Department of Electronics Engineering

(NBA ACCREDIATED)
Digital Communication Laboratory
Academic Year 2019-2020
Odd Semester

Course Code ELXL 502

Subject Professor In-charge Prof. Ulka S Padwalkar
Lab Assistant Ms. Nishigandha Kharke
Student Name Rameen Tungekar
Roll Number 17103B0005
Class T.E – ETRX
Division B
Batch 1
Date of Performance 18/09/19
Date of Submission

EXPERIMENT NO. 5

Binary Phase Shift

Keying

Practical Writing
Total
Performance Presentation Sign
(10 Marks)
(5 Marks) (5 Marks)

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
 Experiment No. 5
Aim: Simulation of Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation & Demodulation.

Estimated time to complete this experiment: 2 hours

Objective: To introduce and implement Binary Phase Shift Keying modulation technique
for digital communication.

Apparatus/Resources:
Hardware: Compatible Computer System
Software: MATLAB

Theory:

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a two phase modulation scheme, where the 0’s and 1’s in
a binary message are represented by two different phase states in the carrier signal: θ=0°
for binary 1 and θ=180° for binary 0.

In BPSK, the transmitted signal is a sine wave of fixed amplitude with two phases
representing two logic levels.
VBPSK (t) = 2PS cos  0t   t  
 For logic 1   (t) = 0
 VBPSK (t) . = 2PS cos  0 t 
…(i)
 For logic 0   (t) = 
 VBPSK (t) = 2PS cos  0t   
=  2Pscos(
 t)
…(ii)
 Both signals [in equation (i) and (ii)] can be combined in one expression
as
VBPSK (t) = b (t) 2Ps cos (0t)
when 1 is transmitted : b (t) = +1
0 is transmitted : b (t) = 1.

Transmitter:

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
 Coherent Receiver:

Algorithm:

Initialization commands

BPSK Modulation

1. Generate carrier signal.

2. Start FOR loop
3. Generate binary data, message signal in polar form
4. Generate PSK modulated signal.
5. Plot message signal and PSK modulated signal.
6. End FOR loop.
7. Plot the binary data and carrier.

BFSK Demodulation

1. Start FOR loop

2. Perform correlation of PSK signal with carrier to get decision variable
3. Make decision to get demodulated binary data. If x>0, choose ‘1’ else choose ‘0’
4. Plot the demodulated binary data.

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
Flow Charts:

Flow Chart for BPSK Modulation

Start

Enter binary Select carrier signal

sequence as input with required
frequency

Binary Data Required carrier

Converted to Polar wave is generated
Form (RZ or NRZ)

Balance
Modulator

BPSK signal is
generated

END

Flow Chart for BPSK Demodulation

START

BPSK Signal

Multiplier

Low Pass Filter

Binary Sequence
output of
Demodulator

END

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
Program Code:

% BPSK Modulation
clc;
clear all;
close all;

%GENERATE CARRIER SIGNAL

Tb=1;
t=0:Tb/100:Tb;
fc=2;
c=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

%GENERATE MESSAGE SIGNAL

N=8;
m=rand(1,N);
t1=0;t2=Tb
for i=1:N
t=[t1:.01:t2]
if m(i)>0.5
m(i)=1;
m_s=ones(1,length(t));
else
m(i)=0;
m_s=-1*ones(1,length(t));
end
message(i,:)=m_s;

%PRODUCT OF CARRIER AND MESSAGE SIGNAL

bpsk_sig(i,:)=c.*m_s;

%PLOT THE MESSAGE AND BPSK MODULATED SIGNAL

subplot(5,1,2);axis([0 N -2 2]);plot(t,message(i,:),'r');
title('message signal(POLAR form)');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('m(t)');
grid on; hold on;
subplot(5,1,4);plot(t,bpsk_sig(i,:));
title('BPSK signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('s(t)');
grid on; hold on;
t1=t1+1.01; t2=t2+1.01;
end
hold off

%PLOT THE INPUT BINARY DATA AND CARRIER SIGNAL

subplot(5,1,1);stem(m);
title('binary data bits');xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');
grid on;
subplot(5,1,3);plot(t,c);
title('carrier signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('c(t)');
grid on;

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
% BPSK Demodulation
t1=0;t2=Tb
for i=1:N
t=[t1:.01:t2]

%CORRELATOR
x=sum(c.*bpsk_sig(i,:));
%decision device
if x>0
demod(i)=1;
else
demod(i)=0;
end
t1=t1+1.01;
t2=t2+1.01;
end

%PLOT THE DEMODULATED DATA BITS

subplot(5,1,5);stem(demod);
title('demodulated data');xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');
grid on

Result:

Draw BPSK Modulation and Demodulation Waveform for b(t) = 1 0 1 1 0 1 on graph paper

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020
Conclusion:

Thus, we have simulated Binary Phase Shift Keying using MATLAB software.

Advantages:

1. It is most robust modulation technique due to the fact that binary 1 and 0 are
separated by 180 degree phase shift of the carrier. Due to this property, BPSK
modulated data can travel longer distances when transmitted from base station or
subscriber stations.
2. These are used for time/frequency synchronization and channel
estimation/equalization purpose.
3. BPSK modulation is used by most of the cellular towers for long distance
communication or transmission of the data.
4. BPSK demodulator requires making only two decisions in order to recover original
binary information. Hence BPSK receiver is very simple compare to other modulation
types.
5. BPSK is power efficient modulation technique as less power is needed to transmit the
carrier with less number of bits.

Disadvantages:

1. In BPSK modulation, one bit is carried by one single analog carrier. Hence data rate in bits
per second is same as the symbol rate.
2. BPSK is not bandwidth efficient modulation technique compare to other modulation types.

Real Life Application:

1. Used in various wireless standards such as CDMA, WiMAX (16d, 16e), WLAN 11a, 11b,
11g, 11n, Satellite, DVB, Cable modem etc.
2. It can withstand severe amount of channel conditions or channel fading. It is used in
OFDM and OFDMA to modulate the pilot subcarriers used for channel estimation
and equalization.
3. Different channels are used for specific data transmission in cellular systems. The
channels used to transmit system related information which are very essential are
modulated using BPSK modulation.

Post Lab Questions: (to be answered by student after experiment is completed)

1. Difference between QPSK and O-QPSK.

2. Derive and Plot PSD for BPSK Modulated Signal? Give the Bandwidth requirement and
Spectral Efficiency for same.
3. Calculate Euclidian distance for BPSK.

Digital Communication Lab Manual – Sem V – ETRX

2019 - 2020