
4. List two advantages of water harvesting.
5. List two disadvantages of building dams.
6. Why should we conserve forest and wild life ?
7. What are the 3R’s to save our environment ?
8.How is burning of fossilfuels affecting ourenvironment ?
9. What are the uses of coal and petroleum products ?
10. Name the rivers with which following dams are associated :
(a) Tehri Dam
(b) Bhakra Dam
(3 Marks)
1. Write a short note on ‘Chipko Andolan’.
2. (a) What is rain water harvesting ?
(b) What are the advantages of storing water in the ground ?
3. Explain the four main stake holders in the management of forest resource.
4. (a) What is natural resource ?
(b) Why do we need to manage our natural resources ?
5.List three methods thatcanbetakentoconserve energy resources.
6 Name any two items which can easily be recycled but generally thrown in the dustbins by
us?
7 Why are forests considered “biodiversity hot spots”? List two ways in which an individual
can effectively contribute to the management of forests and wildlife.
8 Why must we conserve our forests? List any two causes for deforestation to take place.
5 Mark
1 How are damages caused to forest?

37
2 What practices are followed for conservation and protection of environment?
3. Name one National Park and a bird sanctuary developed in our country to protect wild life,
rare animals and birds.
4. How would the setting of a factory on the bank of a river affect the population down
stream?
5. Why the management of the forest and wildlife resources considered as a challenging task?
6. Industrilisation is one main cause of deterioration of environment. Discuss
7. How did Chipko Andolan ultimately benefit the local population? Give any three benefits?
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
HOTS
1. What does the high level of total coliform count in river Ganga indicates?
2. What are “biodiversity hot spots”? What is the measure of the biodiversity?
3. . Why scarcity of water is there in our country inspite of nature’s monsoon bounty?
5. What is the effect of continuous depletion of ground water along coastal region?
6. Why is dependence of man on nature greater than that of any other organism?
7. In addition to low rainfall, what are the other reasons for non-availability of water in arid
and semi-arid zones of our country?
8. Why is mining a big source of pollution?
9. Write two points to be kept in mind while storing water in tanks.
10. Quote three instances where human intervention saved the forests from destruction.

38
 LAB ACTIVITY-5

AimTo study the foaming capacity of soaps with soft & hard water.
1 What is soft water?
2 What is scum
3What arec soaps. ?
4 Distinguish between soaps and detergents.
5 What is the cause of hardness of water.?
6 Why does soap not form lather easily in hard water.
7Sunil took two water samples in test tubes A and B. He added soap solution to both. He
added soap solution to both. He observed soap lather in Aand no lather in B. What can you
conclude from this?

39
 Weekly test papers of 2016-17

WEEKLY TEST 1
SUB: CHEMISTRY M.M-15
Instructions; Q1,2,3 carry 1 mark each
Q4 .5.6 carry 2 mark each
Q 7,8 carry 3 mark each
Q1 Give one example of a chemical reaction occurring in our daily life.
Q 2 Mention any one change that takes place in a chemical reaction.
Q 3 Write the word equation for thefollowing reaction;
Burning of magnesium ribbon in air.
Q 4 What is a balanced chemical equation? Why do we need to balance a chemical
equation?
Q5 Translate the following statement into a chemical equation;
Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium Sulphate to give a white precipitate of Barium
Sulphate and Aluminium Chloride.
Q 6 Write a balanced equation for the reaction with state symbols;
a) When an aqueous solution of Sodium Hydroxide is added into Ferric Sulphate
solution, a brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide is formed along with Sodium
Sulphate in the solution
b) CalciumHydroxide solution reacts slowly with Carbondioxide in air to form thin
layer of CalciumCarbonate.
Q 7 What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute sulphuric acid?
e) Write any two observation.
f) Write a balanced chemical equation.
Q 8 With the help of an activity ,show that a chemical reaction is characterised by evolution
of a gas

