B.Sc.

I Unit II
Introduction to OS: Need, Types of OS: Batch, multiprogramming, Time Sharing, online real time
System, features of Unix OS, Windows XP & windows 7.
File Handling: File naming, Files Structure, File Types, File access, File Attributes: protection,
password, creator, owner, hidden flag, read only flag, actual size. Operations on file: create, delete,
open, close, read, write, append, seek, rename
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Introduction to OS
Computer has various components that are used to perform various task of the user. These
components are keyboard, mouse, printers, memory etc. Also processor, Random Access Memory
i.e. RAM are the main components.
For the proper and efficient functioning of computer system, it is very necessary that these
devices are synchronized and coordinated correctly. This task of coordination is carried out by the
software called Operating System.
Thus, the Operating System i.e. OS can be defined as a collection of programs that monitor,
control and manage the activities and resources of the computer system and provide an environment
in which a user can work with easily.
The OS is the bridge between user and computer hardware. Computer works in the digital
language while the language of the users is not understand by the computer system. Thus, the OS has
a set of software programs which provide and interface between user and computer hardware.
The OS convert the user’s language in the computer readable form for processing and the
result from computer system is then converted into the user’s readable form.
The most important function of the OS is to handle the computer system and peripherals
devices connected with the computer system. The OS perform main functions such as-
 Input / Output devices management
 Resources Management
 Memory Management
 File Management
 Disk Management
 User Interface
 Error Detection
 Security
 Scheduling

1. Need of Operating System

Operating System is system software that works as a bridge between user programs and
hardware. Operating system allows a program to run on multiple different types of hardware. An
operating system provides a layer between the program and hardware to enable a program to use
a standard interface on any type of hardware. The operating system translates the software calls
to the hardware calls to take the operation from the hardware.
Operating system works as-
1. Easy interaction between the human & computer.