Ashoka

7/31/2019----Chapter 9: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims (Important for UGC NET, UPSC CSE, SSC)- Translation in Hindi, Kannada,
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NCERT History Class 6 – Notes of Chapter 7: Ashoka The
Emperor
More than 2300 years ago the Mauryas were a dynasty with three significant rulers
Chandragupta who was the founder of empire, his son Bindusara, and Bindusara’s son,
Ashoka.
Hierarchy of Maurya's Rulers
Chandragupta has support from wise man Chanakya or Kautilya.
Many ideas of Chanakya were panned in book named Arthashastra.
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7/31/2019----Chapter 9: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims (Important for UGC NET, UPSC CSE, SSC)- Translation in Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi,
videos lectures
Megasthenese was ambassador who was focused to the court of Chandragupta by the Greek
ruler of West Asia named Seleucus Nicator.
Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers of Mauryas Empire on his orders instructions
inscriptions were scratched on pillars, as well as on rock surfaces.
Most of Ashoka’s carvings were in Prakrit and were carved in to the Brahmi script.
Ruling the Empire

Mauryas Empire was so large so different parts were ruled differently.
Pataliputra was the capital of emperor and officials were selected to collect taxes.
Kings were kept a watch on the executives and additional areas or provinces were ruled from a
regional capital such as Taxila or Ujjain.
Capital Cities of Mauryas
Governor’s handles local customs according to Royal kings guidelines.
Ashoka’S Dhamma
After winning Kalinga [current coastal Odisha] Ashoka had gave up war and started to
implement Dhamma [prakrit term for Dharma]
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Worship of a god, or performance of a sacrifice were not part of Ashoka’s Dhamma, he felt
that it was his responsibility to provide guidance of his subjects through thoughts of Buddha.
So For this he has appointed officials known as the dhamma mahamatta who teach people
about dhamma and went place to place for this.
MAp of Asoka Emperor
Ashoka also figured his messages on rocks and pillars and told his dhamma mahamatta to
read that message for all those who could not spoke it by themselves.
Apart from it he also had send his messengers to spread his ideas about dhamma to other
lands, such as Syria, Egypt, Greece and Sri Lanka.
Great Wall of China
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The Great Wall of China
About 2400 years ago earlier then Mauryan Empire, Construction of This wall was began to
protect the northern frontier of the empire from pastoral people.
Embellishment of wall was started by Qin Shi Huand by Qin dynasty rulers and it was
extened by many states.
The wall was made over a period of 2000 years because the borders of the empire kept
constructed by different dynasty.
Chapter 8: Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

Around 3000 years ago the use of iron produced in the subcontinent.
About 2300 years ago some of the initial works in Tamil, known as Sangam literature, were
collected.
Because of texts were supposed to have been composed and compiled in assemblies (known as
sangams) of poets that were held in the city of Madurai, they were called Sangam.
Jatakas was stories that were probably calm by ordinary people, and then written down and
conserved by Buddhist monks.
We only just have any leftovers of palaces, markets, or of homes of ordinary people.
Perhaps some are yet to be exposed by archaeologists.
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Another way of discovery out about primary capitals is from the balance sheet of sailors and
travelers who visited them.
Crafts comprise particularly fine pottery, known as the Northern Black Polished Ware.
In the north part of the subcontinent it was usually found. It is typically black in colour, and
has a fine sheen.
Many crafts people and wholesalers now shaped associations known as shrenis.
These shrenis of crafts persons provided training, procured raw material, and distributed the
finished product. Shrenis also served as banks.
Chapter 9: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

Sangam poems mention the muvendar which is a Tamil word that means three chiefs, used
for the heads of three ruling families, the Cholas, Cheras, and Pandyas.
Around 2300 years ago they became powerful in south India.
Each of the three rulers had two centres of power:
1. one inland
2. one on the coast
Two cites were very important from those six, Puhar or Kaveripattinam, the port of the
Cholas, and Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas.
The rulers did not collect regular taxes. Instead, they required and received gifts from the
people.
A dynasty known as the Satavahanas became powerful in western India about 200 years later.
Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni was the most important ruler of the Satavahanas.
He and other Satavahana leaders were recognized as lords of the dakshinapatha, literally the
route leading to the south.
Silk Route & Kushans