40
 CLASS X
WEEKLY TEST 2 2016 M.M 15
INSTRUCTIONS.Q 1,2,3 carry 1 mark.
Q4a),b),c) carry 2 marks each
Q 5a),b),6 carry 3 marks each.
Q 1 The pH of solution A is 4 and the pH of solution B is 9.Which solution is acidic and
which one is basic? (1)
Q 2 A metal compound ‘A’ reacts with dilute hydrochloric and produces effervescence.The
evolved gas is a non supporter of combustion. If one of the products formed is calcium
chloride ,write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
(1)
Q 3 Name the acid present in a) Tomato b) Bee sting. (1)
Q 4 Give reasons for the following:(2x3)
g) an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity
h) Metallic oxides are basic in nature.
i) It is recommended that acid should be added to water and not vice versa while diluting
an acid.
Q 5a) Which gas is liberated when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid.How will you test
the presence of the gas evolved.
b) A small amount of hydrochloric acid is always produced in the stomach. Is it useful
or harmful and in what way ? If excess of acid is produced in the stomach, whatdowe do
Q 6 What do you infer about the acidic character of
i) dry HClgas and ii)HClsolution.Explain with the help of an activity

41
 CLASS X
WEEKLY TEST – 3
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY MM : 15

Q1 to Q3 carry one mark each

Q4 (a), (b), (c) carry two marks each
Q5 and Q6 carry three marks each
Q1. The number of single and double bonds present in benzene are :-
j) 9 and 12 (b) 9 and 3
k) 12 and 3 (d) 12 and 6 (1)
Q2. Select alkene and alkyne from the following –
C6H12, C3H4, C2H6, CH4
Q3. What is the IUPAC name of
i) CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH2 ii) H3C – CH – CH3
│ |
CH3 CH3
Q4.a) Carbon generally forms compounds by Covalent bonds. Give reason.
b) What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons .
c) State two properties of carbon which dead to a very large number of carbon compounds
Q5 What are isomers ? Draw the structures of isomers of hexane along with their IUPAC
names.
Q6. Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural formula

42
 Class X
First Term Examination 2017-18
Subject: Chemistry
Set C1
M.M.:28
General Instructions:
Q1, Q8 and Q9 carries 2 marks each
Q2 to Q5 carries 3 marks each
Q6 and Q7 carries 5 marks each
SECTION A
1. Identify the oxidation and reduction reactions in the following chemical equation. Also
mention the oxidizing and reducing agent.
(2)

MnO2 + 4HCl - MnCl2 + H2O +Cl2

2 (i) Define rancity. State one example.

(2)
(ii) Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
(1)

3. Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:

(3)
a) Zinc + Silver Nitrate  Zinc Nitrate + Silver
b) Hydrogen Sulphide + Oxygensulphur dioxide + water
c) Hydrogen + Chlorine  Hydrogen Chloride

4. A white powdery substance having strong smell of chlorine is used for disinfecting
drinking water supply.
(i) Identify the substance and write a balanced chemical equation for its preparation.
(1+1)
(ii) Give any one use of the substance other than disinfecting water.

5. Give reason for the following:

(3)
a) While diluting an acid, acid should be added to water and not water to acid.
b) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.
c) Taking antacid relieves the pain of acidity.

43
6. Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The
compound is also formed by chlor alkali process. On the basis of the above information
answer the following questions:
a) Write chemical name and formula of ‘X’.
(1)
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for Chlor-Alkali process.
(1)
c) Name the type of reaction that occurs when ‘X’ is treated with dil HCl. Also write a
balanced chemical equation.
(2)
d) Name the gases evolved at anode and cathode in Chlor-Alkali process.
(1)

7. In the experimental set up given below a student carried out electrolysis of water. He
added a few drops of dil sulphuric acid to water before passing electric current.

On the basis of the above mentioned information answer the following questions:
(5)
a) Why did the student add dil sulphuric acid to water before passing current?
b) List the two observations recorded by the student.
c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction taking place.
d) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.

Section B
8. A student added solid sodium carbonate in 2ml of dil HCl. A gas was evolved which
turned lime water milky.
(2)
a) Identify the gas evolved.
b) Write a balanced chemical equation of solid sodium carbonate with dil HCl.

