Multimedia

It means that completed information can be represented

through audio, video and animation ( text, graphics, drawing,
images, etc.)
It is a field concerned with computer control integration of
text, graphics, drawing and moving images animation and
audio and any other media where every type of information
can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed
digitally in other words multimedia is a media that uses
multiform of information content and information
processing.
Basics elements of multimedia
- Text
- Animation
- Graphics
- Video
- Audio
Categration
There area two types of multimedia presentation
- Linear
Active vontent programissed withour and navigarional
controll for the viewer ( cinema presentation )
- Non-linear
Applications of multimedia
- Multimedia in entertainment
- Multimedia in businesses
 - Multimedia in software
- Multimedia in education and training
- Multimedia in phase writing
- Multimedia in 3-d modelling
- Multimedia in card writing
Multimedia in entertainment
- Multimedia in entertainment application aim at the
diverse users that is engaging them in some of the other
activity include listening to the music’s, watching a
video, playing games, participation interactive story,
meeting (web), high interactivity, mobility, are the major
rolls played by the multimedia application software.
Multimedia in businesses
- Training, information, promotional material, same
presentation, point of sale, displays that allow for
consumer integration and communication within and
outside the organisation area all common application of
multimedia in the businesses world the presentation for
the application are highly portable and is easy to
accesses
Multimedia in software
- Software engendering choose multimedia in computer
from the entertainment to training such as industrial,
designing, digital game. It can be used as learning
processes
Multimedia in education and training
 - In education it is used to provide reference book
The computer based training lead to the user to go for
the presentation of text about the particular and
associated information in various formation
entertainment gives edutainment education with
entertainment and entertainment with education.
e- learning
- It has become a Very good communication. It is used to
convey the subject content. It permit the
communication between the people such as audio,
video, etc
Multimedia on the website
World web plays an important role in diversity the
multimedia experience has been a broad cast medium
offering various online facilities such as TV, LIVE T.V
Plug- in & media player are software program that allow us
to allow us to experience multimedia on the web.
Framework for multimedia system
Multimedia framework is open framework which is used for
the dynamic creation of various multimedia application and it
is extended by the new multimedia devices the framework
architecture consists of six main layers the include the
decomposition if the system into the component with well-
defined interfaces and internal implementation each consists
of collection of component
The first layer called multimedia hardware and system
software each layer consists of component
Multimedia hardware and system software layer consists of
The second layer is the multimedia hardware CORBA server
player ( CORVA- common object broker architecture is the
standard developed by object management growth to
provide inter ovality in the among system) it pack up the
mandor provided software by the interfaces this layer
reproduces a uniform abstraction defined by interface
The third layer audio video stream control layer is dedicated
to the multimedia screen creation, control and destruction
The fourth layer presentation layer resolve the problem of
different data type used for the parameter of multimedia
devices and stream representation the main goal of this layer
is to translate the parameter type form the actual values to
the common data type
The management and access control layer provide a uniform
view of the component save and asset of function for their
manipulation and accessing ( involving security)
The top layer is called the application layer the entities of this
layer are the collection of user interfaces that provide access
to control and visualisation of the system need in the most
convenient form

Multimedia authoring tool

It is the creation of multimedia production (movies or
presentation) it include development interactive application
Authoring is a processes of creating the multimedia
application authoring uses authoring metaphors ( authoring
parading for the easier understanding of the methodology
employ to create multimedia application
1. Scripting language metaphor ( the special language that
enhances the activity button house and allow the
conditional jumps, loop, function, etc
2. Slide show metaphor- it include the linear presentation
3. Hierarchical metaphor- user controllable elements are
authorised in a tree structure such a metaphor is used in
menu driven application
4. Flow control metaphor- graphical icons are available in
the tool box and authoring by creating a flow chart with
the icon attach