Some people from China who went to cold lands on foot, horseback, and on camels, carried
silk with them. The paths they shadowed came to be known as the Silk Route.
Some kings tense to control large helpings of the route.
This was since they could income from taxes, tributes and gifts that were transported by
buyers travelling along the route.
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They often endangered the dealers who passed through their empires from occurrences by
robbers.
The best-known of the rulers who controlled the Silk Route were the Kushanas, who ruled
over central Asia and north-west India around 2000 years ago.
Their two chief centres of power were Peshawar and Mathura. Taxila was also comprised in
their kingdom.
Throughout their rule, a division of the Silk Route lengthy from Central Asia down to the
seaports at the mouth of the river Indus, from where silk was transported westwards to the
Roman Empire.
The Kushanas brought gold coins. These were secondhand by dealers sideways the Silk Route.
Spread of Buddhism
The most celebrated Kushana ruler was Kanishka, who ruled about 1900 years ago.
He prepared a Buddhist council, where academics met and debated important substances.
Ashvaghosha, a poet who composed a biography of the Buddha, the Buddhacharita, existed in
his court.
He and other Buddhist researchers now created writing in Sanskrit.
A new form of Buddhism, known as Mahayana Buddhism, now developed.
Here it got 2 distinct features:
1. earlier, the Buddha’s presence was shown in sculpture by using certain signs. Now
statues are made. From Mathura and Taxila.
2. regarded with belief inBodhisattvas. Earlier once they attained Enlightenment they
could live in complete isolation and meditate in peace.
Now they continued in the world to teach and help other people and this type of worship
prevailed throughout Central Asia, China, and later to Korea and Japan.
Dealers probably halted in cave abbeys during their travels.
The older form of Buddhism, known as Theravada Buddhism was more general in areas like
Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and other parts of Southeast Asia as well as Indonesia.
About 1600 years ago the well-known Chinese Buddhist travelers were FaXian, who came to
the subcontinent, Xuan Zang came about 1400 years ago and I-Qing, who came about 50
years after Xuan Zang.
Bhakti
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The worship of certain idols, which became a dominant feature of later Hinduism, increased
in position were the generations of additional religion
Anyone either rich or poor, appropriate to the so-called ‘high’ or ‘low’ castes, man or woman,
are able to follow the path of Bhakti.
In the Bhagavad Gita the idea of Bhakti is current.
Those who shadowed the system of Bhakti highlighted devoutness and separate worship of a
god or goddess, rather than the presentation of decorative sacrifices and once this idea
increased acceptance, artists made beautiful images of these deities.
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7/31/2019----Chapter 9: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims (Important for UGC NET, UPSC CSE, SSC)- Translation in Hindi, Kannada,

FlexiPrep Sign In Question?

Hierarchy of Maurya's Rulers

Chandragupta has support from wise man Chanakya or Kautilya.

Many ideas of Chanakya were panned in book named Arthashastra.

Ruling the Empire

Capital Cities of Mauryas

Governor’s handles local customs according to Royal kings guidelines.

MAp of Asoka Emperor

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China

Chapter 8: Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

Perhaps some are yet to be exposed by archaeologists.

Chapter 9: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

Around 2300 years ago they became powerful in south India.

Each of the three rulers had two centres of power:

2. one on the coast

Silk Route & Kushans

Some kings tense to control large helpings of the route.

He and other Buddhist researchers now created writing in Sanskrit.

A new form of Buddhism, known as Mahayana Buddhism, now developed.

Here it got 2 distinct features:

Dealers probably halted in cave abbeys during their travels.

In the Bhagavad Gita the idea of Bhakti is current.

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