44
 9. An iron nail was dipped in a solution of copper sulphate for above 30 minutes.
(2)
a) State the change in colour observed
b) Give the reason for the change.

Class X
First Term Examination 2017-18
Subject: Chemistry
Set C1 Solutions
M.M.:28

1. Identify the oxidation and reduction reactions in the following chemical equation. Also
mention the oxidizing and reducing agent.
(2)

MnO2 + 4HCl - MnCl2 + H2O +Cl2

Ans:
reduction
MnO2 + 4HCl - MnCl2 + H2O +Cl2
Oxidation
Reducing Agent: HCl
Oxidising agent: MnO2
2. (i) Define rancity. State one example.
(2)
(ii) Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
(1)

Ans: (i) It is defined as the process of oxidation of fats in which they taste and smell foul.
E.g. chips when left out taste bad.
(ii) It is because nitrogen prevents the oxidation of fats and delays rancidity.
3. Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(3)
a) Zinc + Silver Nitrate  Zinc Nitrate + Silver
b) Hydrogen Sulphide + Oxygen  sulphur dioxide + water
c) Hydrogen + Chlorine  Hydrogen Chloride
Ans:
a) Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
b) 2H2S + 3O2 2H2O + 2SO2
c) H2 + Cl2 2HCl

45
4. A white powdery substance having strong smell of chlorine is used for disinfecting
drinking water supply.
(i) Identify the substance and write a balanced chemical equation for its
preparation. (1+1)
(ii) Give any one use of the substance other than disinfecting water.
(1)
Ans:
(i) Bleaching powder; Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
(ii) It is used for bleaching cotton, linen, wood pulp in textile and paper industry
respectively.

5. Give reason for the following:

(3)
a) While diluting an acid, acid should be added to water and not water to acid.
b) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.
c) Taking antacid relieves the pain of acidity.

Ans:

(i) This is because on adding water to acid the acid may splurge out and due to local
heating the glass might break as the heat is released in large amount.
(ii) It is because dry HCl gas does not have acidic property as it is not in aqueous form.
(iii) It is because antacid is basic in nature and neutralizes the acid in the stomach and
gives relief from pain.

6. Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The
compound is also formed by chlor alkali process. On the basis of the above information
answer the following questions:
a) Write chemical name and formula of ‘X’.
(1)
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for Chlor-Alkali process.
(1)
c) Name the type of reaction that occurs when ‘X’ is treated with dil HCl. Also write a
balanced chemical equation.
(2)
d) Name the gases evolved at anode and cathode in Chlor-Alkali process.
(1)

Ans:
a) ‘X’ is sodium hydroxide i.e. NaOH
b) 2NaCl +2H2O ---electrolysis--- 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
c) NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O. This is neutralization reaction.
d) The gas evolved at anode is chlorine and cathode is hydrogen.
46
7. In the experimental set up given below a student carried out electrolysis of water. He added
a few drops of dil sulphuric acid to water before passing electric current. (5)

On the basis of the above mentioned information answer the following questions:
(1+2+1+1)
a) Why did the student add dil sulphuric acid to water before passing current?
b) List the two observations recorded by the student.
c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction taking place.
d) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.

Ans: a) it is added to increase conductivity.