09/08/2019
Multimedia media project
A project can be defined as unique process requiring the
significant effort and resources to reach a definite out =come
within time and cost constarte good project management
reduces the rick failure and of exceeding time and budget
Multimedia project involve a team of people the basic
principal common to the multimedia project are
 Defining the object
 Setup the project need
 Agreement on a plan
 Monitor the execution of the project
 Control the process and the out come
 Review the outcome
Risk to the project
- common reason for the project failuere include lack of
clearly define objective in the outcomes
- Lack of user commitment
- Failure to define the successes criteria
- Lack of clearly define project rolls
- Failure to accurately estimate the resures required
Objective
- The multimedia project objective must be clearly
defined and aggreed to by all involved it is necessary to
define the audience for the product the form it will take
and its scope
Plan
- It identifies the processes and stages needed to make
the desired objective it should include a time table with
a start an AND gate and millstone along the way a plan
provide the framework for managing multimedia project
 identifying the clear points at which review can take
place to monitor the progress and ensure the control
Monitoring
- It should be monitored regularly at appropriate stages
identified in the plan actual achievements and the cost
should be compared against the time table and budget
Responsibility and control
- Are of responsibility should be clearly established form
the beginning if the project overall responsibility for the
project should be assigned to the project manager. the
project manager must establish the target for faces of
planning and production as well as ensure delivery of
the work regular report provide opportunities to ensure
that the project is on time and to take any necessary
action if it is required.

20/08/2019
Interactive and non-interactive multimedia
Interactive multimedia
- It is a method of communication in which program
output depends on the user input and the users input
intern affects the program output
- It refers to the different ways in which the people share
and processes the information and communicate one
another
- It allow the people to connect with others
Non-interactive
- It is a method of communication in which program
output depends on the user input and the users input
intern affects the program output
- It refers to the different ways in which the people share
and processes the information and communicate one
another
- It allow the people to connect with others
Interactive Non-interactive
- an incomplete but - A fixed, self contain and
reactive construct of include passive
mechanics define by experience, featuring a
rules and driven by narrative offering,
external input beginning middle and
- example video games end
- the audience are the - Example- film
participants and their - The audience member
interaction is a vital are the observer and
element of experience not able to interact and
- the author control over participate and
the rules and structure therefore incapable of
- the individual platform changing the
have two separate experience directly
encoding standards one - The author has the
for the control over the
output(presentation) structure of experience
and one for the and contribute to make
input(interaction) the structure complete
- active form of and functional
entertainment
 - The individual platform
define the coding
standards for the
output of the coding
experience
- Passive form of
entertainment

23/08/2019
Different storage devices
- The storage device are the important components of the
computer system
- They are used to store the data . the computer has
many types of data storage some of them are classified
as storage devices and the other as non-removal data
storage devices
- There are two types of memory
1. Primary
it is the volatile memory.
2. Secondary- it is the non- volatile memory
Volatile memory
. It is the one where the content get erased
Non- volatile
. It is the one where content doesn’t erase
- The storage devise is used to store the data.
- There are various types of storage
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Offline storage-
- it is called as main memory
- directly or indirectly connected to the CPU by a memory
bass
- The CPU read the instruction and
- Ex-
RAM- any data in RAM can be assessed fast. It is of
two types SRAM and DRAM.
Cache memory- it is a high speed access area that
represent the reserved section of the main
memory
- Secondary storage
. it is not directly assessable by CPU
. Computer uses it input and output channels to access
the secondary storage and transfer the desired data
- Ex- hardisk- it is the main and largest storage device in
the computer
- Its speed content can be read and written on a hardisk
- It unit comes with a set of rotation speed the disk access
time is measured in milli seconds
- ROM – it is used as a computer begins to boot up small
programs are stored in long chips and they contain the
 instruction the computer can use in performing the
basic operation required to operate hardware devices
3. Tertiary storage
- It involves a robotic mechanism which will mount(insert)
and this mount removable mass storage media in to a
storage removal device
- It is a compoharassive computer storage system
- It is usually used to Archie the data that is not used
frequently
- Ex- magnetic tape and optical disk
4. Offline storage
- It is also called disconnected storage
- It represent the computer data storage on a medium or
device that is not under the control of the processing
unit
- Ex- floppy disk, USB drive, memory card