b) The two observations are:
i) The gas released at anode is half the volume of gas released at cathode.
ii) The gas at anode burns the burning splinter more brightly and the gas at cathode
burns with a pop sound.
c) 2H2O ----ele current---------2H2 + O2
d) Electrolytic decomposition.
Section B
8. A student added solid sodium carbonate in 2ml of dil HCl. A gas was evolved which
turned lime water milky.
(2)
a) Identify the gas evolved.
b) Write a balanced chemical equation of solid sodium carbonate with dil HCl.
Ans: a) gas evolved is carbon dioxide
b) Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
a) An iron nail was dipped in a solution of copper sulphate for above 30 minutes.
State the change in colour observed.
b) Give the reason for the change.
Ans: a) the colour of the solution changes from blue to green.
b) Iron being more reactive than copper displaces copper from the solution.
47
 CLASS X
MID TERM 2017
CHEMISTRY
SET B1 M.M 28
Instructions
1 All questions are compulsory.
2 Q1(a,b) Q8(a,b), Q9(a,b) carry 2 marks each
3 Q 2(a,b,)Q 3,(a,b)Q 4(a,b,c),Q 5(a,b) carry 3 marks each.
4Q 6(a,b),7(a,b,c,d,e) carry5 marks each
Q 1 a) Name two metals that offer resistance to heat.
b) What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. (1+1)
Q2 a) Write a chemical equation of a reaction which is accompanied by change in
temperature.
b) When a solution of Potassium Chloride is mixed with Silver Nitrate solution,an
insoluble white substance is formed.Write a balanced chemical reaction involved and also
mention the type of reaction (1+2)
Q 3 a) Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? (1)
b) Raj had a lot of pakoras in a dinner party.At night he was very restless and complained
of a stomach ache to his mother.His mother immediately gave him a pinch of antacid and he
felt relieved.
i) what are antacids?Give an example.
ii) What values are shown by his mother? (1+1)
Q 4 a) Write the electron dot structure of Sodium and Chlorine atoms.
b) Show the formation of Sodium Chloride by transfer of electrons.
c) Name the ions present in this compound- sodium chloride (1+1+1)
Q 5 a) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
b) Why does carbon forms a large number of compounds? (1+2)
Q 6 a) Draw the Electron Dot structure of cyclopentane. (2)

48
 b) Define Isomerism.Draw and write the names of all possible isomers of pentane.(3)

Q 7 Give reasons for the following;

a) Sodium is kept in kerosene oil
b) Aluminium vessels never corrodewhen exposed to moist air. .
c) Ionic compounds have high melting points
d) Zinc can displace copper from its salt solution
e) Carbonates and Sulphides are usually converted into oxides prior to extraction of
metals (5)
or
a) Distinguish betweenCalcination and Roasting.
b) What is meant by refining of metals? Explain the electrolytic refining of Copper with the
help of a diagram (2+3)
Section B
Q 8 a) On adding a few drops of universal indicator to three unknown colourless solutions
(P),(Q),(R) taken separately in three test tubes respectively,a student observed the changes in
colour as green in (P),red in(Q) and violet in (R .What is the decreasing order of pH of the
three solutions ?
b) What do you observe when a strip of Zinc metal is put in Copper Sulphate
solution?(1+1)
Q 9 a) What happens when lead nitrate is heated in a test tube?Write the chemical equation.
b) Which gas is liberated when sodium hydrogen carbonate is treated with dilute HCl?
Write the chemical equation involved. (1+1)

49
 CLASS X
MID TERM 2017
CHEMISTRY
SET B1 (Solutions) M.M 28
Instructions
1 All questions are compulsory.
2 Q1(a,b) Q8(a,b), Q9(a,b) carry 2 marks each
3 Q 2(a,b,)Q 3,(a,b)Q 4(a,b,c),Q 5(a,b) carry 3 marks each.
4Q 6(a,b),7(a,b,c,d,e) carry5 marks each
Q 1 a) Name two metals that offer resistance to heat.
b) What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. (1+1)
Ans a) Lead and Mercury
b) Such metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and
water are known as amphoteric oxides. Aluminium oxide reacts in the following manner with
acids and bases –
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O
Q2 a) Write a chemical equation of a reaction which is accompanied by change in
temperature.
b) When a solution of Potassium Chloride is mixed with Silver Nitrate solution,an
insoluble white substance is formed.Write a balanced chemical reaction involved and also
mention the type of reaction (1+2)
Ans a) Zn + HCl→ ZnCl2+H2
b) KCl + AgNO3→AgCl + KNO3
Q 3 a) Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? (1)
b) Raj had a lot of pakoras in a dinner party.At night he was very restless and complained
of a stomach ache to his mother.His mother immediately gave him a pinch of antacid and he
felt relieved.
i) What are antacids? Give an example.
ii) What values are shown by his mother? (1+1)

50
Ans A) An aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity because the ions are responsible
for the acidic character and ions are present in aqueous solution which are responsible for the
flow of electric current.
b) i) Antacids are mild bases that neutralise the excess acid. Magnesium hydroxide (Milk
of magnesia), a mild base, is often used for this purpose.
ii) intelligent,scientific bent of mind.
Q 4 a) Write the electron dot structure of Sodium and Chlorine atoms.
b) Show the formation of Sodium Chloride by transfer of electrons.
c) Name the ions present in this compound- sodium chloride (1+1+1)
Ansa) Pg 47 NCERT
b) PG47 NCERT
c) Na+ cation, Cl- anion
Q 5 a) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
b) Why does carbon forms a large number of compounds? (1+2)
Ans a) But-1-ene
b) Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to
large molecules. This property is called catenation. These compounds may have long chains
of carbon, branched chains of carbon or even carbon atoms arranged in rings. In addition,
carbon atoms may be linked by single, double or triple bonds.
Q 6 a) Draw the Electron Dot structure of cyclopentane. (2)
b) Define Isomerism.Draw and write the names of all possible isomers of pentane.(3)
Ans a) C5H10
b) Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural formula are termed
as isomers and the phenomenon is called Isomerism.
Q 7 Give reasons for the following;
a) Sodium is kept in kerosene oil
b) Aluminium vessels never corrode when exposed to moist air. .
c) Ionic compounds have high melting points
d) Zinc can displace copper from its salt solution
e) Carbonates and Sulphides are usually converted into oxides prior to extraction of
metals (5)
51
 Ans a) Metals like sodium react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept in the open. Hence,
to protect them and to prevent accidental fires, they are kept immersed in kerosene oil.
b) At ordinary temperature, the surfaces of metals like aluminium, is. covered with a
thin layer of oxide. The protective oxide layer prevents the metal from further oxidation
c) Ionic compounds have high melting points. This is because a considerable amount of
energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction
d) Zinc is more reactive than copper.
e) It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide, as compared to its sulphides and
carbonates. Therefore, prior to reduction, the metal sulphides and carbonates must be
converted into metal oxides
or
a) Distinguish between Calcination and Roasting.
b) What is meant by refining of metals? Explain the electrolytic refining of Copper with
the help of a diagram (2+3)
Ans

calination
It is carried out for carbonate ores
The carbonate ores are changed into oxides
by heating strongly in limited air
roasting
It is carried out for sulphide ores
The sulphide ores are converted into oxides
by heating strongly in the presence of excess
air.

Calcination ZnCO3 (s)→ ZnO(s) + CO 2(g 2ZnS(s) + 3O2 (g)→ 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2 (g)

b) Electrolytic Refining: Many metals, such as copper, zinc, tin, nickel, silver, gold, etc., are
refined electrolytically. In this process, the impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of
pure metal is made the cathode. A solution of the metal salt is used as an electrolyte.. On
passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode dissolves into the
electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the
cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution, whereas, the insoluble impurities settle
down at the bottom of the anode and are known as anode mud. Fig3.12 Pg 52 NCERT
Section B
Q 8 a) On adding a few drops of universal indicator to three unknown colourless solutions
(P),(Q),(R) taken separately in three test tubes respectively,a student observed the changes in
colour as green in (P),red in(Q) and violet in (R .What is the decreasing order of pH of the
three solutions ?
b) What do you observe when a strip of Zinc metal is put in Copper Sulphate solution?(1+1)

52
Ans a) P---green
Q----red
R==violet
Q,P,R
b) The blue colour of copper sulphate fades away and becomes colourless due to the
formation of zinc sulphate and a reddish brown layer ofcopper is deposited on zinc metal.