27/08/2019

Multimedia distribution
1. Internet
- It is a globally connected network system that uses TCB ,
IT to transmit data through various types of media
- The internet is network of global exchanges including
public, private, businesses, academics and government
 networks connected by tided, wireless and fibre optic
technologies .
- As the computing advance pear to pear communication
is enhanced the internet had greatly influence and
upgraded networking to the global standards billions of
internet users rely on multiple application and
networking technologies including
. Internet protocol- it is the internet primary
component and communication back bone because
the internet is comprised of hardware and software
layers the inter protocol communication standards is
used to address scheme and identify unique
connected devices
. communication- internet is most cost effective
communication method in which the following
services are instantly available
Email
Video conferencing
Online gaming
Data transfer
Instant messaging
Internet forums
Social networking
Financial services
2.WWW ( World wide web)
- The key difference b/w
Internet is the global connection of networks
 The web is collection of information that can be access
using the internet in other words internet is the
infrastructure and the web is the service
The world wide web is a network of online content that
is formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP
The term WWW refers to all the interrelated pages that can
be accessed over the internet. It is the combination of
resources and user on the internet that are using the HTTP.
It represent the collection of website stored in the web
server and connected to local computer through the internet
these website contain text images, digital image, audio,
video, etc user can access the content of the site from any
part of the world using device ex laptop
WWW enable retrieval and display of text and media to the
devices the building of web of the webpages formatted in
HTML connected by link hypertext and accessed by HTT these
links are electronic connection that link related piece of
information so that the user can access the information
easily
30/08/19
Multimedia distribution network
- it is a network include servers, each server having access
to the data base storing the multimedia information for
distribution to the subscribers each of the server is
connected to a network a number of switching points is
also connected to the network each switching points
accept the digital information for the network and
 under the control of the resource manager provide
multimedia information screen through a switching
network to one or more modems each modem is
connected to the user terminal by the transmission
media
- 1. ATM ( Transfer Mode network)
- 2. ADSL ( Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line )
ATM
- It is a network transfer technique capable of a wide

With various service and performance requirement it

support traffic bandwidth ranging from few kilobits per
second to several 100 mb/sec
Ex- HD video
And the traffic type ranging from continuous fixed rate
traffic (file transfer) to the heavy traffic( interactive data
and video). The ATM network is capable of the
BISDN(broadband integrated service digital network)
ADSM
- Is type of DSL(DIGITAL SUBSCIBER TEACHNOLOGY) a
data communication technology that enables the faster
data transmission over the copper lines. The bandwidth
and bitrate are said to be asymmetric[( greater towards
the customer premises) (downstream) then the rivers
side( upside)] the providers usually market ADSL as a
service for consumers for internet access for
downloading the content from the internet
 - It is depends upon the digital signal processing and
algorithms to reduce the information. The ADSL circuits
connects an ADSL modem on each of the twisted pair of
line. It has a range of down-stream and upstream
depending upon the distance the modem divides the
available bandwidth using two methods
- 1. frequency division measure techniques
- 2. Eco cancelation
3/09/19
Multimedia database
A multimedia database is a collection of multimedia data it
include on or more primary data type such as stack, images,
graphic object, drawing, sketches animation sequence and
video. A multimedia database management system is a
framework that manages different types of data potentially
represented in a wide variety of formats on a wide range of
media sources It provide support for the multimedia data
types a facilitate for creation, storage, excess quarry and
control of multimedia database. A multimedia database hosts
one or more datatypes ( text, images, graphic objects, audio,
video) datatypes are broadly categories into 3 classes
1. Static media ( time independent image and graphic
object)
2. Dynamic media ( time dependent, audio, video, and
animation)
3. Dimensional media ( 3d game and Computer Added
Drafting program)
 A multimedia database manages the information related
to the actual multimedia data the information is about the
following
1. Media data ( the actual data representing the object)
2. Media format data( information about the format of the
media data after it goes to the processing )
3. Multimedia keyword data (the keyword description
relating to the generation of data)
4. Media feature data ( content dependent data such as
contain information about distribution of colours, kind
of textures and different types of shades)
- The multimedia database address the following
1. Integration( data items need not to be duplicated )
2. Data independent ( separate the database and
management from the application program)
3. Concurrency control
4. Privacy
5. Integrity control
6. recovery
7. query control