Q 9 a) What happens when lead nitrate is heated in a test tube?Write the chemical equation.
b) Which gas is liberated when sodium hydrogen carbonate is treated with dilute HCl?
Write the chemical equation involved. (1+1)
Ans a) Brown fumes are observed due to th e emission of NO2gas.
2Pb(NO3) 2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
b) CO2 gas
NaHCO3+ HCl(aq) →NaCl(aq) H2O(l) + CO2

53
 CLASS – X
Pre Board EXAMINATION – 2017-18
SUBJECT – CHEMISTRY
SET – C1/C2(SOLUTIONS)
MAX. MARKS 26

Q1 and Q2 carry 1 mark each.

Q3,Q4, Q9 and Q10 carry 2 marks each.
Q5 and Q6 carry 3 marks each.
Q7 and Q8 carry 5 marks each.

Section A

Q1/Q2 What is Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award? (1)

Ans. Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrificed her life along with 363 other persons for preventing
felling of Khejri trees. Govt. of India has recently instituted an award in her memory
for protection of wild life.

Q2/Q1 Which one has the bigger size? (1)

Na (11) or Cl (17), Cl (17) or F (9)

Ans. Out of Na (11) and Cl (17), Sodium has bigger size.

Out of Cl(17) and F (9), Chlorine has bigger size.

Q3/Q4 While constructing a house, a builder selects marble flooring and marble table top for
the kitchen where vinegar and juices of lemon tamarind etc. are more used for
cooking. Will you agree to this selection and why?
(2)

Ans. No this selection is wrong.

Vinegar and jucies of lemon, tamarind etc., are acidic solution. Acid reacts with
marble. Marble is calcium carbonate which react with acids.

CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH --- (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O

Q4/Q3 In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X
is formed as by product. The gas X reacts with dry slaked lime to give a compound Y
which is used as a bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y. Write the
equation of X with dry slaked lime. (2)

Ans. Cl2 gas is obtained as a by product in chloralkali process so X is chlorine.

Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ---- CaOCl2, Y is CaOCl2

54
Q5/Q6 When potassium iodide solution is added to a soluton of lead (11) nitrate in a test tube,
a precipitate is formed (3)

i) What is the colour of this precipitate

ii) Name the compound precipitated and also type of recation.
iii) Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

Ans.
i) The colour of precipitate is yellow.
ii) The compound precipitated is lead iodide, double displacement reaction.
iii) Pb(NO3) 2+ KI ------- > PbI2(S) + 2KNO3(aq)

Q6/Q5 Consider the following elements: (3)

20A, 8B, 18C, 16D, 4E, 2F

Which of the above elements you would expect to be

i) In group 2 of the periodic table

ii) In group 16 of the periodic table
iii) What type of bond will be formed when the element A reacts with B? Explain.

Ans. i) Element 4E and 20A are in group 2 of the periodic table as 2, 2 is electronic
configuration of 4E and 2, 8, 8, 2 is for 20A.

ii) 8B and 16D occupy group 16 of the periodic table.

iv) A and B will react to form AB with an ionic bond.

OR

Q6 /Q5a) List the Triads that Dobereiner could identify? (1)

b) Which scientist believed that no more elements will be discovered in
future? (1)
c) State Mendeleev”s periodic law. In which year was his periodic table
published? (1)

Ans. a) Triads

Li Ca Cl
Na Sr Br
K Ba I

b) John Newland
c) Properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic mass. 1872
Q7/Q8 Explain the following:
1x5=5 a) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3.
b) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.

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 c) NaCl is not a conductof electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct
electricity in aqueous as well as in the molten state.
d) Iron articles are galvanized.
e) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.

Ans. a) When Al is dipped in HNO3, a layer of Al2O3 is formed on aluminium which

decrease the reactivity of Al.

b) Carbon is less reactive than Na and Mg

c) In solid state, the ions Na+ and Cl- are not free to move about in aqueous
solution and molten state the ions can move and conduct electricity.

d) This prevent corrosion of iron on zinc.

e) Because they are highly reactive metals, they react with oxygen, and carbon
dioxide to form oxides, carbonates etc.