06/09/19
Animation
- a simulations of movement created by displaying a
series of picture or frames.
- It is important element of multimedia presentation
there are many software application that enable us to
 create the animation that we can display on the
computer monitor
- Animation starts with the independent pictures and put
them together to form the elusion of continuous
motion.
Types of animation
- Traditional
In this animators draw the images on the separate piece
of paper one frame at a time the animators test the
animation with ruff drawings to see how many fraames
they would need for the action to work. The animation
process is lengthy ones the in between drawings are
complete, the production move on to the
photographing each individual frame
- 2 D animation
It is a computer vector animation. Vector means
animation include generation of computer based 2D
animation using the same techniques as used it
traditional animation but benefits form the lack of
physical objects as well as ability to use the computer
interpolation at the same time
- 3D animation
It is made by generating images using computer. It is
also referred as CGI( computer graphic imagery ). The
series of images are the frames of an animated shoot. It
deals with animating and posing images models and
conforms to the frame by frame approach it include a
digital workspace the character in 3D animation rare
 digitally modelled in the program and then fitted that
allows the animators to move the model
- Motion graphics
It is the art of moving the graphic element usually for
some commercial or the promotional purpose. They
have the attributed common and that is understanding
the good composition and the camera motion. The
processes of creating graphic depend on the program
used motion graphic involves text of video clipping using
keyframing that are tune to make a smooth motion.
- Stop motion
It is done by taking the photo of the object and then
moving it and taking the another photo the processes is
repeated and when the photos are create back one of
the another they give the elusion of movement. It
generally uses real-life material rather than the
drawings
- Morphing
It is a teachnology to produce special effect in an image
or video. It is mostly used in the entertainment industry,
it is used in movies, games, etc
It is used in computer based training, electronic book
illustrations, presentation, education purpose, etc
Morphing comes from the word metamorphosis that
means changing the shape, appearance or form it is
done by coupling image lapping with colours
intercalations.
Morphing is the processes in which the source image is
gradually changed and vanished by generating the
 target image the middle image generated using
morphing is the average of the source and the target
image.
Morphing technique can be classified into two types
Based on the ways to specify the feature
Mashed based and feature based
In mashed based method feature of the image is
specified by the non-uniform NETS ( mesh) in feature
based feature of the image is specified as the line
segment or as a sequence of the line
Colour Models
- RGB
These are the addictive colour and are found on our
computer and TV Screens. The tinny dots that makeup
the displays are composed of RGB information it is very
large and include very large colour space and is ideal for
the image that are used of the web and presentation
purposes
- CLYK
It stands for Cyan Magenta yellow and black these are
the subtracted colours they are the standard in colours
for the printing this means whenever we print an image
we use CNYK ink to generate the paint several
professional printers requires the image for from the
print must be converted to CNYK before being printed.
This is because the RGB colour spectrum is much more
wild then the CNYK spectrum and during the conversion
 from RGB to CNYK the appearance of certain colour may
look different.

10/09/19
Importance of text in multimedia
- Text Is an important component used in multimedia
application they are the characters that are used to
create the words, sentences and paragraphs I tis the
source of the information it helps in provide the basic
information into text is the simplest and effective way to
transfer the message insufficient attention given to the
presentation and flow of text within multimedia
application, can result in the failure to communicate the
presentation’s central message
- Purpose
. To ride the user in navigating through the application
. To explain the working if the application
. Deliver the information for which the application is
designed .
- The text can be represented in two ways
1. Linear
a. A single way to progress through the text starting
at the beginning and leading to the end.
2. Non- linear
a. Information is represented in symmetric method in
which multiple related section of the text and are
connected to each other. A user may use browser
through the section of the text jumping form one
text to the another.
 Unicode
- In computer system characters are transform and stored
as number( sequence of bits) that can be handled by the
processor a code page Is an importing scheme that
maps a specific sequence of bits to its character
representation.
- It is attempt to include different schemes on one
universal text encoding standard
- It represent a mechanism to support the encoding
system. It is important step towards the standardization
1. It enable a software product or a website to be
designed for multiple platforms, languages
2. Unicode data can be used through may system
without data corruption
3. It represent in encoding scheme for all the languages
and character
4. It is a common point in the conversation between
different encoding scheme since it is the supper set of
all the common character for the system we can
convert form one encode scheme to Unicode scheme
and visa-versa.
5. It is a referred encoding scheme used by XML based
tools and application
6. It provides the unique number for all the character