Q8/Q7 a) How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and
write the reaction involved – (2)
i) Ethanol to ethane
ii) Propanol to propanoic acid

Write the reactions.

b) Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. Both soap and detergents are
some type of salts. What is the difference between them?
(2+1)
Conc.H2SO4
Ans. a) i) CH3CH2OH ---------------- CH2 = CH2 + H2O
Heat

Alk KMnO4
ii) CH3CH2CH2OH ---------------------- CH3CH2
Heat
b) Explanation from NCERT
Soaps are sodium salts of long chain fatty acids while detergents are
ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acid.

SECTION B
Q9/10 i) Test tube A contains a solution of sodium sulphate and test tube B contains a
solution of barium chloride, the two solutions are mixed. ( ½ + ½)
a) What do you observe on mixing the two solutions?
b) Write the type of reaction.
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Ans. a) A white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
b) Precipitation or double displacement reaction.
Q9/10 ii) A zinc wire discharges the green colour of ferrous sulphate and an iron wire
discharges the blue colour of copper sulphate. Arrange the metals in
decreasing order of reactivity.
(1)
Ans. Zinc > Iron > Copper
Q10/9 In an experiment on the determination of pH of substances, the following materials
were taken up:
(i) Oxalic acid (ii) Vinegar (iii) Milk of magnesia (iv) Backing soda

Which two pairs of the above substances have similar pH values. (1)
Ans. Oxalic acid and vinegar are both weak acids. Milk of magnesia and baking soda are
weak bases.
Q (b) Sunil took two water samples in test tubes A and B. He added soap solution to both.
He added soap solution to both. He observed soap lather in Aand no lather in B. What
can you conclude from this? (1)
Ans. Test tube A contains soft water
Test tube B contains hard water

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 Sample Question Paper 2017-18
Science
Class – X
Time allowed: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
(i)The question paper comprises two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both thesections.
(ii)All questions are compulsory.
(iii)All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
(iv)There is an internal choice in three questions of three marks each, two questions offive
marks each and one question of two marks each.
(v)Question numbers 1 and 2 in Section-A are one mark question. They are to beanswered in
one word or in one sentence.
(vi)Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section- A are two marks questions. These are to beanswered
in 30 words each.
(vii)Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to
beanswered in about 50 words each.
(viii)Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are 5 marks questions. These are to beanswered
in 70 words each.
(ix)Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section- B are based on practical skills. Each question isa
two marks question. These are to be answered in brief.

1 Give an example of a flower which contains both stamens and carpels.

2 Mention any one point of difference between Pepsin and Trypsin.
3.An element “X” has mass number 35 and the number of neutrons, is 18. Identifythe group
number and period of “X”.
4.An object of height 1.2m is placed before a concave mirror of focal length 20cm so that a
real image is formed at a distance of 60cm from it. Find the position of an object. What will
be the height of the image formed?
5.Why is there a need to harness non conventional sources of energy? Give two main reasons.
6Name the electric device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Draw the
labelled diagram and explain the principle involved in this device.
OR
i)What is the function of earth wire in electrical instruments?
ii)Explain what is short circuiting an electric supply.
iii)What is the usual current rating of the fuse wire in the line to feed
(a)Lights
and fans? (b) Appliances of 2kW or more power?
7Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit containing a cell, a key , an ammeter , a resistor
of 4Ω in series with a combination of two resistors (8Ω each) in parallel and a voltmeter
across parallel combination. Each of them dissipate maximum energy and can withstand a
maximum power of 16W without melting. Find the maximum current that can flow through
the three resistors
8In the electrolysis of water,
a)Name the gas collected at anode and cathode
b)Why is the volume of gas collected at one electrode double than the other?
c)What would happen if dil H2SO4 is not added to water?
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9 Differentiate between the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table and
Modern periodic table.
10 Explain the ways in which glucose is broken down in absence
of oxygen.
OR
List three differences between arteries and veins.
11How doMendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
12 Rohit focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex lens. He noted
down the position of the candle , screen and lens as under :Position of candle = 26.0
cmPosition of convex lens = 50.0 cm
Position of screen = 74.0 cm
i)What is the focal length of the convex lens?
ii)Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards the lens at a position of 38
cm?
iii)Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case (ii) as said above?
13“pH has a great importance in our daily life” explain by giving three examples.
OR
A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening whenmixed with
a proper quantity of water. Identify the compound and write its chemical formula. Write the
chemical e
quation for its preparation. Mention any one use of the compound.
14Why are fossils consideredimportant in the study of evolution? Explain two ways by which
age of fossils can be estimated.
15 Our government launches campaigns to provide information about AIDS prevention,
testing and treatment by putting posters, conducting radio shows and using other agencies of
advertisements.
a)To which category of diseases AIDS belong? Name its causative organ
ism.
b)Which kind of value is government trying to develop in the citizens by
conducting the above kind of programs.
16 With the help of a labelled circuit diagram wire describe an activity to illustrate the pattern
of the magnetic field lines around a straightcurrent carrying long conducting wire .
i)Name the rule that is used to find the direction of magnetic field associated with a current
carrying conductor.
ii)Is there a similar magnetic field produced around a thin beam of moving (a) alpha particles
and (b) neutrons? Justify your answer.
17You are given balls and stick model of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms and
sufficient number of sticks. In how many ways one can join the models of six carbon atoms
and fourteen hydrogen atoms to
form different molecules of C6H14
OR
Draw the structural formulae of all the possible isomers of the compound with the molecular
formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures.