09/10/19
Vector graphics
It is a creation of digital images to the sequence of
commands or mathematical statements that place lines
and shapes in a two or three dimensional space. Its
images converted to rated graphics images. Its file will
also called geometric file.
Shading
Darkening or colouring of a diagram with parallel lines
or block of colour. It also refers to predicting depth
perception in 3D models or illustration by various level
of darkness

Antialiasing
It is a technique used in digital imaging to reduce visual
defects that occurs when high resolution images are
presented in lower resolution. It manifests it self as jagged or
edges an objects that should be smooth.

Video om demand
Is a video media distribution system that allows users to
access video entertainment without traditional
entertainment device and outside of constrain of static
broadcasting schedule.
Types
1. Transitional
2. Catch up tv
 3. Subscription moddles
Still images
May be small, large, or even full screen
Two methods
1. Bit map- paint graphics
– these are used for photo realistic images and complex
drawing
2. Vector drawn- plane drawing
- It used for lines, boxes, circles, polygons, etc.
Capturing and editing images
- The image is seen on a computer and is updated after
every 1/60 second.
- It is possible to use print screen key to capture an image.
Scanning images
- After scanning images it is possible to search for
content.
- Open the scan in the editing program an experiment
with different filters ,contrast them with special effect .u
can also try strange combination ,some time mistakes
gives intriguing result

Computer colour models

- A colour models is a system for creating full range of
colures from a set of primary colours.
- There are two types of colours
 1. Additive -> R G B
2. Subtractive -> CMYK

RGB
These are the addictive colour and are found on our
computer and TV Screens. The tinny dots that makeup
the displays are composed of RGB information it is very
large and include very large colour space and is ideal for
the image that are used of the web and presentation
purposes
- Primary purpose is for the display of images in electronic
system
Subtractive ( CMYK )
- The CMYK colour model( 4 colour process ) is a
subtractive colour model normally used in printing
- It works by completely masking colours on a white back
background the printed in reduces the light which would
be reflected
- It is called subtractive because ink subtract brightness
form whit background from four colours. e
- It reduces entire spectrum of visible colours due to the
presence of half toning
Vector drawing
- Colour palettes – a colour scheme is the choice of
colours used in design for the range of media.
 - These are computer graphics image that are defined in
2D points which are connected by line and curves to
form polygon and other shapes.
- Operation
. Minimum amount of information translates into
smaller file
. one can zoom in a circle and remains smooth
. Vector format are not always appropriate in graphics
world and have various disadvantages.
3d rendering and drawing
- It is process that allows architecture to show 3D model
arising from 2D space.
- This technique uses computer programs to create
objects In space and add elements that include shading,
lightening and textures.
- Benefits
. speeds up the project time
. highly accurate
. easier to sell to clients
. designs can be change
JPEG
- Commonly used mattered for the compression of digital
images particularly for images stored by digital
photography.
- The bases of JPEG is discreate cosine transform DCT
which created a standard in 1992, lossy image
corporation technique was proposed by NASIR AHAMED
- It is responsible for proliferation of digital images and
digital photos across the internet.
- It consists of segments beginning with a marker which
begins with 08*ff bit, followed by indicating the kind of
marker
- Examples
1. SOI ( start of image )
2. SOF0 ( start of frame base line
- Objectives
. Reduces irrelevant and redented image
- Advantages
. High degree of compression
. Small size
. Computable format
- Disadvantages
. Image will fall apart
. Transmission may be harsh or just disappears