18a)i)Draw a neat diagram of human brain and

ii)Label Medulla and Cerebellum
iii)Write the functions of the above mentioned parts
59
b)”Both overproduction and underproduction of Growth hormone leads to
disorders in the body.” Explain
19Noopur needs a lens of power -4.5D for correction of her vision.
a)What kind of defect in vision is she suffering from?
b)What is the focal length and nature of the corrective lens?
c)Draw ray diagrams showing the (a) defected eye and (b) correction for this defect.
d)What are the causes of this defect?
20a)What is reactivity series? How does the reactivity series of metals help in predicting
therelative activities of various metals?
b)Suggest different chemical processes used for obtaining a metal from its oxides for metals
in themiddle of the reactivity series and metals towards the topof the reactivity series. Support
youranswer with one example each.
21a)“Improvements in our lifestyle have resulted in greater amounts of waste generation.”
Give two examples to support the given statement. Suggest one change that we can
incorporate inour lifestyle in order to reduce non-biodegradable waste.
b)The following organisms form a food chain.
Insect, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog
Which of these will have highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the
phenomenon.
OR
a)What do you understand by “Watershed Management”? List any two
advantages of watershed management.
b)“Human beings occupy the top level in any food chain.” What are the
consequences of this on our body?
SECTION–B
22What do you observe when you drop a few dropsof acetic acid to a test tube
containing:a)Phenolphthaleinc) distilled waterb)Universal indicatord) sodium hydrogen
carbonate
23Riya performs two set of experiments to study the length of the foam formed which are as
follows:
Set I: she takes 10 mlof distilled water in test tube “A” and adds6 drops of liquid soap in it
and shakesthe test tube vigorously.
Set II: she takes 10 ml of distilled water in a test tube “A” and adds5-6 drops of liquid soap
with half spoonful of CaSO4 in it and shakes the test tube.
Write your observation and reason
.
24A student observed a permanent slide showing asexual reproduction in yeast.Draw
diagrams of the observations he must have made from the slide. Name the process also.

25A student conducted an experiment to show CO2is released during respiration. List two
precautions that he/shemust take for obtaining correct observations.

26The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential
difference V acrossthe resistor are given below:

60
I (ampere) 0.5 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2 1.0 2.0 3.0 4

V (volt) 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2

Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of the resistor.
OR
In a given ammeter, a student sees that needle indicates 17 divisions in ammeterwhile
performing an experiment to verify Ohm’s law. If ammeter has 10 divisionsbetween 0 and
0.5A, then what is the value corresponding to 17 divisions?
27 Draw a path of light ray passing through a prism. Label angle of incidence and angle of
deviation in the ray diagram.

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